scholarly journals Best L1 Piecewise Monotonic Data Approximation in Overhead and Underground Medium-Voltage and Low-Voltage Broadband over Power Lines Networks: Theoretical and Practical Transfer Function Determination

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios G. Lazaropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
Data Approximation ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Piecewise Monotonic

This paper investigates the efficiency and accuracy of the best L1 piecewise monotonic data approximation (best L1PMA) in order either to approximate the transfer functions of distribution BPL networks or to reveal the aforementioned transfer functions when various faults occur during their determination. The contribution of this paper is quadruple. First, based on the inherent piecewise monotonicity of distribution BPL transfer functions, a piecewise monotonic data approximation is first applied in BPL networks; best L1PMA is outlined and applied during the determination of distribution BPL transfer functions. Second, suitable performance metrics such as the percent error sum (PES) and fault PES are reported and applied so as to assess the efficiency and accuracy of the best L1PMA during the determination of distribution BPL transfer functions. Third, the factors of distribution BPL networks that influence the performance of best L1PMA are identified. Fourth, the accuracy of the best L1PMA is assessed with respect to its inherent properties, namely, the assumed number of monotonic sections and the nature of faults, that is, faults that follow either continuous uniform distribution (CUD) or normal distribution (ND), during the determination of distribution BPL transfer functions. Finally, best L1PMA may operate as the necessary intermediate antifault method for the theoretical and practical transfer function determination of distribution BPL networks.

scholarly journals Towards Modal Integration of Overhead and Underground Low-Voltage and Medium-Voltage Power Line Communication Channels in the Smart Grid Landscape: Model Expansion, Broadband Signal Transmission Characteristics, and Statistical Performance Metrics (Invited Paper)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios G. Lazaropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
Delay Spread ◽  
Transmission Characteristics ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
End To End

The established statistical analysis, already used to treat overhead transmission power grid networks, is now implemented to examine the factors influencing modal transmission characteristics and modal statistical performance metrics of overhead and underground low-voltage/broadband over power lines (LV/BPL) and medium-voltage/broadband over power lines (MV/BPL) channels associated with power distribution in smart grid (SG) networks. The novelty of this paper is threefold. First, a refined multidimensional chain scattering matrix (TM2) method suitable for overhead and underground LV/BPL and MV/BPL modal channels is evaluated against other relative theoretical and experimental proven models. Second, applying TM2 method, the end-to-end modal channel attenuation of various LV/BPL and MV/BPL multiconductor transmission line (MTL) configurations is determined. The LV/BPL and MV/BPL transmission channels are investigated with regard to their spectral behavior and their end-to-end modal channel attenuation. It is found that the above features depend drastically on the frequency, the type of power grid, the mode considered, the MTL configuration, the physical properties of the cables used, the end-to-end distance, and the number, the electrical length, and the terminations of the branches encountered along the end-to-end BPL signal propagation. Third, the statistical properties of various overhead and underground LV/BPL and MV/BPL modal channels are investigated revealing the correlation between end-to-end modal channel attenuation and modal root-mean-square delay spread (RMS-DS). Already verified in the case of overhead high-voltage (HV) BPL systems, this fundamental property of several wireline systems is also modally validated against relevant sets of field measurements, numerical results, and recently proposed statistical channel models for various overhead and underground LV/BPL and MV/BPL channels. Based on this common inherent attribute of either transmission or distribution BPL networks, new unified regression trend line is proposed giving a further boost towards BPL system intraoperability. A consequence of this paper is that it aids in gaining a better understanding of the range and coverage that BPL solutions can achieve; a preliminary step toward the system symbiosis between BPL systems and other broadband technologies in an SG environment.

