scholarly journals Effects of Xiaoyaosan on Stress-Induced Anxiety-Like Behavior in Rats: Involvement of CRF1 Receptor

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
You-Ming Jiang ◽  
Xiao-Juan Li ◽  
Zhen-Zhi Meng ◽  
Yue-Yun Liu ◽  
Hong-Bo Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basolateral Amygdala ◽  
Immobilization Stress ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Surgery Group ◽  
Artificial Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Plus Maze

Background. Compared with antidepressant activity of Xiaoyaosan, the role of Xiaoyaosan in anxiety has been poorly studied.Objective. To observe the effects of Xiaoyaosan on anxiety-like behavior induced by chronic immobilization stress (CIS) and further explore whether these effects were related to CRF1R signaling.Methods. Adult male SD rats were randomly assigned to five groups (n=12): the nonstressed control group, vehicle-treated (saline, p.o.) group, Xiaoyaosan-treated (3.854 g/kg, p.o.) group, vehicle-treated (surgery) group, and antalarmin-treated (surgery) group. Artificial cerebrospinal fluid (0.5 μL/side) or CRF1R antagonist antalarmin (125 ng/0.5 μL, 0.5 μL/side) was bilaterally administered into the basolateral amygdala in the surgery groups. Except for the nonstressed control group, the other four groups were exposed to CIS (14 days, 3 h/day) 30 minutes after treatment. On days 15 and 16, all animals were subjected to the elevated plus-maze (EPM) and novelty suppressed feeding (NSF) test. We then examined the expression of CRF1R, pCREB, and BDNF in the amygdala.Results. Chronic pretreatment with Xiaoyaosan or antalarmin significantly reversed elevated anxiety-like behavior and the upregulated level of CRF1R and BDNF in the amygdala of stressed rats. pCREB did not differ significantly among the groups.Conclusions. These results suggest that Xiaoyaosan exerts anxiolytic-like effects in behavioral tests and the effects may be related to CRF1R signaling in the amygdala.

Central, but not basolateral, amygdala involvement in the anxiolytic-like effects of midazolam in rats in the elevated plus maze

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milene C Carvalho ◽  
Caio M Moreira ◽  
Janaína M Zanoveli ◽  
Marcus L Brandão
Keyword(s):  
Basolateral Amygdala ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Dorsal Hippocampus ◽  
Dorsal Striatum ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Main Input ◽  
Fear And Anxiety ◽  
Behavior Of Rats

The role of the amygdala in the mediation of fear and anxiety has been extensively investigated. However, how the amygdala functions during the organization of the anxiety-like behaviors generated in the elevated plus maze (EPM) is still under investigation. The basolateral (BLA) and the central (CeA) nuclei are the main input and output stations of the amygdala. In the present study, we ethopharmacologically analyzed the behavior of rats subjected to the EPM and the tissue content of the monoamines dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) and their metabolites in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), dorsal hippocampus (DH), and dorsal striatum (DS) of animals injected with saline or midazolam (20 and 30 nmol/0.2 µL) into the BLA or CeA. Injections of midazolam into the CeA, but not BLA, caused clear anxiolytic-like effects in the EPM. These treatments did not cause significant changes in 5-HT or DA contents in the NAc, DH, or DS of animals tested in the EPM. The data suggest that the anxiolytic-like effects of midazolam in the EPM also appear to rely on GABA-benzodiazepine mechanisms in the CeA, but not BLA, and do not appear to depend on 5-HT and DA mechanisms prevalent in limbic structures.

scholarly journals Involvement of 5-HT1AReceptors in the Anxiolytic-Like Effects of Quercitrin and Evidence of the Involvement of the Monoaminergic System

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Li ◽  
Qian-tong Liu ◽  
Yi Chen ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Jin-li Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Repeated Treatment ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Way 100635 ◽  
Marble Burying ◽  
Monoaminergic System ◽  
Light Dark Box

Quercitrin is a well-known flavonoid that is contained in Flos Albiziae, which has been used for the treatment of anxiety. The present study investigated the anxiolytic-like effects of quercitrin in experimental models of anxiety. Compared with the control group, repeated treatment with quercitrin (5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for seven days significantly increased the percentage of entries into and time spent on the open arms of the elevated plus maze. In the light/dark box test, quercitrin exerted an anxiolytic-like effect at 5 and 10 mg/kg. In the marble-burying test, quercitrin (5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg) also exerted an anxiolytic-like effect. Furthermore, quercitrin did not affect spontaneous locomotor activity. The anxiolytic-like effects of quercitrin in the elevated plus maze and light/dark box test were blocked by the serotonin-1A (5-hydroxytryptamine-1A (5-HT1A)) receptor antagonist WAY-100635 (3.0 mg/kg, i.p.) but not by theγ-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptor antagonist flumazenil (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.). The levels of brain monoamines (5-HT and dopamine) and their metabolites (5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and homovanillic acid) were decreased after quercitrin treatment. These data suggest that the anxiolytic-like effects of quercitrin might be mediated by 5-HT1Areceptors but not by benzodiazepine site of GABAAreceptors. The results of the neurochemical studies suggest that these effects are mediated by modulation of the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters.

