scholarly journals Physiological and Biochemical Changes in Moth Bean (Vigna aconitifolia L.) under Cadmium Stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poornima D. Vijendra ◽  
Kavitha M. Huchappa ◽  
Roopa Lingappa ◽  
Giridhara Basappa ◽  
Sathisha G. Jayanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Protein Carbonyls ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Vigna Aconitifolia ◽  
Moth Bean ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Drought Resistant ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Moth bean (Vigna aconitifolia L.), a drought resistant legume, possesses high nutritional value. Cadmium (Cd) is a nonessential and the most toxic heavy metal in plants. The present study was to test the hypothesis of whether moth bean being a drought resistant legume can withstand the cadmium stress. Ten-day-old moth bean seedlings were subjected to cadmium stress and investigated for a period of 15 days every 3-day intervals. Cadmium quantification in moth bean tissues suggests root accumulation and translocation to aerial parts in a concentration dependent manner. Results of physiological and biochemical studies revealed that cadmium has affected the growth parameters like shoot and root lengths and tissue dry weights. Significant alternations in relative water content and cell membrane stability were observed in stressed seedlings. Similarly superoxide radical, lipoxygenase activity, membrane lipid peroxidation products, protein carbonyls, and reduced glutathione and nonprotein thiols were found increased in stressed seedlings compared to controls. However, hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid levels were not altered significantly in both stressed and control seedlings. Cadmium translocation ability from roots to aerial parts and elevated levels of nonenzymatic antioxidants in stressed seedlings suggest the cadmium stress withstanding ability of moth bean.

In Vitro Attenuation of Thermal-Induced Protein Denaturation by Aerial Parts of Artemisia scoparia

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murad Ali Khan ◽  
Haroon Khan ◽  
Shafiq Ahmad Tariq ◽  
Samreen Pervez
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Denatured Protein ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Artemisia Scoparia

The goal of this study was to explore the aerial parts of Artemisia scoparia (crude extract, total flavonoid contents, and aqueous fraction) for protein denaturation potential. The crude extract provoked marked attenuation of thermal-induced denatured protein in a concentration-dependent manner with maximum inhibition of 54.05 μg/mL at 500 μg/mL and IC50 of 449.66 μg/mL. When total flavonoid contents were studied, it illustrated most dominant activity concentration dependently with maximum amelioration of 62.16 μg/mL at 500 μg/mL and IC50 of 378.35 μg/mL. The aqueous fraction also exhibited significant activity with maximum of 56.75% inhibition at 500 μg/mL and IC50 of 445.10 μg/mL. It can be concluded on the basis of the results that the crude extract, flavonoid contents, and aqueous fraction of the plant possessed significant inhibition on thermal-induced denatured protein.

scholarly journals Identification of Major α-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Stem Bark of Panamanian Mangrove Plant Pelliciera rhizophorae

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1901400
Author(s):  
Lilia Cherigo ◽  
Sergio Martínez-Luis
Keyword(s):  
Stem Bark ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Mangrove Plant ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Pentacyclic Triterpenes ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Glucosidase Inhibitors ◽  
Pelliciera Rhizophorae ◽  
First Time

In our continuous search for α-glucosidase inhibitors, three active pentacyclic triterpenes were isolated from stem bark samples of the Panamanian mangrove Pelliciera rhizophorae Triana & Planchon. These compounds were identified by both spectroscopic and spectrometric analysis. Of the isolated compounds, only betulinic acid has been previously isolated from P. rhizophorae leaves while both betulin (IC50 2.09 μM) and lupeol (IC50 0.58 μM) were isolated from this plant for the first time. All three pentacyclic triterpenes inhibited the α-glucosidase enzyme in a concentration-dependent manner, and their inhibitory activity was higher than that of the antidiabetic drug acarbose (IC50 241.6 μM). Kinetic analysis established that betulin and lupeol acted as competitive inhibitors. Finally, docking analysis suggested that all three triterpenes bind at the same site as acarbose does in the human intestinal α-glucosidase (PDB: 3TOP). This work contributes further evidence similar to previous studies that point out that the aerial parts of P. rhizophorae might be potential agents in controlling hyperglycemia in diabetic persons.

