Fluorescent Gold Nanoclusters: Synthesis and Recent Biological Application

Fluorescent gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) have been extensively studied due to their unique construction and distinctive properties, which place them between single metal atoms and larger nanoparticles. The dimension of AuNCs is comparable to the Fermi wavelength of electrons, which lead to size-dependent fluorescence and other molecule-like properties. In this review, we summarize various synthesis strategies of fluorescent AuNCs and recent advances of biological applications such as biosensing, biolabeling, and bioimaging. The synthetic methods are considered as two routes: “Atoms to Clusters” and “Nanoparticles to Clusters.” The surface functionalization of AuNCs is described as the precondition for making future bioapplications possible, which can eventually influence their stability, biocompatibility, and other properties. And then we focus on the recent advances of AuNCs-based applications in biological sensing, biolabeling, and bioimaging and finally discuss the current challenges of AuNCs in controllable synthesis and biological application.

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Fabrication of Fluorescent Cellular Probes: Hybrid Dendrimer/Gold Nanoclusters

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-1007-s15-07 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 1007 ◽

Author(s):

Chang Zhong ◽

Yuping Bao ◽

Dung M. Vu ◽

R. Brian Dyer ◽

Jennifer S. Martinez

Keyword(s):

Noble Metal ◽

Gold Nanoclusters ◽

Water Soluble ◽

High Yield ◽

Reaction Yield ◽

Biological Applications ◽

Metal Nanoclusters ◽

Proof Of Concept ◽

Size Dependent ◽

Metal Atoms

ABSTRACTFluorescent metal nanoclusters, which consist of collections of small numbers of noble metal atoms, are of great interest in photochemistry and photophysics due to their strong size-dependent emission. Historically their generation was confined to gaseous and solid phases; however, recently a unique organic/inorganic hybrid materials approach was developed that utilizes dendrimers as templates to protect nanoclusters from solution based fluorescence quenching. These hybrid dendrimer/gold nanoclusters are water-soluble and highly fluorescent. Yet there are several intrinsic deficiencies in their synthetic method: first, NaBH4, a toxic chemical, was used as reducing agent in the reaction; and second, the reaction yield was low due to the concurrent formation of large, non-emissive, gold particles. Here we report a particle-free method to produce dendrimer-encapsulated gold nanoclusters in high-yield. Proof of concept is demonstrated using OH-terminated poly(amidoamine) dendrimer and Au(PX3)3Cl (X = Ph, Me), but the approach can also be extended to the combination of other dendrimers and organic noble metal salts. Our approach yields fluorescent clusters with homogeneous size distribution. These clusters can be transferred to aqueous solution and used directly for biological applications.

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A REVIEW ON RECENT ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY, SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF ISATIN DERIVATIVES

Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research ◽

10.31069/japsr.v1i2.13063 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 16-22

Author(s):

Shukla PK ◽

Singh MP ◽

Patel R

Keyword(s):

Heterocyclic Compounds ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Biological Applications ◽

Plant Origin ◽

Recent Past ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Recent Advances ◽

Biological Aspects ◽

Isatin Derivatives

Indole and its derivatives have engaged a unique place in the chemistry of nitrogen heterocyclic compounds. The recognition of the plant growthhormone, heteroauxin, the significant amino acids, tryptamine & tryptophan and anti-inflammatory drug, indomethacine are the imperativederivatives of indole which have added stimulus to this review work. Isatin (1H-indole-2,3-dione), an indole derivative of plant origin. Althoughit is a naturally occurring compound, but was synthesized by Erdmann and Laurent in 1840 before it was found in nature. Isatin is a versatileprecursor for many biologically active molecules and its diversified nature makes it a versatile substrate for further modifications. It is concernedin many pharmacological activities like anti-malarial, antiviral, anti-allergic, antimicrobial etc; isatin and its derivatives have been also found todemonstrate promising outcomes against various cancer cell lines. This review provides a brief overview on the recent advances and futureperspectives on chemistry and biological aspects of isatin and its derivatives reported in the recent past.

