scholarly journals Effects of Different Local Moxibustion-Like Stimuli at Zusanli (ST36) and Zhongwan (CV12) on Gastric Motility and Its Underlying Receptor Mechanism

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang-Shuai Su ◽  
Juan-Juan Xin ◽  
Zhao-Kun Yang ◽  
Wei He ◽  
Hong Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Motility ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Facilitatory Effect ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Trpv1 Receptor ◽  
Thermal Pain ◽  
Intensity Response

The aim of this study was to explore the “intensity-response” relationship in local moxibustion-like stimuli- (LMS-) modulated gastric motility and its underlying receptor mechanism. Based on the thermal pain threshold (43°C), 41°C, 43°C, and 45°C LMS were separately applied to ST36 or CV12 for 180 s among ASIC3 knockout (ASIC3−/−) mice, TRPV1 knockout (TRPV1−/−) mice, and their homologous wild-type C57BL/6 mice (n=8in each group). Gastric motility was continuously measured by an intrapyloric balloon, and the amplitude, integral, and frequency of gastric motility during LMS were compared with those of initial activities. We found that both 43°C and 45°C LMS at ST36 induced significantly facilitated effect of gastric motilityP<0.05, while LMS at CV12 induced inhibited effectsP<0.05. 41°C LMS had no significant impact on gastric motility. Compared with C57BL/6 mice, the facilitatory effect at ST36 and inhibitive effect of LMS at CV12 were decreased significantly in TRPV1−/− mice (P<0.05;P<0.01) but not changed markedly in ASIC3−/− miceP>0.05. These results suggest that there existed an “intensity-response” relationship between temperature in LMS and its effects on gastric motility. TRPV1 receptor played a crucial role in the LMS-modulated gastric motility.

scholarly journals “Intensity-Response” Effects of Electroacupuncture on Gastric Motility and Its Underlying Peripheral Neural Mechanism

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang-Shuai Su ◽  
Wei He ◽  
Chi Wang ◽  
Hong Shi ◽  
Yu-Feng Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Gastric Motility ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Facilitatory Effect ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Trpv1 Receptor ◽  
Intensity Response ◽  
C Fiber ◽  
The Difference

The aim of this study was to explore the “intensity-response” relationship between EAS and the effect of gastric motility of rats and its underlying peripheral neural mechanism by employing ASIC3 knockout (ASIC3−/−), TRPV1 knockout (TRPV1−/−), and C57BL/6 mice. For adult male Sprague-Dawley (n=18) rats, the intensities of EAS were 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 mA, respectively. For mice (n=8in each group), only 1 mA was used, by which C fiber of the mice can be activated. Gastric antrum motility was measured by intrapyloric balloon. Gastric motility was facilitated by EAS at ST36 and inhibited by EAS at CV12. The half maximal facilitation intensity of EAS at ST36 was 2.1–2.3 mA, and the half maximal inhibitory intensity of EAS at CV12 was 2.8 mA. In comparison with C57BL/6 mice, the facilitatory effect of ST36 and inhibitive effect of CV12 in ASIC3−/− mice decreased, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). However, these effects in TRPV1−/− mice decreased significantly (P<0.001). The results indicated that there existed an “intensity-response” relationship between EAS and the effect of gastric motility. TRPV1 receptor was involved in the regulation of gastric motility of EAS.

scholarly journals Electroacupuncture Stimulation at CV12 Inhibits Gastric Motility via TRPV1 Receptor

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Yu ◽  
Xin Cao ◽  
Youbing Xia ◽  
Binbin Ren ◽  
Hong Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Motility ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Trpv1 Receptor ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Trpv1 Antagonist