Error analyses of a Multi-Input-Multi-Output cantilever beam test

2021 ◽  
pp. 107754632110337
Author(s):  
Arup Maji ◽  
Fernando Moreu ◽  
James Woodall ◽  
Maimuna Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Cantilever Beam ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Linear Superposition ◽  
Transfer Function Matrix ◽  
Error Analyses ◽  
Pseudo Inverse ◽  
Function Matrix

Multi-Input-Multi-Output vibration testing typically requires the determination of inputs to achieve desired response at multiple locations. First, the responses due to each input are quantified in terms of complex transfer functions in the frequency domain. In this study, two Inputs and five Responses were used leading to a 5 × 2 transfer function matrix. Inputs corresponding to the desired Responses are then computed by inversion of the rectangular matrix using Pseudo-Inverse techniques that involve least-squared solutions. It is important to understand and quantify the various sources of errors in this process toward improved implementation of Multi-Input-Multi-Output testing. In this article, tests on a cantilever beam with two actuators (input controlled smart shakers) were used as Inputs while acceleration Responses were measured at five locations including the two input locations. Variation among tests was quantified including its impact on transfer functions across the relevant frequency domain. Accuracy of linear superposition of the influence of two actuators was quantified to investigate the influence of relative phase information. Finally, the accuracy of the Multi-Input-Multi-Output inversion process was investigated while varying the number of Responses from 2 (square transfer function matrix) to 5 (full-rectangular transfer function matrix). Results were examined in the context of the resonances and anti-resonances of the system as well as the ability of the actuators to provide actuation energy across the domain. Improved understanding of the sources of uncertainty from this study can be used for more complex Multi-Input-Multi-Output experiments.

scholarly journals Broadband over Power Lines Systems Convergence: Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Communications Analysis of Overhead and Underground Low-Voltage and Medium-Voltage BPL Networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios G. Lazaropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Modal Analysis ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
Mimo Channels ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Input Multiple Output ◽  
Value Decomposition

This review paper reveals the broadband potential of overhead and underground low-voltage (LV) and medium-voltage (MV) broadband over power lines (BPL) networks associated with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology. The contribution of this review paper is fourfold. First, the unified value decomposition (UVD) modal analysis is introduced. UVD modal analysis is a new technique that unifies eigenvalue decomposition (EVD) and singular value decomposition (SVD) modal analyses achieving the common handling of traditional SISO/BPL and upcoming MIMO/BPL systems. The validity of UVD modal analysis is examined by comparing its simulation results with those of other exact analytical models. Second, based on the proposed UVD modal analysis, the MIMO channels of overhead and underground LV and MV BPL networks (distribution BPL networks) are investigated with regard to their inherent characteristics. Towards that direction, an extended collection of well-validated metrics from the communications literature, such as channel attenuation, average channel gain (ACG), root-mean-square delay spread (RMS-DS), coherence bandwidth (CB), cumulative capacity, capacity complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF), and capacity gain (GC), is first applied in overhead and underground MIMO/LV and MIMO/MV BPL channels and systems. It is found that the results of the aforementioned metrics portfolio depend drastically on the frequency, the power grid type (either overhead or underground, either LV or MV), the MIMO scheme configuration properties, the MTL configuration, the physical properties of the cables used, the end-to-end distance, and the number, the electrical length, and the terminations of the branches encountered along the end-to-end BPL signal propagation. Third, three interesting findings concerning the statistical properties of MIMO channels of distribution BPL networks are demonstrated, namely, (i) the ACG, RMS-DS, and cumulative capacity lognormal distributions; (ii) the correlation between RMS-DS and ACG; and (iii) the correlation between RMS-DS and CB. By fitting the numerical results, unified regression distributions appropriate for MIMO/BPL channels and systems are proposed. These three fundamental properties can play significant role in the evaluation of recently proposed statistical channel models for various BPL systems. Fourth, the potential of transformation of overhead and underground LV/BPL and MV/BPL distribution grids to an alternative solution to fiber-to-the-building (FTTB) technology is first revealed. By examining the capacity characteristics of various MIMO scheme configurations and by comparing these capacity results against SISO ones, a new promising urban backbone network seems to be born in a smart grid (SG) environment.

