scholarly journals AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY EVALUATING THE INFLUENCE OF QUERCETIN ON MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE-INDUCED DEPRESSION IN SWISS ALBINO MALE MICE

2019 ◽  
pp. 292-294
Author(s):  
SRIRAM BS ◽  
RAVICHANDRA V
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the antidepressant activity of quercetin in monosodium glutamate (MSG) model of depressed male mice. Methods: MSG was administered (500 mg/kg) to different groups of albino male mice daily for 21 days to induce depression. The interventions (Quercetin and imipramine) were started on day 9th and continued till 21st day. On 23rd day, mice are sacrificed, hippocampus and amygdala supernatant are subjected for analysis. p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: There was a statistically significant reduction in interleukin (IL)-6 levels in animals treated with quercetin and imipramine compared to control group (p<0.001). There was also a statistically significant increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in quercetin with MSG groups (p<0.05) and imipramine with MSG groups (p<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in IL-6 and BDNF levels between the groups of animals treated with quercetin (100 mg/kg) and imipramine (10 mg/kg) alone. Conclusion: Quercetin appeared to have an antidepressant activity. More extensive research is required to substantiate and elucidate the role of quercetin in behavioral disorders such as depression.

scholarly journals Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Its Serum Levels in Schizophrenic Patients

Folia Medica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvetta A. Koeva ◽  
Stefan T. Sivkov ◽  
Valentin H. Akabaliev ◽  
Roumiana Y. Ivanova ◽  
Tania I. Deneva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Serum Bdnf

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Neurotrophins have an important role in regulating the development and maintenance of the peripheral and central nervous systems’ function. Thus, the neurotrophin hypothesis of schizophrenia has postulated that the changes in the brain of schizophrenic patients are the result of disturbances of developing processes involving these molecules. AIM: We analyse in the present study the changes in the serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in schizophrenic patients as possible epiphenomena of underlying alterations of the neurotrophic factor in central nervous system, reflecting its role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-one schizophrenic patients satisfying the DSM-IV criteria for diagnosis of schizophrenia were enrolled in the study. The control group consisted of 28 age-matched mentally healthy subjects. Serum BDNF levels were determined in patients and normal controls using ELISA (Chemicon International, USA & Canada). The data were analyzed statistically with Student’s t- test in SPSS 9.0. RESULTS: The serum BDNF levels were lower in the schizophrenic patients than in the control subjects, reaching statistically significant difference (t = 2.72, p = 0.009). Female patients had lower serum BDNF levels than the male patients but the difference fell short of statistical significance (t = 0.1, p = 0.9). CONCLUSIONS: The BDNF reduction in serum indicates a potential deficit in neurotrophic factor release in patients with schizophrenia and support the concept that BDNF might be associated with schizophrenia

scholarly journals Fear stress in computer games caused brain waves, oxytocin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor changes among woman

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
Hamed Aliyari ◽  
◽  
Hedayat Sahraei ◽  
Sahar Golabi ◽  
Masoomeh Kazemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Games ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stress System ◽  
Recording Device ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Introduction: Stress and fear caused by computer games have been shown to have various effects on the cognitive system. This work was aimed to investigate the effects of short-time horror computer games on cognitive indicators. Methods: A total of twenty female subjects were recruited and divided into experimental and control groups. All required tests were performed before and after the intervention (playing or watching horror game) on the control and experimental groups. The saliva samples were collected before and after the intervention to measure levels of cortisol and alpha-amylase. Also, blood was taken before and during the game from each subject to evaluate plasma levels of oxytocin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. The Brain waveforms were acquired by Emotive brain signal recording device before and after the intervention. Data analysis was conducted using R and MATLAB software. Results: The cortisol and alpha-amylase levels were shown to significantly increase after the horror game playing. Also, the levels of oxytocin were significantly higher after the experimentation. The levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor were displayed to reduce after the experimentation. The results of the brainwave analysis revealed that the average stress index was significantly higher, while the average attention index was lower after playing the game. No significant difference in the study variables was observed in the control group. Conclusion: Horror computer games may have adverse effects on the activity of the stress system in the central nervous system. Fear-induced stress was shown to relatively undermine some cognitive elements.

scholarly journals Epigenetic perspective on the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in burnout

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Bakusic ◽  
Manosij Ghosh ◽  
Andrea Polli ◽  
Bram Bekaert ◽  
Wilmar Schaufeli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Val66met Polymorphism ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a potential role in the neurobiology of burnout, but there are no studies investigating the underlying genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Our aim is to further explore the role of BDNF in burnout, by focusing on the Val66Met polymorphism and methylation patterns of the BDNF gene and serum BDNF (sBDNF) protein expression. We conducted a cross-sectional study by recruiting 129 individuals (59 with burnout and 70 healthy controls). Participants underwent a clinical interview, psychological assessment and blood sample collection. Polymorphism and DNA methylation were measured on DNA from whole blood, using pyrosequencing and sBDNF levels were measured using ELISA. We found significantly increased methylation of promoter I and IV in the burnout group, which also correlated with burnout symptoms. In addition, DNA methylation of promoter I had a significant negative effect on sBDNF. For DNA methylation of exon IX, we did not find a significant difference between the groups, nor associations with sBDNF. The Val66Met polymorphism neither differed between groups, nor was it associated with sBDNF levels. Finally, we did not observe differences in sBDNF level between the groups. Interestingly, we observed a significant negative association between depressive symptoms and sBDNF levels. The current study is the first to show that BDNF DNA methylation changes might play an important role in downregulation of the BDNF protein levels in burnout. The presence of depressive symptoms might have an additional impact on these changes.

