scholarly journals Autistic-Like Behaviors, Oxidative Stress Status, and Histopathological Changes in Cerebellum of Valproic Acid Rat Model of Autism Are Improved by the Combined Extract of Purple Rice and Silkworm Pupae

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nartnutda Morakotsriwan ◽  
Jintanaporn Wattanathorn ◽  
Woranan Kirisattayakul ◽  
Kowit Chaisiwamongkol
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Cell Loss ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Hot Plate Test ◽  
Silkworm Pupae ◽  
Oxidative Stress Status ◽  
Purkinje Cell Loss

Due to the crucial role of oxidative stress on the pathophysiology of autism and the concept of synergistic effect, the benefit of the combined extract of purple rice and silkworm pupae (AP1) for autism disorder was the focus. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effect of AP1 on autistic-like behaviors, oxidative stress status, and histopathological change of cerebellum in valproic acid (VPA) rat model of autism. VPA was injected on postnatal day (PND) 14 and the animals were orally given AP1 at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg·kg−1BW between PND 14 and PND 40. The autism-like behaviors were analyzed via hot-plate, rotarod, elevated plus-maze, learning, memory, and social behavior tests. Oxidative stress and the histological change in the cerebellum were assessed at the end of study. AP1 treated rats improved behaviors in all tests except that in hot-plate test. The improvement of oxidative stress and Purkinje cell loss was also observed in the cerebellum of VPA-treated rats. Our data suggest that AP1 partially reduced autism-like behaviors by improving oxidative stress and Purkinje cell loss. Further research is required to identify the active ingredients in AP1 and gender difference effect.

scholarly journals PALB2 maintains redox and mitochondrial homeostasis in the brain and cooperates with ATG7 to suppress p53 dependent neurodegeneration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanying Huo ◽  
Akshada Sawant ◽  
Yongmei Tan ◽  
Amar H Mahdi ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Cell Loss ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Mitochondrial Regulation ◽  
Mitochondrial Homeostasis ◽  
Double Deletion ◽  
Purkinje Cell Loss

The PALB2 tumor suppressor plays key roles in DNA repair and has been implicated in redox homeostasis. Autophagy maintains mitochondrial quality, mitigates oxidative stress and suppresses neurodegeneration. Here we show that Palb2 deletion in the mouse brain leads to motor deficits and that co-deletion of Palb2 with the essential autophagy gene Atg7 accelerates and exacerbates neurodegeneration induced by ATG7 loss. Palb2 deletion leads to elevated DNA damage, oxidative stress and mitochondrial markers, especially in Purkinje cells, and co-deletion of Palb2 and Atg7 results in accelerated Purkinje cell loss. Further analyses suggest that the accelerated Purkinje cell loss and severe neurodegeneration in the double deletion mice are due to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, rather than DNA damage, and partially dependent on p53 activity. Our studies uncover a role of PALB2 in mitochondrial regulation and a cooperation between PALB2 and ATG7/autophagy in maintaining redox and mitochondrial homeostasis essential for neuronal survival.

scholarly journals Treadmill exercise ameliorates motor dysfunction through inhibition of Purkinje cell loss in cerebellum of valproic acid-induced autistic rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han-Sam Cho ◽  
Tae-Woon Kim ◽  
Eun-Sang Ji ◽  
Hye-Sang Park ◽  
Mal-Soon Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Cell Loss ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Purkinje Cell Loss

scholarly journals Oxytocin Differentiated Effects According to the Administration Route in a Prenatal Valproic Acid-Induced Rat Model of Autism

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Radu Lefter ◽  
Alin Ciobica ◽  
Iulia Antioch ◽  
Daniela Carmen Ababei ◽  
Luminita Hritcu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Temporal Area ◽  
Oxidative Stress Status ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Background and objectives: The hormone oxytocin (OXT) has already been reported in both human and animal studies for its promising therapeutic potential in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but the comparative effectiveness of various administration routes, whether central or peripheral has been insufficiently studied. In the present study, we examined the effects of intranasal (IN) vs. intraperitoneal (IP) oxytocin in a valproic-acid (VPA) autistic rat model, focusing on cognitive and mood behavioral disturbances, gastrointestinal transit and central oxidative stress status. Materials and Methods: VPA prenatally-exposed rats (500 mg/kg; age 90 days) in small groups of 5 (n = 20 total) were given OXT by IP injection (10 mg/kg) for 8 days consecutively or by an adapted IN pipetting protocol (12 IU/kg, 20 μL/day) for 4 consecutive days. Behavioral tests were performed during the last three days of OXT treatment, and OXT was administrated 20 minutes before each behavioral testing for each rat. Biochemical determination of oxidative stress markers in the temporal area included superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and malondialdehyde (MDA). A brief quantitative assessment of fecal discharge over a period of 24 hours was performed at the end of the OXT treatment to determine differences in intestinal transit. Results: OXT improved behavioral and oxidative stress status in both routes of administration, but IN treatment had significantly better outcome in improving short-term memory, alleviating depressive manifestations and mitigating lipid peroxidation in the temporal lobes. Significant correlations were also found between behavioral parameters and oxidative stress status in rats after OXT administration. The quantitative evaluation of the gastrointestinal (GI) transit indicated lower fecal pellet counts in the VPA group and homogenous average values for the control and both OXT treated groups. Conclusions: The data from the present study suggest OXT IN administration to be more efficient than IP injections in alleviating autistic cognitive and mood dysfunctions in a VPA-induced rat model. OXT effects on the cognitive and mood behavior of autistic rats may be associated with its effects on oxidative stress. Additionally, present results provide preliminary evidence that OXT may have a balancing effect on gastrointestinal motility.

