scholarly journals Analytical Framework for End-to-End Delay Based on Unidirectional Highway Scenario

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Aslinda Hassan ◽  
Mohamed H. Ahmed ◽  
M. A. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Vehicular Traffic ◽  
Delay Model ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
End To End ◽  
Carry And Forward

In a sparse vehicular ad hoc network, a vehicle normally employs a carry and forward approach, where it holds the message it wants to transmit until the vehicle meets other vehicles or roadside units. A number of analyses in the literature have been done to investigate the time delay when packets are being carried by vehicles on both unidirectional and bidirectional highways. However, these analyses are focusing on the delay between either two disconnected vehicles or two disconnected vehicle clusters. Furthermore, majority of the analyses only concentrate on the expected value of the end-to-end delay when the carry and forward approach is used. Using regression analysis, we establish the distribution model for the time delay between two disconnected vehicle clusters as an exponential distribution. Consequently, a distribution is newly derived to represent the number of clusters on a highway using a vehicular traffic model. From there, we are able to formulate end-to-end delay model which extends the time delay model for two disconnected vehicle clusters to multiple disconnected clusters on a unidirectional highway. The analytical results obtained from the analytical model are then validated through simulation results.

scholarly journals Impact of Direction Parameter in Performance of Modified AODV in VANET

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afsana Ahamed ◽  
Hamid Vakilzadian
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
End To End ◽  
Route Request ◽  
The Impact

A vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a technology in which moving cars are used as routers (nodes) to establish a reliable mobile communication network among the vehicles. Some of the drawbacks of the routing protocol, Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), associated with VANETs are the end-to-end delay and packet loss. We modified the AODV routing protocols to reduce the number of route request (RREQ) and route reply (RREP) messages by adding direction parameters and two-step filtering. The two-step filtering process reduces the number of RREQ and RREP packets, reduces the packet overhead, and helps to select the stable route. In this study, we show the impact of the direction parameter in reducing the end-to-end delay and the packet loss in AODV. The simulation results show a 1.4% reduction in packet loss, an 11% reduction in the end-to-end delay, and an increase in throughput.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of DSR and TORA Model Routing Protocols In Vehicular Ad Hoc Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
Linna Oktaviana Sari ◽  
Agusurio Azmi ◽  
Ery Safrianti ◽  
Feranita Jalil
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
End To End

Pekanbaru city is a large area, therefore traffic congestion often occurs due to the density of society’s vehicles. From this problem, it is needed a technology that can exchange information between vehicles. Information Technology that can involve many vehicles with special network types without dependence on an infrastructure is Ad Hoc Network. One type of this network is Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET). VANET is a new concept in enabling communication between Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V). For efficient data packet delivery, VANET requires a routing protocol. In this research, for simulated and analyzed performance is used the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA) protocol. NS-2 is used to simulated a moved nodes, SUMO software is used to simulated real map of SKA Mall crossroad and parameter the quality of performance routing protocol DSR can determined by End to End Delay, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and Routing Overhead (RO). This simulation uses scenario 100 nodes, 150 nodes, 200 nodes and 250 nodes. The simulation results with the scenario of changing the number of nodes, the DSR routing protocol produces better performance with an average of  End to End Delay is 0.1066 s, average of PDR is 95.45% and average of RO is 1.0076. While the TORA routing protocol has an average of End to End Delay is 0.1163s, average of PDR is 93.49% and average of RO is 1.0801. And in the scenario of node speed changes, the TORA routing protocol produces better performance with an average of End to End Delay is 0.0861 s and average of PDR 97.37%. While the DSR routing protocol is better with an average of RO is 1.0076.

scholarly journals Pencarian Rute yang Handal Berbasis Energi Menggunakan Algoritma EA-SHORT pada Protokol Routing ZRP di Jaringan MANET

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
Mila Rosiana ◽  
Andy Hidayat Jatmika ◽  
Ariyan Zubaidi
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Zone Routing Protocol ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
End To End

Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) adalah jaringan wireless dari kumpulan node yang tidak memiliki router tetap. Setiap node dalam jaringan bertindak sebagai router yang bertanggung jawab untuk menemukan dan menangani rute antar node. Dalam penelitian ini, konsep energy aware menggunakan algoritma EA-SHORT diterapkan pada kerangka kerja Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP). EA-SHORT mencoba mendistribusikan beban jaringan ke semua node yang ada dengan memanfaatkan variasi jumlah energi dengan memilih node yang memiliki cukup energi yang dapat berpartisipasi dalam rute dan menghindari node yang memiliki energi rendah. Kinerja ZRP akan dibandingkan dengan EA-SHORT ZRP yang telah dimodifikasi dengan EA-SHORT yang diukur dari nilai parameter yang ditentukan. Dari simulasi, hasilnya menunjukkan, pada node 50, throughput meningkat sebesar 12,374%. Untuk 100 node, peningkatan sebesar 44.597%. Pada rata-rata average end to end delay , dengan 50 node, nilai EA-SHORT ZRP menurun sebesar 20.063%, 100 node EA-SHORT ZRP menurun sebesar 8.375%. Hasil PDR pada EA-SHORT ZRP dengan 50 node meningkat 0,545%, dan untuk EA-SHORT ZRP 100 node meningkat sebesar 21,301%

Securing Energy Routing Protocol against Black Hole Attacks in Mobile Ad-Hoc Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendra Prasad P ◽  
Shiva Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Route Discovery ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
End To End

Introduction: The aim of the securing energy routing protocol, is to provide the countermeasures to the attacks par-ticularly to the black hole in mobile ad-hoc network, and enhancing the network performance metric throughput al-so reducing the end-to-end delay between the nodes in the network.To build the protocol that enhances the perfor-mance of the network by modifying the existing DSR protocol by introducing new route discovery mechanism in the proposed protocol. Method: The proposed protocol implementation has two phases, route request/reply phase and route confirm phas-es. During the route discovery process, the route discovery from the source to destination process are described by sending the RREQ packet from the source hub as shown in Fig. 1(a), when it does not have one accessible and crav-ings a route to a destination. The source node transmits the RREQ to its associate nodes and the destination node re-ply with RREP. When the source receives reply message, the source node respond with reverse path with a confirm RCON message and providing security to the nodes in the network. Results: To verify the performance of the proposed protocol against the existing DSR protocol are compared with respect to various network metrics like end-to-end delay and packet delivery ratio and validated the result by com-paring both routing algorithm using Network Simulator 2. Conclusion: The results of the proposed SERP strongly safeguard against the attacks in the network and the packet delivery ratio is increased compared with the DSR also the end-to-end delay is reduced in the proposed protocol. Discussion: Mobile ad-hoc networks are being dynamic in nature, it associates with issues relating to secure routing, energy and are generally vulnerable to several types of attacks. The DSR is one of the widely used reactive proto-cols available for the mobile ad-hoc network and the proposed work enhancing the security of the network in the existing pro

scholarly journals VANET Experimental Results on Detecting Traffic Congestion Using SINR and Delay

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
Ng Chee Yee ◽  
◽  
Joanne Mun-Yee Lim ◽  
Anis Fariza ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Wireless Network ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Signal Degradation ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Unpredictable Environments ◽  
End To End

Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a wireless network that is formed by vehicles that are connected to each other through ad hoc formation. Since nodes in VANET are highly mobile moving in unpredictable environments, therefore VANET should be made adaptable. In order to have an adaptable VANET, several parameters such as end to end delay and Signal to Interface Noise Ratio (SINR), are used to detect traffic congestion/ transmission signal degradation. In this paper, several experiments were conducted to test the suitability of SINR and end to end delay in detecting traffic congestion/ transmission signal degradation in VANET. The experiments were conducted in congested, moderate and traffic free conditions in an urban area of Klang, Malaysia. Results showed that under different traffic congestions and transmission environments, SINR and end to end delay showed different readings, which proved the suitability of SINR and end to end delay in detecting traffic congestion and transmission degradation in VANET.

