Attenuating Photostress and Glare Disability in Pseudophakic Patients through the Addition of a Short-Wave Absorbing Filter

To evaluate the effects of filtering short wavelength light on visual performance under intense light conditions among pseudophakic patients previously implanted with a clear intraocular lens (IOL). This was a patient-masked, randomized crossover study conducted at 6 clinical sites in the United States between September 2013 and January 2014. One hundred fifty-four bilaterally pseudophakic patients were recruited. Photostress recovery time and glare disability thresholds were measured with clip-on blue-light-filtering and placebo (clear; no blue-light filtration) glasses worn over patients’ habitual correction. Photostress recovery time was quantified as the time necessary to regain sight of a grating target after intense light exposure. Glare disability threshold was assessed as the intensity of a white-light annulus necessary to obscure a central target. The order of filter used and test eye were randomized across patients. Photostress recovery time and glare disability thresholds were significantly improved (bothP<0.0001) when patients used blue-light-filtering glasses compared with clear, nonfiltering glasses. Compared with a nonfiltering placebo, adding a clip-on blue-absorbing filter to the glasses of pseudophakic patients implanted with clear IOLs significantly increased their ability to cope with glare and to recover normal viewing after an intensive photostress. This result implies that IOL designs with blue-light-filtering characteristics may be beneficial under intense light conditions.

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Influence of light on growth, conidiation and the mutual regulation of fumonisin B2 and ochratoxin A biosynthesis by Aspergillus niger

World Mycotoxin Journal ◽

10.3920/wmj2011.1364 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 169-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

F. Fanelli ◽

M. Schmidt-Heydt ◽

M. Haidukowski ◽

R. Geisen ◽

A. Logrieco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Ochratoxin A ◽

Blue Light ◽

Short Wave ◽

Light Conditions ◽

Dark Incubation ◽

Mutual Regulation ◽

Blue Wavelength ◽

Fumonisin B2 ◽

Dark Production

Aspergillus niger is a fungus able to produce the carcinogenic mycotoxins ochratoxin A (OTA) and fumonisins. We analysed the influence of light of various wavelengths on growth, conidiation, fumonisin B2 (FB2) and OTA biosynthesis by A. niger ITEM 7097. Light from both sides of the spectrum, from long (627 nm) to short wavelengths (470-455 nm), had a stimulating effect on growth, with the highest stimulation under blue (455 nm, 1,700 Lux) and short-wave blue light (390 nm). Conidiation was reduced by 40% under a short blue wavelength (455 nm, 200 Lux), but strongly promoted under light at an even shorter wavelength (390 nm), with an increase of about 200 fold in comparison to the dark. Production of FB2 and OTA was mutually regulated by light. FB2 production was promoted under light conditions: red and blue light in particular increased FB2 biosynthesis by 40%. Conversely, OTA production was greatly inhibited under red and blue light in comparison to dark incubation, with a mean reduction of about 40 fold, indicating a reverse regulation of both biosynthetic pathways. Incubation under a 390 nm wavelength repressed the production of both toxins to non-detectable levels.

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0079 Blue Light Exposure Enhances Neural Efficiency of the Task Positive Network During a Cognitive Interference Task

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.077 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A32-A32

Author(s):