The Effect of Exercising on Oxidative Stress Status and Pain in a Valproic-acid Induced Model of Autism Possible relevance of oxytocin

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 2028-2033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iulia Antioch ◽  
Dana Ababei ◽  
Radu Lefter ◽  
Alin Ciobica ◽  
Cezar Honceriu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Visceral Pain ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Hot Plate Test ◽  
Thermal Pain ◽  
Oxidative Stress Status ◽  
Local Inflammatory Reaction

In this report we will describe the effect of exercising (6 days, each day 3 separate training phases of 5 minutes each, on an adapted treadmill at 1.0 m/s) on oxidative stress status from the temporal lobe (expressed through 3 main parameters: superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as a marker of lipid peroxidation) and pain (as determined through 2 specific behavioural tasks such as hot plate test for the supraspinal acute thermal pain and the intra abdominal Zymosan administration for eliciting a local inflammatory reaction following responses to inflammatory visceral pain) in a rat valproic-acid induced perinatal model of autism, also trying to emphasize a possible implication of oxytocin in this complex pathological picture. We demonstrated here an increased oxidative stress status, as a result of treadmill exercising, in a VPA rat induced model of autism, as demonstrated mainly by a significant decrease in the specific activity of SOD (for the exercised VPA female rats), as well as a significant decrease of GPX specific activity in the male VPA exercised rats, when compared to non-exercised VPA groups, as well as the fact that the aforementioned series of exercises did not resulted in any changes of the pain perception of this rat models of autism, as studied in 2 pain-related behavioural tasks, independent to the gender of the rats with VPA model of autism.

Reply: Purkinje cell loss in essential tremor

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1330-1331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly A. Shill ◽  
Charles H. Adler ◽  
Joseph G. Hentz
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Essential Tremor ◽  
Cell Loss ◽  
Purkinje Cell Loss

scholarly journals Effects of Hydroethanolic Extract of Adenia lobata (Jacq.) Engl. (Passifloraceae) on Nociception and Subsequent Anxiety-like Behavior: Both Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Approaches

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-22
Author(s):  
Pacôme Kouadio N’Go ◽  
Lazare Tehoua ◽  
Eric-Kevin Gbouhoury Bolou ◽  
Aicha Salamentou Touré ◽  
Antoine Némé Tako
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Experimental Pain ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Protein Thiol ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Hot Plate Test ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Hydroethanolic Extract

Aims: Adenia lobata (Jacq.) Engl. (Passifloraceae) is widely used in Ivorian traditional pharmacopeia to heal various chronic diseases, relieve headache and pain of gingiva inflammation, and facilitate labor. Here, we investigated the effects of hydroethanolic extract Adenia lobata (HEAL) on nociceptive pain and subsequent anxiety-like behavior. Materials and Methods: We used several experimental pain tests as the writhing, formalin and hot plate to evaluate both antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory actions of the extract. Anxiety related to nociception was tested with open field and elevated plus maze tests. Then, mice were sacrificed for assessing some oxidative stress markers.    Results: The extract of 30 mg/kg, p.o. reduced in the similar manner as reference peripheral drug salcylicacetic acid (ASA, 200 mg/kg, i.p.) the number of writhings induced by acid acetic. In both neurogenic and inflammatory phases of formalin test, the extract demonstrated an effective antinociceptive activity than ASA, but comparable to central analgesic tramadol (50 mg/kg, i.p). However, Adenia lobata reduced lesser thermal-induced pain than tramadol in hot plate test, but significantly compared to ASA. Furthermore, HEAL altered anxiety-like behavior in each case of the pain condition studied. Also, the extract showed the highest antioxidant activity by reduction oxide nitric (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and increase non protein thiol (NP-SH) levels.     Conclusion: In conclusion, HEAL possesses antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory actions on peripheral and central mechanisms of pain. The phytochemicals components of the extract as alkaloids and flavonoids suggest to interact with the opioid system and combat the oxidative stress, respectively. Our findings provide scientific basis for the use of Adenia lobata in traditional medicine against pain and related diseases.

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