Studies on a drought resistant legume: The moth bean, Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq) marechal. II. morphogenetic studies

1984 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Godbole ◽  
M. N. Kunachgi ◽  
U. A. Potdar ◽  
K. V. Krishnamurthy ◽  
A. F. Mascarenhas
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Aconitifolia ◽  
Moth Bean ◽  
Drought Resistant

scholarly journals Photosynlhetic Inhibitory Activity of Dihydro-β-agarofurans Sesquiterpenes from Maytenus dislicha and Maytenus boaria (Celastraceae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 55 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 631-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Céspedes ◽  
Lahoucine Achnine ◽  
Julio Alarcón ◽  
José Becerra ◽  
Blas Lotina-Hennsen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transport ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Hill Reaction ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Structural Requirements ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Site Of Action ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Photosynthetic Activities

Abstract The effects of 9β-benzoyloxy-la, 2α, 6β, 8α, 15-pentaacetoxy-dihydro-β-agarofuran and 9β furoyloxy-1α, 6β, 8α-triacetoxy-dihydro-β-agarofuran, major phytogrowth inhibitors isolated from the aerial parts of Maytenus disticha (Celastraceae) and seeds of Maytenus boaria (Celastaraceae), respectively, on different photosynthetic activities of isolated spinach chloroplasts have been investigated. Photophosphorylation and electron transport (basal, phosphorylating and uncoupled) were inhibited in a concentration dependent manner by both compounds, therefore acting as Hill reaction inhibitors. The site of action of these natural compounds was located in the span from P680 to QA. 9β-benzoyloxy-1,2,6,8,15-pentaacetoxydihydro-β-agarofuran was one order of magnitude more potent (I50 = 2.6 μм) than 9β-furoyloxy-1,6,8,-triacetoxydihydro-β-agarofuran, suggesting that the substitution at C-9 and the acetoxy groups at carbons 2 and 15 are important structural requirements for the displayed inhibitory activity.

Auxin–ethylene interaction in transversal and longitudinal growth in maize primary root

Botany ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (10) ◽  
pp. 680-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Victoria Alarcón ◽  
Pedro G. Lloret ◽  
Julio Salguero
Keyword(s):  
Root Elongation ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Radial Expansion ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
High Concentrations

The auxin—ethylene interaction in regulating root elongation and radial expansion was analysed through the application of the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1- carboxylic acid (ACC) and the synthetic auxin 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). NAA and ACC, in the concentration range of 0.01–0.1 μmol/L and 1–5 μmol/L, respectively, inhibited root elongation and increased root diameter in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of auxin on root elongation was increased by ethylene applied at low as well as high concentrations. Auxin-induced radial expansion was also enhanced by ethylene, although this effect depended on the level of auxin applied. In the presence of very low exogenous auxin (0.01 μmol/L NAA), ethylene stimulated radial growth at both low and high levels (1–5 μmol/L ACC), whereas the effect of higher auxin concentrations (>0.025 μmol/L NAA) was only enhanced by high ethylene production (5 μmol/L ACC). Interaction was analysed by two-way ANOVA; the results showed that both the effect of each hormone and the interactions responsible for controlling elongation and radial expansion were concentration-dependent. The relative effects of auxin and ethylene on the two growth parameters were also analysed; they showed different types of behaviour. In summary, the results obtained suggest that auxin is the main hormone involved in regulating root growth but that ethylene may modulate its effects. Our research also suggests that root elongation and radial expansion may be independently regulated despite being closely related.

scholarly journals Destruction of Moth Bean (Vigna aconitifolia (jacq.) Marechal) Morphological Aspect and Biochemical Constituents during Dairy Effluent Irrigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
M Lenin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Morphological Aspect ◽  
Dairy Effluent ◽  
Vigna Aconitifolia ◽  
Moth Bean ◽  
Biochemical Constituents ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Normal Water ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The current exploration is being fetched out to evaluate the consequence of dairy effluent on morphological aspect and biochemical constituents in Moth bean (Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal). For this, experimentation work dairy effluents were amassed from the outlet of milk processing plants. The diverse concentrations used for the effluent were Control (normal water), 5, 25, 50, 75 and 100%. The growth parameters viz., Shoot Length (SL), Roots Length (RL), Number of Leaves (NL), Total Leaf Area (TLA), Fresh Weight (FW) and Dry Weight (DW), and the biochemical issue like viz., chlorophyll ‘a’, chlorophyll ‘b’, total chlorophyll, carotenoid, reducing, non-reducing sugar, total sugars, starch, amino acid, and protein content were analysed

scholarly journals In vitro effects of compounds isolated from Sideritis brevibracteata on bovine kidney cortex glutathione reductase.

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Berivan Tandogan ◽  
Ayşegül Güvenç ◽  
İhsan Çalış ◽  
Nuriye Nuray Ulusu
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Kidney Cortex ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Bovine Kidney ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
In Vitro Effects

Glutathione reductase (GR, E.C 1.6.4.2) is a flavoprotein that catalyzes NADPH-dependent reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH). The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro effects of phenolic compounds isolated from Sideritis brevibracteata on bovine kidney GR. The Sideritis species are widely found in nature and commonly used as medicinal plants. 7-O-glycosides of 8-OH-flavones (hypolaetin, isoscutellarein and 3'-hydroxy-4'-O-methylisoscutellarein) were isolated from aerial parts of Sideritis brevibracteata. These compounds inhibited bovine kidney cortex GR in a concentration-dependent manner. Kinetic characterization of the inhibition was also performed.