scholarly journals SIMULASI DAN ANALISIS PERFORMANSI DARI PROTOKOL ROUTING BERBASIS POSISI GPRS DAN GyTAR UNTUK VEHICLE COMMUNICATION PADA VEHICULAR AD HOC NETWORK (VANET)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma Nurlita Dewi ◽  
Rendy Munadi ◽  
Leanna Vidya Y.
Keyword(s):  
Packet Loss ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Vehicle Communication ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
End To End

Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) merupakan konsep subset dari Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) sebagai teknologi yang memungkinkan komunikasi Inter Vehicle Communication (IVC) dan Roadside-toVehicle (RVC).VANET dikarakteristikkan dengan membangun jaringan ad hoc yang dibentuk dari nodenode berupa kendaraan bermobilitas tinggi yang dibatasi dengan aturan lalu lintas sehingga pergerakannya disesuaikan dengan pola tertentu, tidak seperti MANET yang pergerakannya bisa random tanpa ada batasan. Dengan demikian, protokol routing konvensional berbasis topologi pada MANET dinilai tidak cocok untuk VANET. Protokol routing berbasis posisi sepeti GPSR dan GyTAR dinilai cocok untuk VANET. Hal ini tak lain karena aspek dinamika topologi pada VANET yang dapat berdampak nyata pada analisis protokol routing. Dari hasil simulasi diperoleh bahwa GyTAR unggul pada skenario lingkungan perkotaan dilihat dari seluruh parameter end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio, packet loss dan normalized routing overhead yang lebih baik dari GPSR dengan rata-rata nilai masing-masing, yakni 2,294 ms, 0,958, 4,19%, dan 0,482. Sementara pada skenario lingkungan jalan tol GPSR lebih unggul dibandingkan GyTAR dengan rata-rata nilai end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio, dan packet loss sebesar 2,639 ms, 0,920, dan 7,923%; namun dengan perolehan NRO yang lebih kecil oleh GyTAR, yakni sebesar 1,725.Kata Kunci: VANET, MANET , GPSR, GyTAR, IVC, SUMO

scholarly journals Meningkatkan Efisiensi Rute Pada Protokol Routing AOMDV Menggunakan Metode PA-SHORT di Jaringan MANET

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
Yunia Puspita Wulandari ◽  
Andy Hidayat Jatmika ◽  
Fitri Bimantoro
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Routing Overhead ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
End To End ◽  
Short Algorithm

Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) is a development of the Ad-Hoc Network, where the nodes of this network have dynamic mobility. There are several types of routing protocols in MANET, one of which is AOMDV. Route discovery on the AOMDV routing protocol is done by calculating the distance based on the number of hops. If the number of hops increased, it may cause a considerable delay and a decrease in throughput. This study compares the performance of the AOMDV routing protocol with the Path Aware-AOMDV (PA-AOMDV) routing protocol. PA-AOMDV routing protocol is obtained through modifications to the performance of the AOMDV protocol with the Path Aware SHORT algorithm. The Path Aware SHORT algorithm is a method to reduce the number of hops. SHORT improves routing optimization by monitoring routes and optimizing these routes that have better paths. The performance of both protocols will be seen based on four parameters, namely throughput, average end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio, and routing overhead. Result shows that the throughput increased for 50 nodes is 61,84% and for 100 nodes is 45,2%, average end-to-end delay decreased for 50 nodes is 0,066% and for 100 nodes 0,12%, packet delivery ratio increased for 50 nodes is 60,87% and for 100 nodes 82,02%, and routing overhead decreased for 50 nodes is 67,07% and 100 nodes 45,36%.

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