Gastric dysmotility is one of the major pathophysiological factors in functional gastrointestinal disorders. Acupuncture, as one of the alternative approaches, is efficacious in the treatment of gastrointestinal motility disorders; however, the mechanism underlying its action is unclear. In the present study, we used both capsazepine, a TRPV1 antagonist, and TRPV1 knockout mice. Animals were divided into wild-type group (WT), capsazepine injection group (CZP, 0.5 mg/kg, i.p.), and TRPV1 knockout mice group (TRPV1−/−). Each of these three groups was divided into three subgroups, which were subjected to EA stimulation at acupoint Zhongwan (CV12) at a different intensity (1, 2, or 4 mA). We demonstrated that electroacupuncture at Zhongwan (CV12) markedly inhibited gastric motility at 2 and 4 mA in an intensity-dependent manner in wild-type mice. The inhibitory effect was also observed in capsazepine-injected and TRPV1−/−mice but was no longer intensity dependent, indicating that TRPV1 is partially involved in the electroacupuncture-mediated modulation of gastric motility.

Differential Effects of Variable Frequencies of Manual Acupuncture at St36 in Rats with Atropine-Induced Inhibition of Gastric Motility

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Li Gao ◽  
Yi Guo ◽  
Tao Sha ◽  
Yang-Yang Liu ◽  
Jia-Bei Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Gastric Motility ◽  
Control Model ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Manual Acupuncture ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Intensity Response ◽  
Single Operator

Objective The ‘intensity-response’ relationship between acupuncture stimulation and therapeutic effect is currently the focus of much research interest. The same needling manipulation with different frequencies can generate differential levels of stimulus. This study aimed to examine the effects on gastric motility induced by four twirling frequencies based on relatively standardised manual acupuncture (MA) manipulations. Methods Twirling manipulations at 1, 2, 3, and 4 Hz were practised before the experiments by a single operator using an MA parameter measurement device and stability was evaluated through time-frequency analysis. Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups (n=8 each): Control, Model, Model+MA (1, 2, 3, and 4 Hz). Rats in the five Model groups received injections of atropine into the tail vein to inhibit gastric motility, which was continuously recorded by a balloon in the gastric antrum. Rats in the four Model+MA groups received MA at 1, 2, 3 and 4 Hz, respectively, for 70 s and needles were retained for a further 5 min. Results The amplitude of waveforms produced by the four twirling frequencies was relatively consistent and reproducible. The gastric motility amplitude in all groups decreased after modelling (injections of atropine) (p<0.01). Twirling manipulation at 1, 2, and 3 Hz (but not 4 Hz) increased gastric motility amplitude (p<0.05). The increase in gastric motility amplitude induced by MA at 2 Hz was greater than for all other frequencies (p<0.05). Conclusions Acupuncture at ST36 helped recover gastric motility amplitude in rats with atropine-induced gastric inhibition and the effects induced by 1–3 Hz frequency were greater than those induced by 4 Hz.

scholarly journals Electroacupuncture at ST25 Inhibits Cisapride-Induced Gastric Motility in an Intensity-Dependent Manner

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Pang ◽  
Chunxia Lu ◽  
Kaiyue Wang ◽  
Chao Liang ◽  
Zhi Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Drug Concentration ◽  
Gastric Motility ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Intensity Response ◽  
Relationship Of

Background.Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of frequency-specific EAS. However, evaluation of intensity-response effects is challenging and has yet to be addressed.Aims.Using cisapride to promote gastric emptying, we measured the intensity-response relationship of EA at ST25 on gastric motility.Methods.We determined the effects of EA at ST25 using intensities (0.5, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 mA) on gastric motility in rats injected with cisapride (0.2, 0.02, and 0.002 mg/kg).Results.Utilizing three concentrations of cisapride yielded significantly differing levels of gastric motility. Furthermore, log IC50values for EAS were different within each group. Given the same EA intensity, cisapride antagonism decreased progressively in each group as a function of drug concentration. The relative amount of cisapride antagonized by EAS did not change in a linear fashion. Finally, EAS at different intensities within the three groups induced a similar pattern of cisapride antagonism.Conclusions.The ability of EAS to elicit a decrease in cisapride-induced gastric motility pressure was demonstrated in this study. The study encompasses construct validity to mirror individualized treatment being based on patients’ subjective feelings, not on a set fixed EA intensity. Clinically utilizing EAS at the smallest intensity can achieve the desired therapeutic effect.