scholarly journals Bacterial Isolate Inhabiting Spitsbergen Soil Modifies the Physiological Response of Phaseolus coccineus in Control Conditions and under Exogenous Application of Methyl Jasmonate and Copper Excess

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Hanaka ◽  
Artur Nowak ◽  
Andrzej Plak ◽  
Sławomir Dresler ◽  
Ewa Ozimek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Bacterial Isolate ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Copper Stress ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Exogenous Application ◽  
Cu Stress ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the study was to demonstrate the potential of the promotion and regulation of plant physiology and growth under control and copper stress conditions, and the impact of the exogenous application of methyl jasmonate on this potential. Runner bean plants were treated with methyl jasmonate (1 or 10 µM) (J; J1 or J10) and Cu (50 µM), and inoculated with a bacterial isolate (S17) originating from Spitsbergen soil, and identified as Pseudomonas luteola using the analytical profile index (API) test. Above- and under-ground plant parts were analyzed. The growth parameters; the concentration of the photosynthetic pigments, elements, flavonoids (FLAVO), phenolics (TPC), allantoin (ALLA), and low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs); the activity of antioxidant enzymes and enzymes of resistance induction pathways (e.g., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate (APX) and guaiacol (GPX) peroxidase, glucanase (GLU), and phenylalanine (PAL) and tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL)), and the antioxidant capacity (AC) were studied. The leaves exhibited substantially higher ALLA and LMWOA concentrations as well as PAL and TAL activities, whereas the roots mostly had higher activities for a majority of the enzymes tested (i.e., SOD, CAT, APX, GPX, and GLU). The inoculation with S17 mitigated the effect of the Cu stress. Under the Cu stress and in the presence of J10, isolate S17 caused an elevation of the shoot fresh weight, K concentration, and TAL activity in the leaves, and APX and GPX (also at J1) activities in the roots. In the absence of Cu, isolate S17 increased the root length and the shoot-to-root ratio, but without statistical significance. In these conditions, S17 contributed to a 236% and 34% enhancement of P and Mn, respectively, in the roots, and a 19% rise of N in the leaves. Under the Cu stress, S17 caused a significant increase in FLAVO and TPC in the leaves. Similarly, the levels of FLAVO, TPC, and AC were enhanced after inoculation with Cu and J1. Regardless of the presence of J, inoculation at Cu excess caused a reduction of SOD and CAT activities, and an elevation of GPX. The effects of inoculation were associated with the application of Cu and J, which modified plant response mainly in a concentration-dependent manner (e.g., PAL, TAL, and LMWOA levels). The conducted studies demonstrated the potential for isolate S17 in the promotion of plant growth.

The Anti-Atherogenic Properties of Sesamin are Mediated via Improved Macrophage Cholesterol Efflux Through PPARγ1-LXRα and MAPK Signaling

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin F. Majdalawieh ◽  
Hyo-Sung Ro
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Foam Cell ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Foam Cell Formation ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Macrophage Cholesterol Efflux

Background: Foam cell formation resulting from disrupted macrophage cholesterol efflux, which is triggered by PPARγ1 and LXRα, is a hallmark of atherosclerosis. Sesamin and sesame oil exert anti-atherogenic effects in vivo. However, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying such effects are not fully understood. Aim: This study examines the potential effects of sesamin (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 μM) on PPARγ1 and LXRα expression and transcriptional activity as well as macrophage cholesterol efflux. Methods: PPARγ1 and LXRα expression and transcriptional activity are assessed by luciferase reporter assays. Macrophage cholesterol efflux is evaluated by ApoAI-specific cholesterol efflux assays. Results: The 50 μM, 75 μM, and 100 μM concentrations of sesamin up-regulated the expression of PPARγ1 (p< 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively) and LXRα (p = 0.002, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively) in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, 75 μM and 100 μM concentrations of sesamin led to 5.2-fold (p < 0.001) and 6.0-fold (p<0.001) increases in PPAR transcriptional activity and 3.9-fold (p< 0.001) and 4.2-fold (p < 0.001) increases in LXR transcriptional activity, respectively, in a concentration- and time-dependent manner via MAPK signaling. Consistently, 50 μM, 75 μM, and 100 μM concentrations of sesamin improved macrophage cholesterol efflux by 2.7-fold (p < 0.001), 4.2-fold (p < 0.001), and 4.2-fold (p < 0.001), respectively, via MAPK signaling. Conclusion: Our findings shed light on the molecular mechanism(s) underlying sesamin’s anti-atherogenic effects, which seem to be due, at least in part, to its ability to up-regulate PPARγ1 and LXRα expression and transcriptional activity, improving macrophage cholesterol efflux. We anticipate that sesamin may be used as a therapeutic agent for treating atherosclerosis.

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