W D Killgore ◽

N S Dailey ◽

A C Raikes ◽

J R Vanuk ◽

E Taylor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Performance ◽

Blue Light ◽

Performance Metrics ◽

Light Exposure ◽

Brain Activation ◽

Light Conditions ◽

Interference Task ◽

Neural Efficiency ◽

And Performance ◽

Task Positive Network

Abstract Introduction Light exposure has powerful effects on the circadian timing of sleep and wake, primarily through the regulation of the secretion of melatonin. However, it is becoming clear that light has additional alerting effects beyond its primary effect on the circadian system. Exposure to light, particularly blue-wavelength light, has been shown to acutely increase brain activation, alertness, and some elementary aspects of cognitive performance such as working memory and emotional anticipation during the day. Whether blue light exposure can have longer-lasting effects on brain activation and performance during more complex cognitive control tasks up to 30-minutes after light cessation is unknown. Methods In a sample of 30 healthy adults, we examined the effects of a single 30-minute exposure to either blue (n=14) or amber placebo (n=16) light on subsequent brain activation and performance during the Multi-Source Interference Task (MSIT) measured a half-hour after light cessation using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Mean activation in all regions showing increased task-related activation (i.e., Task Positive Network; TPN) and regions showing decreased activation (i.e., Default Mode Network; DMN) at p<.001 (FWE corrected) was extracted separately for each network in SPM12 and compared between light conditions. Results Performance metrics for the MSIT, including accuracy, response time, and cognitive throughput, did not differ between the blue and amber conditions, suggesting that performance was sustained equally between light conditions. However, brain activation within the TPN to the interference condition of the MSIT was significantly lower (p=.024) in the blue relative to the amber condition, with no group differences observed for suppression of the DMN. Conclusion Compared to amber, a single exposure to blue light was associated with enhanced neural efficiency a half-hour later as demonstrated by reduced TPN activation to achieve the same level of cognitive performance. Blue light may be an effective method for optimizing neurocognitive performance under some conditions. Support US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command: W81XWH-14-1-0571

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Nighttime Blue Light Exposure and Breast Cancer

Osteopathic Family Physician ◽

10.33181/13013 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 30-33

Author(s):

David Jaynes ◽

Paul Switzer

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Blue Light ◽

Shift Work ◽

Light Exposure ◽

Night Shift ◽

Background Information ◽

Common Disease ◽

Essential Information ◽

Night Shift Work

The purpose of this article is to provide background information and the current understanding of a less familiar cause of female breast cancer; exposure to ultraviolet light at night. Breast cancer is a common disease that causes significant morbidity and mortality in women. There are several risk factors for breast cancer, most of which are genetic and environmental in nature. An often-overlooked risk factor is exposure to blue light during night shift work, which decreases melatonin production. One of the many cancer-preventing properties of melatonin is to limit estrogen production. Increased lifetime exposure to estrogen is a well-known cause of breast cancer. Awareness of nighttime blue light exposure as a breast cancer risk factor by women doing night shift work and those exposed to nighttime light via smartphones and laptops, is essential information to know so that protective measures can be taken.

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Effects of pre-bedtime blue-light exposure on ratio of deep sleep in healthy young men

Sleep Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.sleep.2021.05.046 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Masao Ishizawa ◽

Takuya Uchiumi ◽

Miki Takahata ◽

Michiyasu Yamaki ◽

Toshiaki Sato

Keyword(s):

Blue Light ◽

Light Exposure ◽

Young Men ◽

Deep Sleep

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Investigation of Aerobic and Muscular Fitness and Concussion Among Service Academy Cadets at the United States Air Force Academy: Results from the CARE Consortium

Military Medicine ◽

10.1093/milmed/usab440 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kathryn L Van Pelt ◽