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Engineering fluorescent semiconducting polymer nanoparticles for biological applications and beyond

Chemical Communications ◽

10.1039/d0cc07182j ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (16) ◽

pp. 1989-2004

Author(s):

Junyong Sun ◽

Qiang Zhang ◽

Xiaomei Dai ◽

Pinghua Ling ◽

Feng Gao

Keyword(s):

Polymer Nanoparticles ◽

Biological Applications ◽

Semiconducting Polymer ◽

Recent Advances ◽

Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles

We summarize the recent advances in engineering approaches to obtain functionalized semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) for biological applications. The challenges and outlook of fabricating functionalized SPNs are also provided.

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α-Aminoboronates: recent advances in their preparation and synthetic applications

Chemical Society Reviews ◽

10.1039/d1cs00423a ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wenbo Ming ◽

Harjeet S. Soor ◽

Xiaocui Liu ◽

Alina Trofimova ◽

Andrei K. Yudin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Building Blocks ◽

Synthetic Methods ◽

Mechanistic Explanations ◽

Recent Advances

This review summarizes new methodology for the synthesis of α-aminoboronates, including asymmetric synthetic methods and mechanistic explanations of reactivity. Applications of α-aminoboronates as versatile synthetic building blocks are also discussed.

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Advanced Microfluidic Technologies for Lipid Nano-Microsystems from Synthesis to Biological Application

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics14010141 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 141

Author(s):

Bruna Carvalho ◽

Bruno Ceccato ◽

Mariano Michelon ◽

Sang Han ◽

Lucimara de la Torre

Keyword(s):

Lipid Nanoparticles ◽

Future Trends ◽

Biological Applications ◽

Biological Application ◽

Shell Nanoparticles ◽

Cellular Environment ◽

Wide Range ◽

Core Shell Nanoparticles ◽

New Strategies ◽

Lipid Structures

Microfluidics is an emerging technology that can be employed as a powerful tool for designing lipid nano-microsized structures for biological applications. Those lipid structures can be used as carrying vehicles for a wide range of drugs and genetic materials. Microfluidic technology also allows the design of sustainable processes with less financial demand, while it can be scaled up using parallelization to increase production. From this perspective, this article reviews the recent advances in the synthesis of lipid-based nanostructures through microfluidics (liposomes, lipoplexes, lipid nanoparticles, core-shell nanoparticles, and biomimetic nanovesicles). Besides that, this review describes the recent microfluidic approaches to produce lipid micro-sized structures as giant unilamellar vesicles. New strategies are also described for the controlled release of the lipid payloads using microgels and droplet-based microfluidics. To address the importance of microfluidics for lipid-nanoparticle screening, an overview of how microfluidic systems can be used to mimic the cellular environment is also presented. Future trends and perspectives in designing novel nano and micro scales are also discussed herein.

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ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Chemistry of the Group 13 Metals: Hydride Derivatives and Compounds Involving Multiply Bonded Group 13 Metal Atoms

ChemInform ◽

10.1002/chin.199947272 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 30 (47) ◽

pp. no-no

Author(s):

Anthony J. Downs

Keyword(s):

Group 13 ◽

Metal Atoms ◽

Recent Advances ◽

Multiply Bonded

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Recent Advances in Synthesis of 4-Arylcoumarins

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23102417 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (10) ◽

pp. 2417 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Jong-Wha Jung ◽

Nam-Jung Kim ◽

Hwayoung Yun ◽

Young Han

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Synthetic Methods ◽

Metal Catalysis ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Recent Advances ◽

Formation Type ◽

Privileged Scaffold ◽

Acid Catalyzed ◽

A Minor ◽

Synthetic Approaches

4-Arylcoumarins (4-aryl-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one), also known as neoflavones, comprise a minor subclass of naturally occurring flavonoids. Because of their broad-spectrum biological activities, arylcoumarins have been attracting the attention of the organic and medicinal chemistry communities, and are considered as an important privileged scaffold. Since the development of Pechmann condensation, a classical acid-catalyzed condensation between phenol and β-keto-carboxylic acid, several versatile and efficient synthetic approaches for 4-arylcoumarins have been reported. This review summarizes recent advances in the synthesis of the 4-arylcoumarin scaffold by classifying them based on the final bond-formation type. In particular, synthetic methods executed under mild and highly efficient conditions, such as solvent-free reactions and transition metal catalysis, are highlighted.

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