The role of vision and proprioception in the aversion of rats to the open arms of an elevated plus-maze

2002 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Martı́nez ◽  
Fernando Cardenas ◽  
Marisol Lamprea ◽  
Silvio Morato
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Plus Maze

scholarly journals Effects of Simultaneous Reinforcement of Endocannabinoid and Cholinergic Systems on Anxiety-Like Behavior in Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siamak Shahidi ◽  
Asghar Dindar ◽  
Alireza Komaki ◽  
Reihaneh Sadeghian
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Concurrent Administration ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Cholinergic Systems ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
High Doses

Abstract ObjectiveAnxiety behavior is regulated by different neurotransmitter systems. There has been no direct relationship between endocannabinoid and cholinergic systems on anxiety in previous studies. This study investigated the effects of each of these systems separately and simultaneously using Donepezil (Cholinesterase inhibitor) and URB-597 (endocannabinoid degrading enzyme inhibitor) on anxiety-like behavior. MethodEighty-eight male mice were divided into eleven groups (n=8) including control (saline), diazepam (0.3 mg /kg), URB-597 (0.1, 0.3, or 1 mg /kg), donepezil (0.5, 1 or 2 mg/kg) and the combination of the two drugs at low, medium and high doses. All treatments were injected intraperitoneally 30 minutes before the elevated plus maze test. ResultsSeparate administration of URB597, donepezil or diazepam increased the number and time spent of open arms compared to the control group. Concurrent administration of URB and donepezil at low, medium and high doses did not change the number of open arms entries compared to the control group, but they reduced the number of entries to the closed arms. ConclusionsThese results suggest that strengthening any cholinergic or endocannabinoid system has anxiolytic effect similar to diazepam. However, the interaction of these two systems has fewer anxiolytic effects compared to the effects of each alone. It seems that these drugs alone may represent a strategy for the treatment of anxiety disorders.

scholarly journals The role of the basolateral amygdala in the perception of faces in natural contexts

2016 ◽  
Vol 371 (1693) ◽  
pp. 20150376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruud Hortensius ◽  
David Terburg ◽  
Barak Morgan ◽  
Dan J. Stein ◽  
Jack van Honk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basolateral Amygdala ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Dorsal Stream ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Context Processing ◽  
The Right

The amygdala is a complex structure that plays its role in perception and threat-related behaviour by activity of its specific nuclei and their separate networks. In the present functional magnetic resonance imaging study, we investigated the role of the basolateral amygdala in face and context processing. Five individuals with focal basolateral amygdala damage and 12 matched controls viewed fearful or neutral faces in a threatening or neutral context. We tested the hypothesis that basolateral amygdala damage modifies the relation between face and threatening context, triggering threat-related activation in the dorsal stream. The findings supported this hypothesis. First, activation was increased in the right precentral gyrus for threatening versus neutral scenes in the basolateral amygdala damage group compared with the control group. Second, activity in the bilateral middle frontal gyrus, and left anterior inferior parietal lobule was enhanced for neutral faces presented in a threatening versus neutral scene in the group with basolateral amygdala damage compared with controls. These findings provide the first evidence for the neural consequences of basolateral amygdala damage during the processing of complex emotional situations.

Role of Cannabidiol and Tetrahydrocannabivarin on Paclitaxel-Induced Neuropathic Pain in Rodents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar Kalvala ◽  
Arvind Bagde ◽  
Peggy Arthur ◽  
Sunil Kumar Surapaneni ◽  
Ramesh Nimma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Cultures ◽  
P38 Map Kinase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cb1 Receptors ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Protein Expressions ◽  
Behavioral Parameters ◽  
Neurobehavioral Symptoms

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of phytocannabinoids, synthetic cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) and their combination on taxol induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) in mice. Briefly, six groups of C57BL/6J mice (n = 6) were used. PTX (8 mg/kg/day, i.p.) was given to the mice on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 to induce neuropathy. Mice were evaluated for their behavioral parameters and also at the end of the study, DRG collected from the animals were subjected to RNA sequence and westernblot analysis. Further, immunocytochemistry and mitochondrial functional assays were performed on cultured DRGs derived from SD rats. The combination of CBD and THCV improved thermal and mechanical neurobehavioral symptoms in mice by two folds as compared to individual treatments. KEGG (RNA Sequencing) identified P38-MAPK, AMPK, and PI3K-AKT pathways as potential CBD and THCV therapeutic targets. In PTX-treated animals, the expression of p-AMPK, SIRT1, NRF2, HO1, SOD2, and catalase was significantly reduced (p<0.001), whereas the expression of PI3K, p-AKT, p-P38 MAP kinase, BAX, TGF-, NLRP3 inflammasome, and caspase 3 was significantly increased (p<0.001) when compared to control group. In reversing these protein expressions, combination therapy outperformed single therapies. CBD and THCV treatment increased AMPK, Catalase, and Complex I expression while decreasing mitochondrial superoxides in DRG primary cultures. In mice and DRG primary cultures, WAY100135 and rimonabant inhibited the effects of CBD and THCV by blocking 5 HT1A and CB1 receptors. In conclusion, entourage effect of CBD and THCV combination against PIPN appears to protect neurons in mice by modulating 5HT1A and CB1 receptors, respectively.