Review of Channel Characterization for Power Line Communications

2010 ◽  
Vol 108-111 ◽  
pp. 771-776
Author(s):  
Nan Tian Huang ◽  
Xiao Sheng Liu ◽  
Dian Guo Xu
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Power Line ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Actual Measurement ◽  
Power Line Communications ◽  
Medium Voltage

The power line communication (PLC) channel has been a transmission medium that enables to transfer high-speed digital data through the classical electrical wires. Channel characteristics of power lines are very important for communications systems design. In order to get the suitable model for power line communications analysis and improve the PLC communication quality, researchers do lots of study about the PLC channel characterizations based on actual measurement and theoretical analysis. This paper reviews the conclusions of recent studies, summaries the characteristics of PLC channel for medium voltage power lines and low voltage power lines. The further research is also put forward.

Thermoacoustic Stability Analysis of an Annular Combustion Chamber With Acoustic Low Order Modeling and Validation Against Experiment

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Kopitz ◽  
Andreas Huber ◽  
Thomas Sattelmayer ◽  
Wolfgang Polifke
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
Network Model ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Scaling Methods ◽  
Annular Combustor ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Operating Points ◽  
Low Order

A low order acoustic network model is used to examine the stability of an annular combustor for different operating points. The results obtained by this approach are compared against experimental data from a full annular combustor. This annular combustor, in contrast to commonly used single burners or sector rigs, was used to include also 2-dimensional effects like the influence of circumferential modes, which can occur in practical gas turbine applications. The influence of the flame enters the network model simulation through an experimentally measured flame transfer function in terms of the response of heat release to acoustic velocity fluctuations. This flame transfer function, which has been measured at a stable operating point, is then used as a basis for the determination of flame transfer functions at other operating points by means of scaling methods. The transition to instability is thereby simulated by determination of the complex eigen modes, applying methods from control theory. The analytically determined stability behavior is compared to the experimentally measured one, with the aim to enhance and validate the network model approach as a means of predicting combustion instabilities in early design stages.

scholarly journals Review and Progress towards the Capacity Boost of Overhead and Underground Medium-Voltage and Low-Voltage Broadband over Power Lines Networks: Cooperative Communications through Two- and Three-Hop Repeater Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios G. Lazaropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Communications ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Initial Distribution ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
Coupling Scheme ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Contour Plots ◽  
Multiconductor Transmission Line ◽  
Capacity Performance

This paper reviews and analyzes the broadband capacity and the coexistence potential of overhead and underground medium-voltage/broadband over power lines (MV/BPL) and low-voltage/broadband over power lines (LV/BPL) topologies when one and two repeaters are additively deployed between their existing transmitting and receiving ends (overhead and underground MV/BPL and LV/BPL topologies with two- and three-hop repeater system, respectively). The contribution of this paper is four fold. First, the factors that influence the broadband capacity performance of overhead and underground MV/BPL and LV/BPL topologies with multihop repeater systems are identified, namely the number of repeaters, the distribution power grid type—either overhead or underground, either MV or LV, the initial distribution BPL topology, the multiconductor transmission line configuration, and coupling scheme applied. Second, the well-validated applicability of two-hop repeater systems is now extended in overhead and underground LV/BPL and MV/BPL networks. The significant mitigating role of two-hop repeater systems against capacity losses due to aggravated topologies or different coupling schemes is verified. Third, the deployment upgrade of two- to three-hop repeater systems in distribution BPL topologies is first examined in terms of broadband capacity performance. To study the occurred capacity improvement, suitable capacity contour plots are first proposed. Fourth, multi-hop repeater systems are identified as valuable technology solution so that the required intraoperability between overhead and underground MV/BPL and LV/BPL networks, which is a prerequisite condition before BPL systems symbiosis with other broadband technologies (interoperability), is promoted.

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