scholarly journals Correlates of Nine-Month Retention following Interim Buprenorphine-Naloxone Treatment in Opioid Dependence: A Pilot Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Håkansson ◽  
C. Widinghoff ◽  
T. Abrahamsson ◽  
C. Gedeon
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Opioid Dependence ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Treatment Phase ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Interim Phase ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
Naloxone Treatment

Interim medication-only treatment has been suggested for the initiation of opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) in opioid-dependent subjects, but this rarely has been studied using buprenorphine instead of methadone. Following a pilot trial assessing interim buprenorphine-naloxone treatment in order to facilitate transfer into OMT, we here aimed to study retention, and potential correlates of retention, in full-scale treatment. Thirty-six patients successfully referred from a waiting list through an interim treatment phase were followed for nine months in OMT. Baseline characteristics, as well as urine analyses during the interim phase and during full-scale OMT, were studied as potential correlates of retention. The nine-month retention in OMT was 83 percent (n=30). While interim-phase urine samples positive for benzodiazepines did not significantly predict dropout from full-scale OMT (p=0.09), urine samples positive for benzodiazepines within full-scale OMT were significantly associated with dropout (p<0.01), in contrast to other substances and baseline characteristics. Retention remained high through nine months in this pilot study sample of patients referred through buprenorphine-naloxone interim treatment, but use of benzodiazepines is problematic, and the present data suggest that it may be associated with treatment dropout.

Biotower Pilot Study Results for a Photographic and Specialty Paper Manufacturer

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 2109-2112
Author(s):  
J. G. Cleary ◽  
T. J. Boehm ◽  
R. J. Geary
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
New York State ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Salmon River ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Comparable Performance ◽  
Pollutant Discharge

Schoeller Technical Papers, Inc. (Schoeller), which manufactures photographic and other specialty papers, is located in Pulaski, New York. The wastewater treatment system consists of a primary clarifier and two settling lagoons. Secondary treatment using a biotower was proposed to meet the new New York State Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (SPDES) discharge limits for BOD and TSS. The effluent from each basin is discharged directly to the Salmon River, at an approximate average flow of 1.6 million gallons/day (mgd). A biotower pilot study was performed to evaluate the suitability of a biotower treatment process for treating the total effluent from Schoeller's facility. The pilot study was used to select the media for the full-scale biotower and to confirm the design loading for the full-scale biotower, which proceeded in parallel with the pilot study due to the schedule constraints. Two pilot systems were operated to compare a conventional cross-flow and vertical media. Test data were collected to evaluate the performance of each pilot treatment system at a range of loading conditions and to develop the design loading information for the full-scale plant. The pilot units were operated for a period of 10 months. BOD concentrations to the pilot units averaged 58 mg/l with a peak of 210 mg/l. Approximately 80% of the BOD was soluble. BOD loadings averaged 21 lb BOD/day/1,000 cubic feet with a peak of 77 lb BOD/day/1,000 cubic feet. Both pilot units achieved excellent BOD removals exceeding 75%, with average effluent soluble BOD concentration less than 10 mg/l and average effluent TSS concentrations of 12 mg/l. The two media achieved comparable performance throughout most of the pilot study.

Experiment of Polyester Wastewater Treatment by Aerobic Membrane Bioreactor and an Engineering Application

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 2130-2137
Author(s):  
Si Hao Lv ◽  
Hui Chang ◽  
Zhi Hui Liang ◽  
Yan Yan Zeng ◽  
Hong Bo Fan
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Effluent Water ◽  
Small Influence ◽  
Volumetric Loading

