scholarly journals Empowerment in the Treatment of Diabetes and Obesity

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Włodzimierz Łuczyński ◽  
Barbara Głowińska-Olszewska ◽  
Artur Bossowski
Keyword(s):  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity ◽  
Positive Effect

As the available therapies for diabetes and obesity are not effective enough, diabetologists and educators search for new methods to collaborate with patients in order to support their health behaviors. The aim of this review is to discuss perspectives for the development of new empowerment-type therapies in the treatment of diabetes/obesity. Empowerment is a process whereby patients gain the necessary knowledge to influence their own behavior to improve the quality of their lives. It is carried out in five stages: (1) identify the problem, (2) explain the feelings and meanings, (3) build a plan, (4) act, and (5) experience and assess the execution. Although many years have passed since the advent and popularization of the concept of empowerment, the area remains controversial, mainly with regard to the methodology of therapy. Some previous studies have confirmed the positive effect of empowerment on body weight, metabolic control, and quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes; however, few studies have been conducted in patients with type 1 diabetes. There is still a need to confirm the effectiveness of empowerment in accordance with Evidence Based Medicine by performing long-term observational studies in a large group of patients. In future, empowerment may become part of the standard of care for patients with diabetes and/or obesity.

A Review of Pramlintide in the Management of Diabetes

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. CMT.S2369
Author(s):  
Caroline Messer ◽  
Dina Green
Keyword(s):  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Tight Glycemic Control ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Dependent

Tight glycemic control in type 1 and type 2 diabetes reduces the risk for microvascular complications, including retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Yet, despite intensive insulin regimens, many insulin-dependent patients are unable to achieve euglycemic states. This review will focus on pramlintide, an equipotent amylin analog, and its role in the management of diabetes. Pramlintide lowers glucose through the same mechanisms as amylin: it slows gastric emptying, suppresses the postprandial rise of glucagon in patients with diabetes, and promotes satiety. Long-term clinical trials have shown that the use of pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin minimizes postprandial glucose excursions and reduces both HbA1C and body weight when compared to placebo. Although its effects on HbA1C are modest, pramlintide has gained popularity as a result of its relatively few contraindications, limited side effects, minimal risk for hypoglycemia, and potential for weight loss. The combination of insulin and pramlintide may provide an effective means for patients with diabetes to meet their HbA1C goals.

scholarly journals Prospective Evaluation of Vitamin D Supplementation on Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus -A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 260-266
Author(s):  
Faisal Suliman Algaows ◽  
Fatema Abdullah Althkerallah ◽  
Norah Abdulmohsen Alsuwailem ◽  
Amnah Abdulnasser Mawlan Ahmed ◽  
Razan Fahad Alwagdani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Vitamin D Insufficiency ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Diabetic neuropathy is a long-term consequence of diabetes that can cause significant morbidity and a decline in quality of life in many individuals. Low vitamin D levels, in addition to causing rickets in infants and chondrosteoma in adults, may have a role in the development of DM and its underlying disorders, according to a growing body of evidence. Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to type 1 or type 2 diabetes, as well as the microvascular and macrovascular problems that come with it. Vitamin D insufficiency has been linked to diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) as an independent risk factor. Vitamin D, both topical and oral, has been shown to considerably improve DPN symptoms and pain.

scholarly journals Hypoglycaemia in Type 2 Diabetes – Clinical Consequences and Impact on Treatment

2010 ◽  
Vol 06 ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Chantal Mathieu ◽  
Claudia Filozof ◽  
Anthony H Barnett ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Careful Monitoring ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Impact On Treatment

For patients with diabetes, hypoglycaemia can present a number of risks ranging from mild to life-threatening in severity. Frequently occurring hypoglycaemia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Recent studies have found associations between intensive glycaemia treatment and an increased incidence of hypoglycaemia, prompting much discussion concerning the clinical significance of hypoglycaemia in the treatment of diabetes, especially considering that many hypoglycaemic episodes are subclinical and unrecognised. Hypoglycaemia has also been linked to an increased probability of developing dementia and, not surprisingly, poor quality of life as well. It may be helpful to try to prevent hypoglycaemic episodes through careful monitoring of patients with risk factors that predispose them to hypoglycaemia, while also selecting therapies that can minimise the incidence of hypoglycaemic episodes

scholarly journals Review of current guidelines for the treatment of type 2 diabetes

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
O. V. Kaminsky
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
First Line ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
New Guidelines