scholarly journals AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY EVALUATING THE INFLUENCE OF QUERCETIN ON MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE-INDUCED DEPRESSION IN SWISS ALBINO MALE MICE

2019 ◽  
pp. 292-294
Author(s):  
SRIRAM BS ◽  
RAVICHANDRA V
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the antidepressant activity of quercetin in monosodium glutamate (MSG) model of depressed male mice. Methods: MSG was administered (500 mg/kg) to different groups of albino male mice daily for 21 days to induce depression. The interventions (Quercetin and imipramine) were started on day 9th and continued till 21st day. On 23rd day, mice are sacrificed, hippocampus and amygdala supernatant are subjected for analysis. p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: There was a statistically significant reduction in interleukin (IL)-6 levels in animals treated with quercetin and imipramine compared to control group (p<0.001). There was also a statistically significant increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in quercetin with MSG groups (p<0.05) and imipramine with MSG groups (p<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in IL-6 and BDNF levels between the groups of animals treated with quercetin (100 mg/kg) and imipramine (10 mg/kg) alone. Conclusion: Quercetin appeared to have an antidepressant activity. More extensive research is required to substantiate and elucidate the role of quercetin in behavioral disorders such as depression.

Effects of single and combined gabapentin use in elevated plus maze and forced swimming tests

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Sultan Kilic ◽  
Sule Ismailoglu ◽  
Bilgin Kaygisiz ◽  
Setenay Oner
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Forced Swimming ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Antidepressant Effects

BackgroundGabapentin, a third-generation antiepileptic drug, is a structural analogue of γ-aminobutyric acid, which is an important mediator of central nervous system. There is clinical data indicating its effectiveness in the treatment of psychiatric illnesses such as bipolar disorder and anxiety disorders.ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the antidepressant and anxiolytic-like effects and mechanisms of gabapentin in rats.Material and MethodsFemale Spraque–Dawley rats weighing 250±20 g were used. A total of 13 groups were formed, each containing 8 rats: gabapentin (5, 10, 20, 40 mg/kg), amitriptyline (10 mg/kg), sertraline (5 mg/kg), diazepam (5 mg/kg), ketamine (10 mg/kg), gabapentin 20 mg/kg was also combined with amitriptyline (10 mg/kg), sertraline (5 mg/kg), diazepam (5 mg/kg) and ketamine (10 mg/kg). All the drugs were used intraperitoneally as single dose. Saline was administered to the control group. Elevated plus maze and forced swimming tests were used as experimental models of anxiety and depression, respectively.ResultsIt was observed that gabapentin showed an anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like effect in all doses in rats. Its antidepressant effect was found to be the same as the antidepressant effects of amitriptyline and sertraline. There was no change in the antidepressant effect when gabapentin was combined with amitriptyline and ketamine, but there was an increase when combined with sertraline and diazepam. Gabapentin and amitriptyline showed similar anxiolytic effect, whereas ketamine and diazepam had more potent anxiolytic effect compared with them.ConclusionsThese data suggest that gabapentin may possess antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects.

scholarly journals Role of 5-HT1A Receptor in the Anxiolytic-Relaxant Effects of Bergamot Essential Oil in Rodent

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Rombolà ◽  
Damiana Scuteri ◽  
Chizuko Watanabe ◽  
Shinobu Sakurada ◽  
Kengo Hamamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Relaxant Effect ◽  
Serotonergic Receptors ◽  
Selective Agonist ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Way 100635 ◽  
Pharmacological Data ◽  
Citrus Bergamia

The essential oil obtained by the fresh fruit of Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau is used worldwide in aromatherapy to reduce pain, facilitate sleep induction, and/or minimize the effects of stress-induced anxiety. Preclinical pharmacological data demonstrate that bergamot essential oil (BEO) modulates specific neurotransmissions and shows an anxiolytic-relaxant effect not superimposable to that of the benzodiazepine diazepam, suggesting that neurotransmissions, other than GABAergic, could be involved. Several studies on essential oils indicate a role for serotonergic (5-HT) neurotransmission in anxiety. Interestingly, among serotonergic receptors, the 5-HT1A subtype seems to play a key role in the control of anxiety. Here, we report that modulation of the 5-HT1A receptor by selective agonist ((±)8-OH-DPAT) or antagonist (WAY-100635) may influence some of the anxiolytic-relaxant effects of BEO in Open Field and Elevated Plus Maze tests.

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