A pilot study was carried out to evaluate the application of aerobic submerged MBR in treating polyester wastewater and a full scale system in which MBR was adopted as the key aspect was put forward to treat the polyester wastewater of Zhuhai Yuhua Polyester co., Ltd., China. The pilot study revealed that HRT could be affected by the influent COD, and a HRT larger than 36h was proposed for treating polyester wastewater by MBR. Volumetric loading rate and sludge loading rate ranged in 0.7-2.0 kgCOD/m3•d and 0.09~0.24 kgCOD/ kgMLSS•d respectively were of small influence on the COD removal. DO in the range of 2.5-4.0 mg/L seemed to be optimal for avoiding limitations due to oxygen concentration and creating an effective turbulence. The modified full scale system which includes anaerobic digesting tank and MBR followed by a stabilization pond was verified to be effective to treat the polyester wastewater in the latest two years. The results illustrated that the effluent water quality could meet the discharge limits of water pollutants (DB 44/26-2001) which was established in Guangdong, China. Observed sludge yield of the system fluctuated between 0.10-0.18 gMLSS/gCOD and averaged at 0.137 gMLSS/gCOD. The membrane permeate at around 10 L/m2h, TMP of less than 0.7bar, and total mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) between 6-7g/L were suitable to operate the MBR.

scholarly journals Patient characteristics associated with buprenorphine/naloxone treatment outcome for prescription opioid dependence: Results from a multisite study

2013 ◽  
Vol 131 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 112-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica A. Dreifuss ◽  
Margaret L. Griffin ◽  
Katherine Frost ◽  
Garrett M. Fitzmaurice ◽  
Jennifer Sharpe Potter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Opioid Dependence ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Naloxone Treatment

Determination of cannabinoids in oral fluid and urine of “light cannabis” consumers: a pilot study

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Pacifici ◽  
Simona Pichini ◽  
Manuela Pellegrini ◽  
Roberta Tittarelli ◽  
Flaminia Pantano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
A Value ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Confirmation Analysis

Abstract Background In those countries where cannabis use is still illegal, some manufacturers started producing and selling “light cannabis”: dried flowering tops containing the psychoactive principle Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) at concentrations lower than 0.2% together with variable concentration of cannabidiol (CBD). We here report a pilot study on the determination of cannabinoids in the oral fluid and urine of six individuals after smoking 1 g of “light cannabis”. Methods On site screening for oral fluid samples was performed, as a laboratory immunoassay test for urine samples. A validated gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was then applied to quantify THC and CBD, independently from results of screening tests. Results On site screening for oral fluid samples, with a THC cut-off of 25 ng/mL gave negative results for all the individuals at different times after smoking. Similarly, negative results for urine samples screening from all the individuals were obtained. Confirmation analyses showed that oral fluid THC was in the concentration range from 2.5 to 21.5 ng/mL in the first 30 min after smoking and then values slowly decreased. CBD values were usually one order of magnitude higher than those of THC. THC-COOH, the principal urinary THC metabolite, presented the maximum urinary value of 1.8 ng/mL, while urinary CBD had a value of 15.1 ng/mL. Conclusions Consumers of a single 1 g dose of “light cannabis” did not result as positive in urine screening, assessing recent consumption, so that confirmation would not be required. Conversely, they might result as positive to oral fluid testing with some on-site kits, with THC cut-off lower than 25 ng/mL, at least in the first hour after smoking and hence confirmation analysis can be then required. No conclusions can be drawn of eventual chronic users.

scholarly journals Lactate levels as a marker of tissue hypoperfusion in acute heart failure patients seen in the emergency department: a pilot study

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kori Sauser ◽  
Lora Alkhawam ◽  
Linda Pierchala ◽  
Peter S. Pang
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Acute Heart Failure ◽  
Tissue Ischemia ◽  
Tissue Hypoperfusion ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Elevated Lactate ◽  
Mean Heart Rate

Acute heart failure (AHF) may lead to subclinical tissue ischemia due to hypoperfusion from inadequate forward flow or congestion. The aim of the present study is to test whether lactate levels are elevated in emergency department (ED) patients with AHF. A prospective pilot study of ED AHF patients was conducted. Venous lactate level was measured at baseline and 6-12 hours after initial draw. Of the 50 patients enrolled, mean age was 65.3 years, 68% were male. Only 7 (14%) had an elevated lactate on either draw, with no differences in baseline characteristics between patients with and without elevated lactate. Patients with an elevated lactate had a higher mean heart rate (99 <em>vs</em> 81, P=0.03) and trended toward an increased rate of abnormal initial temperature (57 <em>vs</em> 23%, P=0.06). In this pilot study, only a minority of acute HF patients had an elevated lactate on presentation.

