scholarly journals An Analysis of Behaviour Change Techniques Used in a Sample of Gestational Weight Management Trials

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Soltani ◽  
M. A. Arden ◽  
A. M. S. Duxbury ◽  
F. J. Fair
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Behaviour Change Techniques ◽  
Lifestyle Interventions ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Gestational Weight

Introduction. Maternal obesity and excessive gestational weight gain are associated with multiple adverse outcomes. There is a lack of clarity on the specific components of effective interventions to support pregnant women with gestational weight management.Method. All 44 studies within a preexisting review of lifestyle interventions, with a potential to impact on maternal weight outcomes, were considered for content analysis. Interventions were classified using Behaviour Change Technique (BCT) taxonomy clusters to explore which categories of BCT were used in interventions and their effectiveness in managing gestational weight gain.Results. The most commonly used BCTs were within the categories of “feedback and monitoring,” “shaping knowledge,” “goals and planning,” “repetition and substitution,” “antecedents,” and “comparison of behaviours.” For diet and mixed interventions “feedback and monitoring,” “shaping knowledge,” and “goals and planning” appeared the most successful BCT categories.Conclusions. Poor reporting within studies in defining the BCTs used, in clarifying the differences in processes between intervention and control groups, and in differentiating between the intervention and research processes made BCT classification difficult. Future studies should elaborate more clearly on the behaviour change techniques used and report them accurately to allow a better understanding of the effective ingredients for lifestyle interventions during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Influence of Maternal Prepregnancy Obesity and Excessive Gestational Weight Gain on Maternal and Child Gastrointestinal Microbiome Composition: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin Dreisbach ◽  
Stephanie Prescott ◽  
Jeanne Alhusen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiome ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Excessive Gestational Weight Gain

Background: Maternal obesity is a well-known risk factor for significant obstetric and neonatal complications. The influence of the gastrointestinal microbiome in the setting of maternal obesity during pregnancy is less understood. The purpose of this systematic review is to synthesize the literature on the relationships between maternal obesity and excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG) and the composition of maternal and child gastrointestinal microbiomes. Method: We searched CINHAL, OVID Medline, Web of Science, and PubMed for relevant literature using medical subject heading terms related to obesity, pregnancy, and the gastrointestinal microbiome. We assessed 249 articles for potential inclusion using the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analyses framework and deemed 11 articles as relevant for this review. Results: Maternal obesity was associated with significant microbial changes in both maternal and infant fecal microbiome biospecimens including increases in Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and the Actinobacteria phyla and decreases in Bifidobacteria. However, inconsistencies in uniform taxonomic results across all studies mean that evidence of specific microbial associations with obesity and EGWG is inconclusive. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that both maternal and child gastrointestinal microbiome composition is altered in the setting of maternal obesity and EGWG during pregnancy. Future microbiome studies should concentrate on the investigation of metagenomic sequencing to elucidate microbial function rather than solely taxonomic composition. More diverse populations of mothers should be sampled to address health disparities and adverse outcomes of underrepresented populations. Finally, analytic pipelines should be standardized across studies to aid in reproducibility.

scholarly journals The relationship between gestational weight gain and fetal growth: time to take stock?

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy C. O’Higgins ◽  
Anne Doolan ◽  
Laura Mullaney ◽  
Niamh Daly ◽  
Daniel McCartney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe aim of this article is to review the current evidence on gestational weight gain (GWG). Maternal obesity has emerged as one of the great challenges in modern obstetrics as it is becoming increasingly common and is associated with increased maternal and fetal complications. There has been an upsurge of interest in GWG with an emphasis on the relationship between excessive GWG and increased fetal growth. Recent recommendations from the Institute of Medicine in the USA have revised downwards the weight gain recommendations in pregnancy for obese mothers. We believe that it is time to take stock again about the advice that pregnant women are given about GWG and their lifestyle before, during, and after pregnancy. The epidemiological links between excessive GWG and aberrant fetal growth are weak, particularly in obese women. There is little evidence that intervention studies decrease excessive GWG or improve intrauterine fetal growth. Indeed, there is a potential risk that inappropriate interventions during the course of pregnancy may lead to fetal malnutrition that may have adverse clinical consequences, both in the short- and long-term. It may be more appropriate to shift the focus of attention from monitoring maternal weight to increasing physical activity levels and improving nutritional intakes.

scholarly journals Paternal and maternal obesity but not gestational weight gain is associated with type 1 diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria C Magnus ◽  
Sjurdur F Olsen ◽  
Charlotta Granstrom ◽  
Nicolai A Lund-Blix ◽  
Jannet Svensson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Gestational Weight

scholarly journals Association between Gestational Weight Gain, Gestational Diabetes Risk, and Obstetric Outcomes: A Randomized Controlled Trial Post Hoc Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1568 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Simmons ◽  
Roland Devlieger ◽  
Andre van Assche ◽  
Sander Galjaard ◽  
Rosa Corcoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Obstetric Outcomes ◽  
Lifestyle Interventions ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Post Hoc

