scholarly journals Bidens pilosaFormulation Improves Blood Homeostasis andβ-Cell Function in Men: A Pilot Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bun-Yueh Lai ◽  
Tzung-Yan Chen ◽  
Shou-Hsien Huang ◽  
Tien-Fen Kuo ◽  
Ting-Hsiang Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fasting Serum ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Animal Models Of Diabetes

B. pilosahas long been purported to have antidiabetes activity, but despite the advancement in phytochemistry and animal models of diabetes, no human clinical trials have been conducted to date. Here, we evaluated the effect of aB. pilosaformulation on fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting serum insulin, and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)in diabetic subjects. TheB. pilosaformulation reduced the level of FBG andHbA1cin diabetics but increased fasting serum insulin in healthy subjects. Moreover, combination ofB. pilosaformulation with antidiabetic drugs had better glycemic control in diabetics. The homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) data suggested that the antidiabetic activity of this formulation was via improvement ofβ-cell function. We also tested the safety of theB. pilosaformulation in healthy subjects and observed no obvious side effects. We conclude thatB. pilosahas potential as an antidiabetes treatment.

scholarly journals Decreased Insulin Secretion but Unchanged Glucose Homeostasis in Cadmium-Exposed Male C57BL/6 Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyin Li ◽  
Mengyang Li ◽  
Jiming Xu ◽  
Xiang zhang ◽  
Wei Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Pancreatic Tissue ◽  
Fasting Serum ◽  
Cd Exposure

Cadmium (Cd) is a well-known toxic metal element that is largely distributed in the environment. Cd causes toxicity to most organs. Accumulating evidence suggests that Cd exposure is associated with islet dysfunction and development of diabetes, but the association remains controversial. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible effects of chronic Cd exposure on glucose metabolism in male C57BL/6 mice. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with CdCl2 solution (1 mg.kg−1) twice a week for 24 weeks. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels and body weights were measured weekly. After 24 weeks, the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test (IPITT), and fasting serum insulin (FSI) level test were performed. The insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and pancreatic β cell function index (HOMA-β) were calculated and analyzed. The expression of insulin receptor (IR) in mouse liver was detected by real-time PCR. Pancreatic tissue was collected for histological examination. The results demonstrated that FBG, IPGTT, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-β were identical between Cd exposure and control mice. In contract, mean fasting serum insulin level, area under the curve (AUC) of IPITT, and IR expression in livers of Cd-exposed mice decreased significantly compared with control mice. Cd administration induced islet atrophy and decreased islet area. The results suggested that Cd exposure decreased insulin secretion and maintained glucose homeostasis in male C57BL/6 mice and that pancreatic functions should be monitored in populations chronically exposed to Cd.

scholarly journals The anti-diabetic effects of NAG-1/GDF15 on HFD/STZ-induced mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pattawika Lertpatipanpong ◽  
Jaehak Lee ◽  
Ilju Kim ◽  
Thomas Eling ◽  
Seung Yeon Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Diabetic Mouse ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Beta Cell Area

AbstractNonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene-1 (NAG-1) plays a role in various diseases. Here, the anti-diabetic effects of NAG-1 were evaluated using a high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse model. NAG-1-overexpressing transgenic (NAG-1 Tg) mice exhibited lower body weight, fasting blood glucose levels, and serum insulin levels than wild-type (WT) mice. The homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance scores of NAG-1 Tg mice were lower than those of WT mice. Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed a smaller lipid droplet size in the adipose tissues, lower lipid accumulation in the hepatocytes, and larger beta cell area in the pancreas of NAG-1 Tg mice than in those of WT mice. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed downregulated expression of cleaved caspase-3, an apoptosis marker, in the beta cells of NAG-1 Tg mice. Adiponectin and leptin mRNA levels were upregulated and downregulated in NAG-1 Tg mice, respectively. Additionally, the expression of IRS1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway components, especially Foxo1, which regulates gluconeogenesis in the muscle and white adipose tissue, was downregulated in NAG-1 Tg mice. Furthermore, NAG-1 overexpression promoted the expression of As160 in both muscles and adipocytes, and the mRNA levels of the NLRP3 pathway members were downregulated in NAG-1 Tg mice. Our findings suggest that NAG-1 expression alleviates diabetes in mice.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic Activity of Benzopyrone Analogues in Nicotinamide-Streptozotocin Induced Type 2 Diabetes in Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogendra Nayak ◽  
Venkatachalam Hillemane ◽  
Vijay Kumar Daroji ◽  
B. S. Jayashree ◽  
M. K. Unnikrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Liver Homogenate ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment

Benzopyrones are proven antidiabetic drug candidate in diabetic drug discovery. In this view novel synthetic benzopyrone analogues were selected for testing in experimental diabetes. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) was induced in Wistar rats by streptozotocin (60 mg/kg, i.p.) followed by nicotinamide (120 mg/kg i.p.). Rats having fasting blood glucose (FBG) >200 mg/dL, 7 days after T2D-induction, are selected for the study. Test compounds and standard treatment were continued for 15 days. FBG, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were determined on 21st day after induction of T2D. Plasma lipids and serum insulin were estimated. Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) was then calculated from serum insulin. Rats were sacrificed and pancreas was isolated for histopathological observations. Oxidative stress markers were estimated in liver homogenate. Quercetin, a natural product with benzopyrone ring, showed significant hypoglycemic activity comparable to glibenclamide. Treatment with test compounds lowered the FBG and insulin resistance was significant alleviated as determined by OGTT, HOMA-IR, and ITT. There was significant normalisation of liver antioxidant enzymes compared to diabetic rats indicating that all the synthesised benzopyrone analogues are beneficial in reducing oxidative stress and are on par with the standard quercetin and glibenclamide in experimental T2D.

scholarly journals Glycaemic status and insulin resistance in diabetic peripheral neuropathy

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
Taslima Akter ◽  
Qazi Shamima Akhter ◽  
Mezbahur Rahman ◽  
Sabrina Fahmida Azim ◽  
Fouzia Farid
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fasting Serum ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Study Results

Background: Complication of diabetes mellitus includes peripheral neuropathy which causes ischemic foot ulceration. Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance may accelerate the development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.Objective: To assess the glycaemic status and insulin resistance for development of peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: This control case control study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from July 2014 to June 2015. A total number of 150 Type 2 diabetic patients of both sexes were selected with age ranging 40 to 50 years. Among them, 75 patients with peripheral neuropathy were included in study group and 75 patients without peripheral neuropathy were control. For evaluation of glycaemic status, fasting serum glucose (FSG), Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and to calculate insulin resistance by homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), fasting serum insulin (FSI), were estimated. For statistical analysis, unpaired Student’s ‘t’ test was done.Results: In this study, significant increase in FSG, HbA1c, FSI, HOMA-IR were found in diabetic subjects with peripheral neuropathy in comparison to control group.Conclusion: From the study results, it is concluded that poor glycaemic control and greater insulin resistance may be associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy.Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2016, December; 11(2): 54-58

scholarly journals Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Levels Are Correlated with the Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Lin ◽  
Ye-cheng Xiao ◽  
Hong Zhu ◽  
Qing-yan Xu ◽  
Lei Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fibroblast Growth

The aim of the study was to assess serum fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) concentrations in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients with and without retinopathy and to assess the association between FGF21 and the severity of retinopathy. 117 diabetic patients were compared with 68 healthy controls. Fasting blood glucose, serum total cholesterol, serum triglycerides, serum insulin, and serum FGF21 levels were estimated. FGF21 concentrations in the patients were significantly higher than those in control. In the patient group there was a significant positive correlation between FGF21, insulin level, and homeostasis model assessment index. Serum FGF21 concentrations in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy or nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy were significantly higher than those in patients without diabetic retinopathy. When the presence of diabetes was defined as the final variable in the conditional logistic regression model with the FGF21 concentration as the continuous variable, FGF21 was significantly involved in the model. This study shows that the increase in serum concentration of FGF21 was associated with the severity of diabetic retinopathy and suggests that FGF21 may play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy and its degree.

scholarly journals Visfatin levels in non-obese, obese, and insulin resistant adolescents

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Indra Ihsan ◽  
Eka Agustia Rini ◽  
Rismawati Yaswir
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fasting Serum ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Resistant Group ◽  
Visfatin Level