The acquisition of null and overt pronominals in Japanese by English speakers

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazue Kanno
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
L2 Acquisition ◽  
Null Pronouns ◽  
Overt Pronouns ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
L2 Learners

This article reports on an experimental study that examines the role of UG in the L2 acquisition of Japanese by English speakers. The study focuses on the acquisition of the principle that prevents overt pronouns from having quantified NPs as antecedents in languages (such as Japanese) that have null pronouns. A group of 28 English speakers taking a fourth semester course in Japanese were asked to interpret the null and overt pronominal in the Japanese equivalent of patterns such as Everyone i thinks he/Øi is smart.Not only did the L2 learners exhibit a statistically significant difference in their interpretation of null and overt pronominals with respect to binding by a quantified NP, consistent with the UG principle, but their performance was not significantly different from that of a native-speaker control group.

scholarly journals Musical Therapy with Balinese Flute Increased Cognitive Function, Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Serum Levels, and Decreased Interleukin-6 Serum Levels among the Elderly in West Denpasar Primary Health Clinic

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (B) ◽  
pp. 699-704
Author(s):  
I Made Oka Adnyana ◽  
Ni Putu Ayu Putri Mahadewi ◽  
A.A.A. Putri Laksmidewi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Classical Music ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Significant Difference

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown the effects of music toward improved cognitive function due to changes in molecular production and signaling through increased messenger secretion, including hormones, neurotransmitters, and growth factor proteins. Most of the studies used Western classical music as an intervention. AIM: We would like to investigate whether traditional Balinese flute musical composition entitled can improve cognitive function as well as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and interleukin (IL)-6 levels, on par with the Western classical composition. METHODS: This was a prospective intervention trial involving 40 participants recruited from Primary Health Clinic 2 in West Denpasar, Bali, and divided into two groups. Participants were asked to listen to either “Morning Happiness” by Mr. Agus Teja Sentosa, S. Sn (treatment), or Vivaldi’s composition of “Spring” (control group) for 20 min each day for 21 days. Cognitive evaluation was performed using Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)-INA and blood sample was withdrawn during the 1st day for BDNF and IL-6 levels measurement. All statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics 20. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between initial and endpoint MoCA-INA test results among treatment and control group (p < 0.001), but there was no significant difference between control and treatment (p = 1.00). BDNF levels differed significantly between initial and endpoint BDNF levels among control group (p < 0.001), but did not differ significantly between control and treatment groups (p = 0.534). There was no significant difference between initial and endpoint IL-6 levels between the control group, but there was a close to statistical difference between of initial and endpoint IL-6 levels among the treatment group (p = 0.052). There was a significant difference in the memory domain between the control and treatment groups (p = 0.01) as measured using MoCA-INA questionnaire. CONCLUSION: Balinese traditional flute composition was proven to be non-inferior when compared with Western classical composition as it improved mainly memory domain accompanied by increasing BDNF and decreased IL-6 levels.

Effectiveness Of Toilet Training Education On Mother's Behavior And Toddler Age Toilet Training Ability (18-36 Months)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Hafiko Andresni ◽  
Zahtamal Zahtamal ◽  
Winda Septiani ◽  
Mitra Mitra ◽  
Lita Lita
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toilet Training ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maternal Knowledge ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Toilet training is an effort to train children to be able to control and urinate (BAK) and defecate (BAB). Toilet training is one of the main tasks of children at toddler age. Toilet training is one of the main tasks of children in toddler age which is very important to be done to create independence in children in controlling BAK and BAB and children know the parts of the body and their functions. Data in 2012 shows that ± 60% of parents do not teach toilet training to children from an early age. The aim of the study was to find out the effectiveness of toilet training education on maternal behavior and toilet skills in toddler age training (18-36 months). The study was conducted in July-August 2018. This type of quantitative research used the design of the Quasy pretest and posttest experiment with non-equivalent control group design. Samples were 36 mothers and 36 children with purposive sampling technique. Data analysis used Paired t test, Wilcoxon test, Man-Whitney test an Independent t test. The results showed that toilet training education through lecture methods, modules and maze games was more effective than toilet training education through lecture and leaflet methods on children's knowledge and abilities. Conversely, for the role of mothers in supervision there is no significant difference in effectiveness. Health education is recommended in health promotion programs to increase maternal knowledge, the role of mothers and the ability of toilet training children independently. Keywords: Toilet training, Lecture method, Module, Maze game, Leaflet, Knowledge, Role of mother, Children's ability.

Role of Nutrition Counseling and Lifestyle Modification in Managing Prediabetes

2021 ◽  
pp. 037957212110254
Author(s):  
Harleen Kaur ◽  
Neerja Singla ◽  
Rohini Jain
Keyword(s):  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Population Prevalence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective: India is the second country after China having the highest population prevalence of diabetes. Several research studies investigating diabetes have been done, but not much work has been done on prediabetes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of nutrition and lifestyle modification on prediabetic females. Methods: A total of 120 prediabetic females from Ludhiana city were divided into 2 matched groups: control group (n = 60) and experimental group (n = 60). Impact of nutrition intervention for dietary and lifestyle modification (for 3 months) was assessed on the anthropometric, dietary, biochemical parameters, and diabetes risk score of the experimental group and control group (no intervention). Results: All the selected 120 subjects completed the study (experimental group = 60; control group = 60). There was significant difference in the changes between the 2 groups throughout the study. The fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin A1c levels of the experimental group subjects reduced significantly ( P ≤ .01). However, no change was observed among the control group subjects. The lipid profile of the experimental group showed a significant improvement ( P ≤ .01). Conclusion: Nutrition counselling of the prediabetics regarding dietary and lifestyle modification is recommended so as to improve their metabolic control, thus preventing them from being diabetics.

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