scholarly journals Electroacupuncture at ST37 Enhances Jejunal Motility via Excitation of the Parasympathetic System in Rats and Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengqian Yuan ◽  
Yuqin Li ◽  
Yidan Wang ◽  
Na Zhang ◽  
XuanMing Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Relationship ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Excitatory Effect ◽  
Parasympathetic System ◽  
Signal Collection ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Intensity Response ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Parasympathetic Pathway

Background.The roles of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems in mediating the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at ST37 on jejunal motility have yet to be demonstrated.Aim. We used rats and mice to investigate the effect and mechanism of action of EA at ST37 on jejunal motility.Methods.Jejunal motility was recorded by a balloon placed in the jejunum and connected to a biological signal collection system through a transducer. The effects of EA (3 mA) at ST37 were evaluated in Sprague-Dawley rats without drugs and with the administration of clenbuterol, propranolol, acetylcholine, and atropine. Further, the efficacy of EA at different intensities (1/2/4/6/8 mA) was measured in wild-type mice andβ1β2-/-mice andM2M3-/-mice.Results.In Sprague-Dawley rats, the excitatory effect of EA at ST37 on jejunal motility disappeared in the presence of the muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine. EA at ST37 was less effective inM2M3-/-mice than in wild-type mice. Furthermore, to a certain extent, there existed “intensity-response” relationship between jejunal motility and EA.Conclusions.EA at ST37 can enhance jejunal motility in rats and mice mainly via excitation of the parasympathetic pathway. There is an “intensity-response” relationship between EA and effect on jejunal motility.

scholarly journals Office-Cycling: A Promising Way to Raise Pain Thresholds and Increase Metabolism with Minimal Compromising of Work Performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Tronarp ◽  
André Nyberg ◽  
Mattias Hedlund ◽  
Charlotte K. Häger ◽  
Suzanne McDonough ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Pressure Pain Threshold ◽  
Pain Modulation ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Thermal Pain ◽  
Metabolic Expenditure ◽  
Pointing Precision ◽  
Mouse Pointing

Aim.Establishing the effects of low intensity cycling (LC), moderate intensity cycling (MC), and standing at a simulated office workstation on pain modulation, work performance, and metabolic expenditure.Methods.36 healthy adults (21 females), mean age 26.8 (SD 7.6) years, partook in this randomized3×3crossover trial with 75 minutes of LC on 20% of maximum aerobic power (MAP) output, 30 minutes of MC on 50% of MAP, and standing 30 minutes with 48-hour wash-out periods. Outcome measures were pain modulation (pressure pain threshold (PPT) and thermal pain threshold)), work performance (transcription, mouse pointing, and cognitive performance), and metabolic expenditure.Results.PPTs increased in all conditions. PPT trapezius showed the highest increase after LC, 39.3 kilopascals (kPa) (15.6; 78.6), compared to MC, 17.0 kPa (2.8; 49.9), and standing, 16.8 kPa (−5.6; 39.4),p=0.015. Transcription was reduced during LC and MC. Mouse pointing precision was best during standing and worst and slowest during MC. Cognitive performance did not differ between conditions. Metabolic expenditure rates were 1.4 (1.3; 1.7), 3.3 (2.3; 3.7), and 7.5 (5.8; 8.7) kcal/minute during standing, LC, and MC, respectively(p<0.001).Conclusions.LC seems to be the preferred option; it raised PPTs, more than doubled metabolic expenditure, whilst minimally influencing work performance.