Laura Wolff ◽

Darren E Campbell ◽

Gerald McGinty ◽

Michael Zupan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Fitness ◽

Aerobic Fitness ◽

Recovery Time ◽

The United States ◽

Physical Fitness Test ◽

Fitness Test ◽

Recovery Duration ◽

Concussion Recovery ◽

Service Academy ◽

The Relationship

ABSTRACT Introduction Concussion has become the signature injury facing the U.S. military. However, little is understood about the relationship between military fitness and concussion recovery. The current study examined the recoveries of cadets at a U.S. Service Academy to determine whether preinjury physical fitness improved recovery and whether recovery was associated with post-injury physical fitness measures. Methods Participants were enrolled in a longitudinal study of concussion. Aerobic Fitness Test (AFT) and Physical Fitness Test (PFT) data were used to estimate cadet fitness. Survival analysis evaluated significant estimators of concussion recovery time. Linear regression models were used to explore the relationship between recovery duration and change in physical fitness scores. Results Between 2014 and 2017, 307 (n = 70; 22.80% Women) cadets who had sustained a concussion were enrolled. Preinjury physical fitness was not significantly associated with recovery duration (P > .05). Men and intercollegiate cadets took fewer days to reach recovery milestones. Compared to women, men had greater decrements in the Aerobic Fitness Test total score (P < .05) and increased 1.5-mile time postconcussion (P < .05). Women had greater decreases in push-ups postconcussion compared to males (P < .05). There was a trend for a negative association between days until asymptomatic and change in the Physical Fitness Test score (P = .07). Conclusion Preconcussion physical fitness levels do not appear to impact concussion recovery time among a highly physically fit cohort. Possible methods to reduce the effect of symptom duration on strength-related physical fitness should be investigated along with evaluating reductions in strength as a possible mechanism for postconcussion injury risk.

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Blue light-induced retinal damage: a brief review and a proposal for examining the hypothetical causal link between person digital device use and retinal injury

Medical Hypothesis, Discovery & Innovation in Optometry ◽

10.51329/mehdioptometry118 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 129-134

Author(s):

Michael R. Kozlowski

Keyword(s):

Blue Light ◽

Additional Data ◽

Light Exposure ◽

High Energy ◽

Causal Link ◽

Retinal Damage ◽

Digital Devices ◽

Retinal Injury ◽

Device Use ◽

Harmful Effects

Background: There is growing concern that the increased use of personal digital devices, which emit a high proportion of their light in the blue wavelengths, may have harmful effects on the retina. Extensive historical as well as current research demonstrates that exposure to high energy visible light (blue light) can damage the retina under certain circumstances. There are, however, no studies that directly address whether blue light at the intensities emitted by digital devices can potentially cause such harm. The present review aimed to examine whether blue light exposure from computers, tablets, and cell phones can, when used habitually over a prolonged period of time, be harmful to the retinal. Methods: A search of the literature on blue light-induced retinal damage was performed using a number of scientific search engines, including BioOne Complete™, Google Scholar™, Paperity™, PubMed™, and ScienceOpen™. Studies most significant for addressing the question of possible harmful effects of blue light emitted by personal digital devices were selected from this search and reviewed. Results: The data from the selected studies were summarized and their limitations in addressing the question of whether the blue light from personal digital devices is capable of producing retinal damage were addressed. Based on these limitations, a practical experimental protocol for collecting the additional data needed was proposed. Data from pilot experiments are presented that indicate the practicality of this approach. Conclusions: The currently available data on the effects of blue light on the retina are not sufficient to refute the hypothesis that the use of personal digital devices could, over a lifetime, produce retinal damage. Additional studies, such as those proposed in this article, are needed to resolve this issue.

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Interrelation between Qai’lullah, Blue Light Exposure and Neurocognitive Performances: A Short Review

Journal of Quranic Sciences and Research ◽

10.30880/jqsr.2021.02.02.001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 02 (02) ◽

Author(s):

Nur Farhana Fadzil ◽

◽

Siti Amira Othman ◽

Keyword(s):

Job Performance ◽

Blue Light ◽

Memory Consolidation ◽

Light Exposure ◽

Short Review ◽

High Energy ◽

Neurocognitive Performance ◽

Night Sleep ◽

Visual Contrast ◽

The World

Qai’lullah or napping is a phenomenon that is widely practiced in the world. Islam advocates mid-day napping as it is primarily practiced by the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). Scientists and scholars also acknowledge the benefits beyond this practice after various research and studies done. Hence, this article emphasizes topic of sleep in Islamic insight, their stages of sleeps according to Quran and the practiced of Qai’lullah or mid-day napping. The high-energy blue light exposure from the natural source, Sun and also digital screens reported reduce visual contrast and affect the sharpness and clarity by creating glares lead to mental and physical fatigue. Thus, a short nap in the mid-afternoon helps to boost memory, lift our mood, and improve job performance. The effect associated with qai’lullah are also being reviewed including improved the neurocognitive performance, alertness, recover the loss night sleep and enhanced the quality and increased memory consolidation in people.

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