According to the WHO, diabetes is one of the five most dangerous chronic non-communicable diseases in the world. The annual increase in the number of patients with diabetes in Ukraine is about 5-10%. In 2020, the WHO published new guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes and updated its classification. Along with the already familiar type 1 and 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes, a new category of disease has emerged – hybrid forms of diabetes. In the section «Pharmacological management of diabetes» the WHO gives priority to the level of glycemia, the control of which avoids the development of microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes. Initial treatment, according to the WHO 2020, should begin with the appointment of metformin - a drug of the first line of treatment of patients with this disease. It is important that metformin does not cause weight gain, does not provoke hypoglycemia and is recommended for the treatment of people who do not reach the desired level of glycemia through diet and physical activity. Secondgeneration sulfonylureas can be used as an initial first-line treatment when metformin is contraindicated or intolerant. However, this is quite rare: in most cases, metformin is well tolerated by patients if administered gradually. That is, metformin, and, if necessary, sulfonylureas - is an effective, safe and affordable choice compared to expensive novelties, the effectiveness and safety of which have not been proven in long-term studies. In addition, in type 2 diabetes, metformin drugs will form additional effects: cardioprotection, oncoprotection, hepatoprotection, nephroprotection, additional hypoglycemic effect and will fight insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Once weekly semaglutide for treatment of obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Nasser Mikhail
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Background: Once weekly (OW) semaglutide 0.5-1.0 mg is a glucagon-like type-1 receptor agonist (GLR-1 RA) approved for treatment of type 2 diabetes and is currently under evaluation for treatment of obesity at a higher dose of 2.4 mg OW. Objective: to provide an appraisal of WO semaglutide 2.4 mg for treatment of obesity. Methods: Pubmed research up to March 22. Randomized trials, pertinent animal studies, and reviews are included. Search terms were glucagon-like type 1 receptor agonists, weight loss, obesity, semaglutide, safety, efficacy. Results: WO semaglutide 2.4 mg was evaluated as a weight loss agent in 3 well-designed clinical trials of 68 week-duration. In one trial including patients with type 2 diabetes, the difference in weight loss from baseline to week 68 between OW semaglutide and placebo was - 6.2 percentage points (95% CI, -7.3 to -5.2; P<0.0001). In the other 2 studies that excluded patients with diabetes, the difference in weight loss between OW semaglutide and placebo ranged between -10.3% and -12.4%. A significantly higher proportion of participants in the semaglutide groups vs placebo groups achieved at least 5% of weight loss. The most common adverse effects of semaglutide were related to the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Across these 3 trials, premature discontinuation of OW semaglutide occurred in 6-7% vs 3% in placebo groups. Conclusions: OW semaglutide may be a promising agent for treatment of obesity irrespective of presence of type 2 diabetes. Further studies are needed to establish its long-term safety and efficacy.

scholarly journals Type 2 diabetes and cancer: problems and suggestions for best patient management

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 184-204
Author(s):  
Agostino Milluzzo ◽  
Paolo Vigneri ◽  
Federica Martorana ◽  
Riccardo Vigneri ◽  
Laura Sciacca
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Course ◽  
Concomitant Disease ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
New Onset

Diabetes and cancer are widespread worldwide and the number of subjects presenting both diseases increased over the years. The management of cancer patients having diabetes represents a challenge not only because of the complexity and heterogeneity of these pathologies but also for the lack of standardised clinical guidelines. The diagnosis of cancer is traumatizing and monopolizes the attention of both patients and caregivers. Thus, pre-existent or new-onset diabetes can be overshadowed thus increasing the risk for short- and long-term adverse events. Moreover, drugs used for each disease can interfere with the clinical course of the concomitant disease, making challenging the management of these patients. Over the years, this issue has become more relevant because of the increased patients’ life expectancy due to the improved efficacy of diabetes and cancer therapies. The purpose of this review is to highlight what is known and what should be taken into consideration to optimise the clinical management of patients with diabetes and cancer. Due to the complexity of these diseases, a multidisciplinary, shared approach, including all the protagonists involved, is necessary to improve patients’ quality of life and lifespan.

851-P: Sleep and Quality of Life in Adolescents with Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 851-P
Author(s):  
MELISSA S. FAULKNER
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes

Possibilities and prospects of conservative therapy for endometriosis, as a chronical progressing disease (review of literature)

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana Yu. Pestrikova ◽  
Elena A. Yurasova ◽  
Igor V. Yurasov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Aim Analysis ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Terra Incognita ◽  
Positive Effect

Relevance. Endometriosis is a common gynecological disease that affects up to 10% of women of reproductive age worldwide and is the main cause of pain and infertility. Endometriosis is a disease, although it has been known for a long time, nevertheless, in many ways it represents terra incognita for modern medicine. Aim. Analysis of literature on the feasibility of long-term and the use of the drug dienogest 2 mg (Vizanne), which has a positive effect on the quality of life of patients with endometriosis. Materials and methods. To write this review, a search was made for domestic and foreign publications in Russian and international search engines (PubMed, eLibrary, etc.) over the past 13 years. The review included articles from peer-reviewed literature. Results. The review presents data on the difficulties of verifying the diagnosis of endometriosis due to a combination of this pathology with pain, infertility, abnormal uterine bleeding. The pathogenesis of the origin of endometriosis-associated pain is presented. The efficacy of the use of the drug dienogest (Vizanne), which has a powerful antiproliferative effect that reduces the main symptoms of endometriosis (pain, bleeding), is substantiated. The expediency of long-term and safe use of the drug dienogest (Vizanne), which has a positive effect on the quality of life of patients with endometriosis, has been proved. Conclusions. Numerous scientific publications confirm the feasibility of prolonged use of the drug dienogest (Vizanne), to achieve remission during endometriosis.

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