scholarly journals Isolation and Molecular Characterization ofBrucellaIsolates in Cattle Milk in Uganda

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Rwabiita Mugizi ◽  
Shaman Muradrasoli ◽  
Sofia Boqvist ◽  
Joseph Erume ◽  
George William Nasinyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Infected Cattle ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Epidemiological Tool ◽  
The World

Brucellosis is endemic in livestock and humans in Uganda and its transmission involves a multitude of risk factors like consumption of milk from infected cattle. To shed new light on the epidemiology of brucellosis in Uganda the present study used phenotypic and molecular approaches to delineate theBrucellaspecies, biovars, and genotypes shed in cattle milk.Brucella abortuswithout a biovar designation was isolated from eleven out of 207 milk samples from cattle in Uganda. These isolates had a genomic monomorphism at 16 variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) loci and showed in turn high levels of genetic variation when compared with other African strains or otherB. abortusbiovars from other parts of the world. This study further highlights the usefulness of MLVA as an epidemiological tool for investigation ofBrucellainfections.

scholarly journals Examination of Taxonomic Uncertainties Surrounding Brucella abortus bv. 7 by Phenotypic and Molecular Approaches

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 1570-1579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Garin-Bastuji ◽  
Virginie Mick ◽  
Gilles Le Carrou ◽  
Sebastien Allix ◽  
Lorraine L. Perrett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Epidemiological Methods ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Phenotypic Profile ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Content Classification ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Kenyan Strain

ABSTRACTBrucellataxonomy is perpetually being reshuffled, at both the species and intraspecies levels. Biovar 7 ofBrucella abortuswas suspended from theApproved Lists of Bacterial NamesBrucellaclassification in 1988, because of unpublished evidence that the reference strain 63/75 was a mixture ofB. abortusbiovars 3 and 5. To formally clarify the situation, all isolates previously identified asB. abortusbv. 7 in the AHVLA and ANSES strain collections were characterized by classical microbiological and multiple molecular approaches. Among the 14 investigated strains, including strain 63/75, only four strains, isolated in Kenya, Turkey, and Mongolia, were pure and showed a phenotypic profile in agreement with the former biovar 7, particularly agglutination with both anti-A/anti-M monospecific sera. These results were strengthened by molecular strategies. Indeed, genus- and species-specific methods allowed confirmation that the four pure strains belonged to theB. abortusspecies. The combination of most approaches excluded their affiliation with the recognized biovars (biovars 1 to 6 and 9), while some suggested that they were close to biovar 3.These assays were complemented by phylogenetic and/or epidemiological methods, such as multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) and variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis. The results of this polyphasic investigation allow us to propose the reintroduction of biovar 7 into theBrucellaclassification, with at least three representative strains. Interestingly, the Kenyan strain, sharing the same biovar 7 phenotype, was genetically divergent from other three isolates. These discrepancies illustrate the complexity ofBrucellataxonomy. This study suggests that worldwide collections could include strains misidentified asB. abortusbv. 7, and it highlights the need to verify their real taxonomic position.

scholarly journals CONVENTIONAL PCR BASED DETECTION OF Brucella abortus INFECTED CATTLE IN SOME SELECTED AREAS OF BANGLADESH

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
M. A. S. Sarker ◽  
M. M. Begum ◽  
M. F. Rahman ◽  
M. T. Islam ◽  
L. Yasmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intracellular Bacteria ◽  
Infected Cattle ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
Conventional Pcr ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
High Prevalence

