scholarly journals Glucose Metabolism Effects of Vitamin D in Prediabetes: The VitDmet Randomized Placebo-Controlled Supplementation Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen ◽  
Jyrki K. Virtanen ◽  
Sari Voutilainen ◽  
Tarja Nurmi ◽  
Jaakko Mursu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D

Epidemiological evidence suggests a role for vitamin D in type 2 diabetes prevention. We investigated the effects of vitamin D3supplementation on glucose metabolism and inflammation in subjects with prediabetes. A 5-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention with three arms (placebo, 40 μg/d, or 80 μg/d vitamin D3) was carried out among sixty-eight overweight (BMI 25–35) and aging (≥60 years) subjects from Finland, with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3[25(OH)D3] < 75 nmol/L and either impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance. Analyses included 66 subjects who completed the trial. Glucose metabolism was evaluated by fasting and 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test-derived indices and glycated hemoglobin. Inflammation was evaluated by high-sensitive C-reactive protein and five cytokines. Although a dose-dependent increase in serum 25(OH)D3over the supplementation period was observed (Ptrend < 0.001), there were no other statistically significant differences in changes in the 13 glucose homeostasis indicators between the study groups other than increase in the 120 min glucose concentration (Ptrend = 0.021) and a decreasing trend both in 30 min plasma insulin (Ptrend = 0.030) and glycated hemoglobin (Ptrend = 0.024) concentrations. A borderline statistically significant decreasing trend in interleukin-1 receptor antagonist concentration was observed (P= 0.070). Vitamin D3supplementation does not improve glucose metabolism in ageing subjects with prediabetes but may have modest anti-inflammatory effects.

scholarly journals Vitamin D, Gestational Diabetes, and Measures of Glucose Metabolism in a Population-Based Multiethnic Cohort

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åse Ruth Eggemoen ◽  
Christin Wiegels Waage ◽  
Line Sletner ◽  
Hanne L. Gulseth ◽  
Kåre I. Birkeland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Multiethnic Population ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Objective. We explored associations between maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status during pregnancy and gestational diabetes (GDM) and other measures of glucose metabolism. Methods. We analysed 25(OH)D at 15 and 28 gestational weeks (GW) in 745 multiethnic pregnant women attending antenatal care units in Oslo, Norway, between 2008 and 2010. GDM was diagnosed with a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test at 28 GW. Separate regression analyses were performed to investigate associations between 25(OH)D and GDM and measures of glucose metabolism. Results. A higher proportion of ethnic minority women had GDM (p<0.01) and low 25(OH)D (p<0.01) compared to Europeans. In logistic regression analyses, 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L was associated with GDM after adjusting for age, parity, education, and season (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.1–2.2). After additional adjustments for variables reflecting fat mass (skinfolds or BMI) and ethnicity, the association disappeared with ethnicity having a much stronger effect than the adiposity variables. We got similar results exploring effects on other measures of glucose metabolism and when change in 25(OH)D from inclusion to 28 GW was taken into account. Conclusions. Vitamin D deficiency was not associated with GDM or glucose metabolism in a multiethnic population-based study, after adjustments for confounding factors, in particular ethnicity.

scholarly journals Use of carnosine in the prevention of cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese individuals: study protocol for a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled trial

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e043680
Author(s):  
Kirthi Menon ◽  
James D Cameron ◽  
Maximilian de Courten ◽  
Barbora de Courten
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Double Blind

IntroductionCarnosine, an over the counter food supplement, has been shown to improve glucose metabolism as well as cardiovascular risk factors in animal and human studies through its anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antiglycating and chelating properties. The aim of this study is to establish if carnosine supplementation improves obesity, insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, cardiovascular risk factors including arterial stiffness and endothelial function, and other risk factors related to diabetes and cardiovascular disease in the overweight and obese population.Methods and analysisFifty participants will be recruited to be enrolled in a double-blind randomised controlled trial. Eligible participants with a body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 40 kg/m2 will be randomly assigned to the intervention or placebo group. Following a medical review and oral glucose tolerance test to check eligibility, participants will then undergo testing. At baseline, participants will have anthropometric measurements (BMI, dual X-ray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative CT scan), measurements of glucose metabolism (oral glucose tolerance test, intravenous glucose tolerance test and euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp), cardiovascular measurements (central blood pressure, endothelial function and arterial stiffness), a muscle and fat biopsy, physical activity measurement, liver fibroscan, cognitive function and questionnaires to assess dietary habits, sleep quality, depression, and quality of life. Following baseline assessments, participants will be randomised to either 2 g carnosine or placebo for 15 weeks. In the 15th week, all assessments will be repeated. The preplanned outcome metric is the change between baseline and follow-up measures.Ethics and disseminationThis study is approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of Monash Health and Monash University, Australia.Trial registration numberNCT02686996.

scholarly journals Baseline Characteristics of Participants in a Randomized Controlled Trial of Metformin for Frailty Prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 130-131
Author(s):  
Tiffany Cortes ◽  
Nicolas Musi ◽  
Chen-pin Wang ◽  
Joel Michalek ◽  
Sara Espinoza
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Insulin Clamp ◽  
And Function