Excess gestational weight gain (GWG) is associated with the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Lifestyle trials have not achieved much GWG limitation, and have largely failed to prevent GDM. We compared the effect of substantial GWG limitation on maternal GDM risk. Pregnant women with a body mass index (BMI) ≥29 kg/m2 <20 weeks gestation without GDM (n = 436) were randomized, in a multicenter trial, to usual care (UC), healthy eating (HE), physical activity (PA), or HE and PA lifestyle interventions. GWG over the median was associated with higher homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and insulin secretion (Stumvoll phases 1 and 2), a higher fasting plasma glucose (FPG) at 24–28 weeks (4.66 ± 0.43 vs. 4.61 ± 0.40 mmol/L, p < 0.01), and a higher rate of caesarean section (38% vs. 27% p < 0.05). The GWG over the median at 35–37 weeks was associated with a higher rate of macrosomia (25% vs. 16%, p < 0.05). A post hoc comparison among women from the five sites with a GWG difference >3 kg showed no significance difference in glycaemia or insulin resistance between HE and PA, and UC. We conclude that preventing even substantial increases in GWG after the first trimester has little effect on maternal glycaemia. We recommend randomized controlled trials of effective lifestyle interventions, starting in or before the first trimester.

scholarly journals Impact of maternal obesity on pregnancy course and maternal and perinatal complications

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
Milan Lacković
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Perinatal Complications ◽  
Anthropometric Parameter ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Excessive Gestational Weight Gain

 The prevalence of obesity and obesity-related health problems is increasing worldwide, especially among woman and man of reproductive age and obesity is designated as one of the most important global health threats in 21st century.  Pregnancy in obese woman is considered as a high-risk pregnancy. Pre-pregnancy obesity and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) are distinct risk factors with differing associated adverse outcomes, but they could also carry a cumulative negative impact on pregnancy course. Pre-pregnancy obesity is the anthropometric parameter most strongly correlated with perinatal complications. Maternal complications following obesity include antepartum, intrapartum and postpartum complications, such as pregnancy related hypertension, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm birth, venous thromboembolism, labor dystocia, labor induction, instrumental and cesarean delivery. Fetal complications related to maternal obesity might include increased prevalence of congenital anomalies, growth abnormalities, prematurity and stillbirth. Pre- pregnancy overweight and obesity is a potentially modifiable risk factor compromising pregnancy outcome. Among all complications that might arise during pregnancy and that could not be predicted and therefore prevented, pre- pregnancy overweight and obesity management control can significantly reduce potential pregnancy complications. Pre-conceptual counseling should provide in a timely manner awareness of this arising medical condition and provide risk reduction of complications following pre- pregnancy obesity and excessive GWG  obesity, pre-pregnancy obesity, excessive gestational weight gain, pregnancy risk factors, pregnancy complications  

scholarly journals How Can Maternal Lifestyle Interventions Modify the Effects of Gestational Diabetes in the Neonate and the Offspring? A Systematic Review of Meta-Analyses

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delphine Mitanchez ◽  
Cécile Ciangura ◽  
Sophie Jacqueminet
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Lifestyle Interventions ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Excessive Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Adverse Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Meta Analyses

Gestational diabetes (GDM) has deleterious effects on the offspring. Maternal obesity and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG), often associated with diabetes, also contribute to these adverse outcomes. Objectives: To assess the benefit for the offspring of maternal lifestyle interventions, including diets and physical activity, to prevent or to improve GDM and to limit excessive GWG. Method: Systematic review of meta-analyses published in English between December 2014 and November 2019. Results: Lifestyle interventions to reduce the risk of GDM reported a decreased risk of 15% to 40%, with a greater effect of exercise compared to diet. Combined lifestyle interventions specifically designed to limit GWG reduced GWG by 1.6 kg in overweight and obese women, and on average by 0.7 to 1 kg in all pregnant women. In these trials, adverse neonatal outcomes were poorly studied. Combined lifestyle interventions in women with GDM significantly reduced fetal growth. Altogether, lifestyle interventions reduced the risk of preterm birth and shoulder dystocia, but individually, diets or exercise alone had no effect on neonatal adverse outcomes. Conclusion: Specific maternal, neonatal and offspring benefits of lifestyle interventions during pregnancy to prevent or improve GDM control or to limit GWG still require clarification.

scholarly journals Maternal obesity and gestational weight gain: associations with maternal and infant outcomes

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (OCE3) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Cassidy ◽  
M.S. Mulhern ◽  
R.M. Alhomaid ◽  
M.B.E. Livingstone ◽  
J.C. Abayomi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Infant Outcomes ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Maternal And Infant Outcomes
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