    Brucella spp. are facultative intracellular bacteria causing chronic disease which may persist for the whole life of the affected organism. In animals brucellosis affects reproduction, fertility and reduces newborns survival and also milk production. The present research was carried out to estimate the prevalence and to identify the risk factors of brucellosis along with determination of genetic diversity in Bangladesh. In CCBS&DF (government farm) out of 191 cows the MRT prevalence (positive) was 7.85% and RBT prevalence (positive) was 7.33%. In Rangpur out of 238 cows the MRT prevalence (positive) was 1.88% and RBT prevalence is 1.56%. In Jamalpur out of 201 cows the MRT prevalence was 1.49% and RBT prevalence 0.05%. In Gaibandha out of 93 cows the MRT prevalence was 1.07% and RBT prevalence 0%. In Mymensingh out of 320 cows the MRT prevalence was 1.88% and RBT prevalence 1.56%. Among the five groups of cows the high prevalence of MRT and RBT prevalence was in Government Farm 7.85% and 7.33%. On the other hand the lower prevalence in cows of Gaibandha which was MRT and RBT 1.07% and 0% respectively and followed by Jamalpur  MRT 1.49% and RBT 0.50%, in Rangpur MRT 1.68% and RBT 1.26%, and in Mymensingh district  MRT 1.88%  and RBT 1.56%. The prevalence of brucellosis was significantly (p<0.01) higher in CCBS&DF than all district (Table 8). Out of 14 MRT and RBT positive milk samples of CCBS&DF (21.43%) were PCR positive but all other 9 such samples originated from Jamalpur, Rangpur, Gaibandha and Mymensingh districts were PCR negative.

scholarly journals Approaches to gene mapping in complex disorders and their application in child psychiatry and psychology

2001 ◽  
Vol 179 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Asherson ◽  
Sarah Curran
Keyword(s):  
Reading Disability ◽  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Chromosome 15 ◽  
Complex Disorders ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Genes And Environment

BackgroundTwin studies demonstrate the importance of genes and environment in the aetiology of childhood psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. Advances in molecular genetics enable the identification of genes involved in complex disorders and enable the study of molecular mechanisms and gene–environment interactions.AimsTo review the role of molecular genetics studies in childhood behavioural and developmental traits.MethodMolecular approaches to complex disorders are reviewed, with examples from autism, reading disability and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).ResultsThe most robust finding in ADHD is the association of a variable number tandem repeat polymorphism in exon 3 of the DRD4 gene. Other replicated associations with ADHD are outlined in the text. In autism, there is a replicated linkage finding on chromosome 7. Linkage studies in reading disability have confirmed a locus on chromosome 6 and strongly suggest one on chromosome 15.ConclusionsIn the next 5–10 years susceptibility genes for these disorders will be established. Describing their relationship to biological and behavioural function will be a far greater challenge.

The effects of child maltreatment and polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter and dopamine D4 receptor genes on infant attachment and intervention efficacy

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dante Cicchetti ◽  
Fred A. Rogosch ◽  
Sheree L. Toth
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Serotonin Transporter ◽  
Attachment Security ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Strange Situation ◽  
Infant Attachment ◽  
Intervention Efficacy ◽  
D4 Receptor ◽  
The Stability

AbstractThis investigation examined the extent to which polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR) and the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) genes differentially influenced the development of attachment security and disorganization in maltreated and nonmaltreated infants at age 13 months, and the extent to which the efficacy of preventive interventions to promote attachment security were influenced by genetic variation. The sample consisted of 106 infants from maltreating families, participating in a randomized control trial evaluating the efficacy of two interventions, child–parent psychotherapy and psychoeducational parenting intervention, and 47 infants from nonmaltreating families. DNA samples were genotyped for polymorphisms of5-HTTLPR,DRD4exon III variable number tandem repeat, andDRD4-521. Attachment organization at age 1 and at age 2 was assessed with the Strange Situation for all participants, prior to and following the completion of the interventions. High rates of disorganized attachment were observed in the maltreatment compared to the nonmaltreatment group, and both interventions resulted in increased rates of attachment security at age 2. Genetic variation did not influence improvement in attachment organization among maltreated infants. Among maltreated infants, genetic variation had minimal effect on attachment organization. In contrast, among nonmaltreated infants,5-HTTLPRandDRD4polymorphisms influenced attachment security and disorganization at age 2 and the stability of attachment disorganization over time.

scholarly journals Development of Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis for the Molecular Subtyping of Enterobacter sakazakii

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 1223-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Mullane ◽  
M. Ryan ◽  
C. Iversen ◽  
M. Murphy ◽  
P. O'Gaora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Enterobacter Sakazakii ◽  
Multiple Locus ◽  
Epidemiological Tool ◽  
Genescan Analysis ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeats ◽  
Multiple Locus Vntr Analysis

ABSTRACT The genomic content of Enterobacter sakazakii strain ATCC BAA-894 was analyzed for variable-number tandem repeats (VNTRs). In this study we report the development of a multiple-locus VNTR analysis (MLVA) strategy for the subtyping of E. sakazakii. The method is based on a GeneScan analysis of four VNTR loci labeled with multiple fluorescent dyes. This approach was applied to a collection of 112 isolates representing all 16 of the currently defined E. sakazakii biogroups. MLVA successfully discriminated among these isolates and compared favorably with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The method was relatively fast and easy to perform. The potential value of MLVA as an epidemiological tool is discussed.