Abstract We are conducting a double-blind, randomized controlled trial of metformin for frailty prevention. Participants are adults aged 65+ years with pre-diabetes assessed by 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Those who are frail (Fried criteria) are excluded. Participants are randomized to metformin (maximum dose of 2,000 mg/day) vs. placebo and followed for 2 years. The primary outcome is frailty (category and score); secondary outcomes are physical performance and function (short physical performance battery, 6-minute walk, lower extremity strength), systemic and skeletal muscle tissue inflammation, muscle insulin signaling, insulin sensitivity (insulin clamp), glucose tolerance (OGTT), and body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry). Safety assessments occur every 3 months; frailty, systemic inflammation, and OGTT are assessed at baseline and every 6 months, and insulin clamp with muscle biopsies are assessed at baseline and every 12 months. To date, 85 subjects have been randomized; 120 completers are planned. Mean age is 72.8 ± 5.7 years, 55.3% are male, and 43.5% were Hispanic. Mean BMI is 30.2±5.8 kg/m2, waist circumference is 104.4 ±15.5 cm, fasting glucose is 102.3 ± 10.0 mg/dL, Hemoglobin A1c is 5.8 ±0.3, and glucose at 2 hours during OGTT is 167.3 ± 17.8 mg/dL. Metformin is being examined in this study as a potential therapeutic agent to prevent frailty in older adults with pre-diabetes. Findings from this trial may have future implications for the screening and potential treatment of pre-diabetes in older patients with metformin for the prevention of frailty.

scholarly journals Fructose Consumption Contributes to Hyperinsulinemia in Adolescents With Obesity Through a GLP-1–Mediated Mechanism

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (8) ◽  
pp. 3481-3490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Galderisi ◽  
Cosimo Giannini ◽  
Michelle Van Name ◽  
Sonia Caprio
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Ingestion

Abstract Context The consumption of high-fructose beverages is associated with a higher risk for obesity and diabetes. Fructose can stimulate glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretion in lean adults, in the absence of any anorexic effect. Objective We hypothesized that the ingestion of glucose and fructose may differentially stimulate GLP-1 and insulin response in lean adolescents and adolescents with obesity. Design We studied 14 lean adolescents [four females; 15.9 ± 1.6 years of age; body mass index (BMI), 21.8 ± 2.2 kg/m2] and 23 adolescents with obesity (five females; 15.1 ± 1.6 years of age; BMI, 34.5 ± 4.6 kg/m2). Participants underwent a baseline oral glucose tolerance test to determine their glucose tolerance and estimate insulin sensitivity and β-cell function [oral disposition index (oDIcpep)]. Eligible subjects received, in a double-blind, crossover design, 75 g of glucose or fructose. Plasma was obtained every 10 minutes for 60 minutes for the measures of glucose, insulin, and GLP-1 (radioimmunoassay) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP; ELISA). Incremental glucose and hormone levels were compared between lean individuals and those with obesity by a linear mixed model. The relationship between GLP-1 increment and oDIcpep was evaluated by regression analysis. Results Following the fructose challenge, plasma glucose excursions were similar in both groups, yet the adolescents with obesity exhibited a greater insulin (P &lt; 0.001) and GLP-1 (P &lt; 0.001) increase than did their lean peers. Changes in GIP were similar in both groups. After glucose ingestion, the GLP-1 response (P &lt; 0.001) was higher in the lean group. The GLP-1 increment during 60 minutes from fructose drink was correlated with a lower oDIcpep (r2 = 0.22, P = 0.009). Conclusion Fructose, but not glucose, ingestion elicits a higher GLP-1 and insulin response in adolescents with obesity than in lean adolescents. Fructose consumption may contribute to the hyperinsulinemic phenotype of adolescent obesity through a GLP-1–mediated mechanism.

scholarly journals Influence of Cinnamon on Glycemic Control in Individuals With Prediabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio R Romeo ◽  
Junhee Lee ◽  
Christopher M Mulla ◽  
Youngmin Noh ◽  
Casey Holden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Favorable Safety

Abstract Context The identification of adjunct safe, durable, and cost-effective approaches to reduce the progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a clinically relevant, unmet goal. It is unknown whether cinnamon’s glucose-lowering properties can be leveraged in individuals with prediabetes. Objective The objective of this work is to investigate the effects of cinnamon on measures of glucose homeostasis in prediabetes. Design, Setting, Participants, and Intervention This double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial randomly assigned adult individuals meeting any criteria for prediabetes to receive cinnamon 500 mg or placebo thrice daily (n = 27/group). Participants were enrolled and followed at 2 academic centers for 12 weeks. Main Outcome Measures Primary outcome was the between-group difference in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) at 12 weeks from baseline. Secondary end points included the change in 2-hour PG of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and the change in the PG area under the curve (AUC) derived from the OGTT. Results From a similar baseline, FPG rose after 12 weeks with placebo but remained stable with cinnamon, leading to a mean between-group difference of 5 mg/dL (P &lt; .05). When compared to the respective baseline, cinnamon, but not placebo, resulted in a significant decrease of the AUC PG (P &lt; .001) and of the 2-hour PG of the OGTT (P &lt; .05). There were no serious adverse events in either study group. Conclusions In individuals with prediabetes, 12 weeks of cinnamon supplementation improved FPG and glucose tolerance, with a favorable safety profile. Longer and larger studies should address cinnamon’s effects on the rate of progression from prediabetes to T2D.

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