scholarly journals Investigating the dynamics of Leishmania antigen in the urine of patients with visceral leishmaniasis: a pilot study

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1514
Author(s):  
Prakash Ghosh ◽  
Israel Cruz ◽  
Albert Picado ◽  
Thomas Edwards ◽  
Md. Anik Ashfaq Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Treatment Monitoring ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Urinary Antigen ◽  
Antigen Concentration ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Antigen Elisa

Background: Detection of Leishmania antigens in the urine provides a non-invasive means of diagnosis and treatment monitoring of cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Leishmania antigen load in the urine may vary between different time-points within a day, thus influencing the performance of antigen-detection tests. Methods: We investigated the dynamics of Leishmania antigen in urine collected at three different time points (08:00, 12:00 and 16:00 hours). All urine samples collected were tested with the Leishmania Antigen ELISA (VL ELISA) kit, produced by Kalon Biological Ltd., UK. Results: The median concentration of Leishmania antigen in urine collected at 08:00 (2.7 UAU-urinary antigen units/ml) was higher than at 12:00 (1.7 UAU/ml) and at 16:00 (1.9 UAU/ml). These differences were found to be statistically significant (08:00 vs. 12:00, p=0.011; 08:00 vs. 16:00, p=0.041). Conclusion: This pilot study indicates that the Leishmania antigen concentration is higher in urine samples collected in the morning, which has important implications when the VL ELISA kit or other tests to detect Leishmania antigen in urine are used for diagnosis of VL and treatment monitoring.

scholarly journals Pre-exposure prophylaxis adherence with real-time adherence feedback and partner HIV self-testing: A pilot trial among postpartum women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dvora L Joseph Davey ◽  
Kathryn Dovel ◽  
Rufaro Mvududu ◽  
Dorothy Nyemba ◽  
Nyiko Mashele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Care Clinic ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Testing ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Background: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is safe and effective in postpartum women. HIV self-testing (HIVST) for partners combined with biofeedback counselling through real-time adherence measures may improve daily PrEP use among postpartum women. Methods: Between August 2020 and April 2021 we conducted a pilot study in one primary care clinic in Cape Town, South Africa. We randomized postpartum women who initiated PrEP in pregnancy 1:1 to the intervention group (HIVST + biofeedback counselling following urine tenofovir test) or to standard of care (facility-based HIV tests and routine counselling without biofeedback). The outcomes of interest were PrEP adherence in the past 48-72hours via urine tenofovir tests and partner HIV testing, measured 1-month after randomisation. Secondary outcomes included proportion of partners who tested for HIV and discrepancy between self-reported PrEP adherence and urine tenofovir result. Results: We enrolled 106 women (median age=26 years; median months postpartum=2). Almost half of women reported having sex since giving birth (48%); 76% of those reported condomless sex at last sex. At enrolment most women (72%) reported missing <2 doses in the past 7-days; 36% of women had tenofovir present in her urine (no significant differences by arm). One month after enrolment, 62% (n=33) of women in the intervention arm had tenofovir present in their urine compared to 34% (n=18) in the standard of care arm (RR=1.83; 95% CI=1.19, 2.82). Two-thirds of women in the intervention arm reported that her partner tested for HIV (66%; n=35); compared to 17% (n=9) in the standard of care arm (RR=3.89; 95% CI=2.08, 7.27). The proportion of women with a discrepant adherence result (self-reported good recent adherence with no tenofovir in urine test) was significantly lower in the intervention group (n=8; 17%) compared to the standard of care group (n=24; 46%) (RR=0.33; 95% CI=0.17, 0.67). No social or clinical adverse events were reported in the intervention arm. Conclusions: In this pilot study, HIVST for partners and biofeedback counseling increased levels of recent PrEP adherence, pointing to the importance of these interventions to support PrEP use in this population.

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