Background Adipose tissue is not merely a site for energy storage, but is also the largest endocrine organ, secreting various adipocytokines. Plasma visfatin, an adipocytokine predominantly secreted from visceral adipose tissue, has insulin-mimetic effects, and has been closely linked to insulin resistance.Objective To compare plasma visfatin levels between obese and non-obese adolescents, as well as between obese adolecents with and without insulin resistance.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in students who attended three senior high schools in Padang. Subjects comprised 28 obese and 28 non-obese adolescents. The age of the subjects ranged from 14-18 years. Obesity criteria were based on body mass index (BMI) measurements. Fasting serum glucose level was measured by glucose hexokinase photometry and serum insulin was measured by chemiluminesence immunoassay. Plasma visfatin was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The insulin resistance index was estimated from fasting serum insulin and glucose levels using the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Differences in the variables were tested using independent T-test and Mann-Whitney test, depending on the distribution of the variables.Results The mean plasma visfatin level was significantly higher in the obese than in the control group [2.55 (SD 1.54) vs. 1.61 (SD 0.64) ng/mL, respectively; (P=0.005)]. The insulin resistant group had significantly higher mean plasma visfatin level than the non-resistant group [3.61 (SD 1.59) vs. 1.96 (SD 1.18) ng/mL, respectively; (P=0.004)].Conclusion Obese adolescents with insulin resistance have signifcantly higher plasma visfatin levels compared to those without insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Treatment with the Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Vildagliptin Improves Fasting Islet-Cell Function in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes

2009 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. D'Alessio ◽  
Amanda M. Denney ◽  
Linda M. Hermiller ◽  
Ronald L. Prigeon ◽  
Julie M. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase ◽  
Islet Function ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4

Abstract Context: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are proposed to lower blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by prolonging the activity of the circulating incretins, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). Consistent with this mechanism of action, DPP-4 inhibitors improve glucose tolerance after meals by increasing insulin and reducing glucagon levels in the plasma. However, DPP-4 inhibitors also reduce fasting blood glucose, an unexpected effect because circulating levels of active GIP and GLP-1 are low in the postabsorptive state. Objective: The objective of the study was to examine the effects of DPP-4 inhibition on fasting islet function. Design: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Setting: The study was performed in General Clinical Research Centers at two University Hospitals. Subjects: Forty-one subjects with T2DM were treated with metformin or diet, having good glycemic control with glycosylated hemoglobin values of 6.2–7.5%. Intervention: Subjects were treated with vildagliptin (50 mg twice daily) or placebo for 3 months, followed by a 2-wk washout. Major Outcome Measure: We measured insulin secretion in response to iv glucose and arginine before and after treatment and after drug washout. Results: There were small and comparable reductions in glycosylated hemoglobin in both groups over 3 months. Vildagliptin increased fasting GLP-1 levels in subjects taking metformin, but not those managed with diet, and raised active GIP levels slightly. DPP-4 inhibitor treatment improved the acute insulin and C-peptide responses to glucose (50 and 100% respectively; P < 0.05) and increased the slope of the C-peptide response to glucose (33%; P = 0.023). Conclusion: Vildagliptin improves islet function in T2DM under fasting conditions. This suggests that DPP-4 inhibition has metabolic benefits in addition to enhancing meal-induced GLP-1 and GIP activity.

scholarly journals Effect of Probiotics on the Glucose Levels of Pregnant Women: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Medicina ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-Rong Peng ◽  
Ta-Wei Wu ◽  
You-Chen Chao
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition, in which women develop high blood sugar levels during pregnancy without having diabetes. Evidence on the effects of probiotics on the blood glucose levels of women with GDM is inconsistent. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of probiotics on the blood glucose levels of pregnant women. Methods: Online databases, such as PubMed, Cochrane, and Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE) were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published before July 2018. Trials had to meet the inclusion criteria of our study. Methodological quality and risk bias were independently assessed by two reviewers. Data were pooled using a random effects model and were expressed as the mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity was evaluated and quantified as I2. Results: In total, 12 RCTs were included in this study. Studies have shown that the use of probiotics significantly reduced the fasting blood glucose (FBG) level (MD: −0.10 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.19, −0.02), insulin concentration (MD: −2.24 μIU/mL; 95% CI: −3.69, −0.79), Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) score (MD: −0.47; 95% CI: −0.74, −0.21), and Homeostasis model of assessment-estimated β cell function (HOMA-B) score (MD: −20.23; 95% CI: −31.98, −8.49) of pregnant women. In a subgroup analysis, whether the blood glucose-lowering effect of probiotics influenced the diagnosis of pregnant women with GDM was assessed. The results showed that probiotics had significantly reduced the fasting blood glucose (FBG) level (MD: −0.10 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.17, −0.04) and HOMA-IR score (MD: −0.37; 95% CI: −0.72, −0.02) of pregnant women who were not diagnosed with GDM. Conclusion: Probiotics reduce the blood glucose level of pregnant women, especially without GDM diagnosis. However, further research using RCTs must be conducted to validate the results of the present study.

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