Investigation of a genetic variation of a variable number tandem repeat polymorphism of interleukin-6 gene in patients with multiple sclerosis

2003 ◽  
Vol 250 (5) ◽  
pp. 607-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Schmidt ◽  
Andreas Papassotiropoulos ◽  
Stefano Sotgiu ◽  
Heike K�lsch ◽  
Giannina Arru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Repeat Polymorphism ◽  
Tandem Repeat Polymorphism

scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiology Characteristics of Brucella Abortus Strains in China and Their Relationships With World Lineages

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu-Ming Wang ◽  
Zhongzhi Zhao ◽  
Miao Wang ◽  
Buyun Cui ◽  
Zhiguo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Snp Analysis ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Geographic Origins ◽  
Epidemic Area

Abstract Background Brucella abortus is a facultative intracellular Gram-negative bacterium that causes chronic persistent infections in humans and livestock. In this study, conventional bio-typing, multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), and whole-genome sequencing-single-nucleotide polymorphism (WGS-SNP) were used to investigate the molecular epidemiology characteristics of Brucella abortus strains in China and their relationships to world lineages. Results A total of 100 strains were collected from 1953 to 2013, suggesting that B. abortus circulated in China in the past five decades. Moreover, most strains were mainly distributed in the Northwest areas, suggest that provinces in the Northwest were a dominant epidemic area of this disease. During this period, seven biovars were found, indicating that B. abortus had a high diversity of biovars and it is also a potential reason for the disease ongoing spread in the Northern provinces. Strains have high genetic diversity, and bruce07 is the most helpful locus for genotyping of this population. Moreover, 17 MLVA-11 genotypes were found; 13 of them are of known genotypes and four are unassigned genotypes, indicating that B. abortus in this study had several geographic origins. Still, strains from unassigned genotypes may originate from China. Many shared MLVA-16 genotypes were observed in strains from the same provinces in Northern China, which confirmed a B. abortus brucellosis outbreak within Northern regions. WGS-SNP analysis showed that eight Chinese strains formed a ladder-like phylogram (C. Ⅶ) with strains from nine countries, including Uganda, Iraq, Russia, Georgia, Spain, Italy, Egypt, Mongolia, and China; suggest that strains were introduced to these countries from a single source. Conclusions Chinese B. abortus strains had high biovars and genetic diversity as well as represent characteristics of multiple geographic origins, and B. abortus strains from several mainly epidemic areas were closely related to strains from Russia and Mongolia; frequent animal (cattle) trade and exchanges may promote this process. We will provide new and valuable information to strengthening surveillance and control of B. abortus brucellosis in China.

scholarly journals Genetic stability of Brucella abortus isolates from an outbreak by multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA16)

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Maria Dorneles ◽  
Jordana Santana ◽  
Telma Alves ◽  
Rebeca Pauletti ◽  
Juliana Pinto da Silva Mol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Genetic Stability ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Multiple Locus ◽  
Repeat Analysis

scholarly journals Link between Geographical Origin and Occurrence of Brucella abortus Biovars in Cow and Water Buffalo Herds

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 1039-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgia Borriello ◽  
Simone Peletto ◽  
Maria G. Lucibelli ◽  
Pier L. Acutis ◽  
Danilo Ercolini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
National Plan ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Repeat Analysis ◽  
Management Procedures

ABSTRACTSixty-threeBrucellaisolates from water buffaloes and cattle slaughtered within the Italian national plan for brucellosis control were characterized by multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). Genotyping indicated a strong influence of geographic origin on theBrucella abortusbiovar distribution in areas where brucellosis is endemic and highlighted the importance of rigorous management procedures aimed at avoiding inter- and intraherd spreading of pathogens.

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