Flavonoids and UV Photoprotection in Arabidopsis Mutants

2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 745-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken G Ryan ◽  
Ewald E Swinny ◽  
Chris Winefield ◽  
Kenneth R Markham
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acid ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Uvb Radiation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acid Derivatives ◽  
Quercetin Glycosides ◽  
Kaempferol Glycosides ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
High Level

AbstractWild-type Arabidopsis L. leaves exposed to low ultraviolet-B (U V B ) conditions contained predominantly kaempferol glycosides, with low levels of quercetin glycosides. The flavonoid level doubled on treatment with UVB and an increase in the ratio of quercetin: kaempferol was observed. These results suggest that flavonols protect Arabidopsis plants from UVB damage, and indicate that the flavonoid 3’-hydroxylase (F3’H) enzyme, which converts dihydrokaempferol to dihydroquercetin, may play a crucial role. The tt7 mutant lacks this gene and, after treatment with sub-ambient UVB, contained kaempferol glycosides exclusively, to a level of total flavonols similar to that in wild-type Arabidopsis. Total flavonols after enhanced UVB treatment were higher in tt7 than in similarly treated wild-type plants, and only kaempferol glycosides were detected. Despite this high level, tt7 plants were less tolerant of UVB radiation than wild-type plants. These observations suggests that kaempferol is a less effective photoprotectant than quercetin. The chalcone isomerase (CHI) mutant (tt5) surprisingly did not accumulate naringenin chalcone, and this suggests that the mutation may not be restricted to the CHI gene alone. The concentration of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives did not change with UVB treatment in most varieties indicating that their role in UV photoprotection may be subordinate to that of the flavonoids.

Exposure to an inhomogeneous static magnetic field increases thermal pain threshold in healthy human volunteers

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsófia Kovács-Bálint ◽  
Árpád Csathó ◽  
János F. László ◽  
Péter Juhász ◽  
István Hernádi
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Static Magnetic Field ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Thermal Pain ◽  
Human Volunteers

scholarly journals Active elimination of intestinal cells drives oncogenic growth in organoids

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Krotenberg Garcia ◽  
Arianna Fumagalli ◽  
Huy Quang Le ◽  
Owen J. Sansom ◽  
Jacco van Rheenen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Intestinal Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cell Competition ◽  
Type Population

AbstractCompetitive cell-interactions play a crucial role in quality control during development and homeostasis. Here we show that cancer cells use such interactions to actively eliminate wild-type intestine cells in enteroid monolayers and organoids. This apoptosis-dependent process boosts proliferation of intestinal cancer cells. The remaining wild-type population activates markers of primitive epithelia and transits to a fetal-like state. Prevention of this cell fate transition avoids elimination of wild-type cells and, importantly, limits the proliferation of cancer cells. JNK signalling is activated in competing cells and is required for cell fate change and elimination of wild-type cells. Thus, cell competition drives growth of cancer cells by active out-competition of wild-type cells through forced cell death and cell fate change in a JNK dependent manner.

scholarly journals The Effect of a Single 30-Min Long Term Evolution Mobile Phone-Like Exposure on Thermal Pain Threshold of Young Healthy Volunteers

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Vecsei ◽  
György Thuróczy ◽  
István Hernádi
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Long Term Evolution ◽  
Thermal Pain ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System ◽  
Rf Devices

Although the majority of mobile phone (MP) users do not attribute adverse effects on health or well-being to MP-emitted radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMFs), the exponential increase in the number of RF devices necessitates continuing research aimed at the objective investigation of such concerns. Here we investigated the effects of acute exposure from Long Term Evolution (LTE) MP EMFs on thermal pain threshold in healthy young adults. We use a protocol that was validated in a previous study in a capsaicin-induced hyperalgesia model and was also successfully used to show that exposure from an RF source mimicking a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) MP led to mildly stronger desensitization to repeated noxious thermal stimulation relative to the sham condition. Using the same experimental design, we did not find any effects of LTE exposure on thermal pain threshold. The present results, contrary to previous evidence obtained with the UMTS modulation, are likely to originate from placebo/nocebo effects and are unrelated to the brief acute LTE EMF exposure itself. The fact that this is dissimilar to our previous results on UMTS exposure implies that RF modulations might differentially affect pain perception and points to the necessity of further research on the topic.

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