Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome in the Philippines: A Systematic Review

Background. As part of regional elimination efforts, rubella-containing vaccines (RCV) have recently been introduced in the Philippines, yet the true burden of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in the country is largely unknown.Objective. To provide baseline information on rubella and CRS prior to routine vaccine introduction in the Philippines.Methods. We conducted a systematic literature review on rubella and CRS in the Philippines, including a cross-sectional study conducted in 2002 among 383 pregnant women attending the obstetric outpatient clinic of the Philippine General Hospital to assess rubella susceptibility of women of childbearing age.Results. 15 locally published and unpublished studies were reviewed. Susceptibility to rubella among women of childbearing age was higher in rural communities. Retrospective reviews revealed congenital heart diseases, cataracts, and hearing impairments to be most common presentations in children of CRS. In the cross-sectional study, 59 (15.4%) of the 383 pregnant women enrolled were seronegative for rubella IgG.Conclusion. Similar to other countries introducing RCV, it was only recently that surveillance for rubella has been established. Previous studies show substantial disabilities due to CRS and a substantial proportion of susceptible women who are at risk for having babies affected with CRS. Establishment of CRS surveillance and enhanced awareness on rubella case detection should be prioritized.

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An Evaluation of Awareness, Knowledge, and Use of Folic Acid and Dietary Folate Intake among Non-Pregnant Women of Childbearing Age and Pregnant Women: A Cross-Sectional Study from Turkey

Ecology of Food and Nutrition ◽

10.1080/03670244.2020.1807344 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Merve Şeyda Karaçil Ermumcu ◽

Özge Mengi Çelik ◽

Nilüfer Acar Tek

Keyword(s):

Folic Acid ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Folate Intake ◽

Women Of Childbearing Age ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Childbearing Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary Folate ◽

Dietary Folate Intake

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Pregnancy protection and pregnancies in women prescribed ACE inhibitors or ARBs: a cross-sectional study in primary care

British Journal of General Practice ◽

10.3399/bjgp20x712997 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 70 (700) ◽

pp. e778-e784

Author(s):

Elizabeth Lovegrove ◽

John Robson ◽

Patricia McGettigan

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Ace Inhibitors ◽

Ace Inhibitor ◽

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Women Of Childbearing Age ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Childbearing Age ◽

Cross Sectional

BackgroundThe teratogenic risks of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are well documented, but prescribing these in younger women in primary care is becoming increasingly frequent.AimTo record how frequently women of childbearing age, who are prescribed an ACE inhibitor or ARB, receive preconception advice and/or are prescribed contraception, and how many pregnancies, terminations, and miscarriages occur in this population. Additionally, to ascertain whether patterns in the above differ across age groups.Design and settingCross-sectional study conducted among patients from 141 general practices in East London.MethodWomen aged 15–45 years who were issued a prescription for an ACE inhibitor or ARB between 1 October 2018 and 1 January 2019 inclusive were included. An electronic search strategy was designed to extract pseudonymised data concerning preconception and contraception advice, contraception, and pregnancies from the electronic clinical system; this was applied to the selected cohort on 1 January 2019. Data were analysed in 5-year age groups.ResultsOf 302 939 women aged 15–45 years, 2651 (0.9%) were prescribed an ACE inhibitor or an ARB in a 3-month period. Of these, 2159 (81.4%) had no advice and no contraception prescription recorded, 35 (1.3%) had preconception advice recorded, and 230 (8.7%) had contraception advice recorded. A total of 100 pregnancies and 21 terminations/miscarriages were recorded in the 12 months preceding the index date (1 January 2019).ConclusionThis study found that the recording of pre-pregnancy advice and contraception in women of childbearing age who were prescribed an ACE inhibitor or an ARB was suboptimal; this may place women and their babies at risk of exposure to teratogens during pregnancy. The findings indicate that there is a need for improved safety strategies based in primary care.

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Recent trends in seroprevalence of rubella in Korean women of childbearing age: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030873 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. e030873 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rihwa Choi ◽

Yejin Oh ◽

Youngju Oh ◽

Sung Ho Kim ◽

Sang Gon Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Korean Women ◽

Test Results ◽

Women Of Childbearing Age ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Childbearing Age ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Specific Igg ◽

Catch Up

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the immunity against rubella using the serological status of rubella-specific IgG antibodies (antirubella IgG) in Korean women of childbearing age (15–49 years).DesignRetrospective cross-sectional study.SettingPopulation-based cross-sectional study in South Korea.ParticipantsBetween January 2010 and December 2017, test results from Korean women aged 15–49 years who had visited an obstetric private clinic (nationwide institutions) and had requested rubella-specific IgG antibody tests from Green Cross Laboratories were obtained from the laboratory information system.ResultsBetween 2010 and 2017, antirubella IgG test results from 328 426 Korean women aged 15–49 years who had visited private obstetric clinics (1438 institutions nationwide) were retrospectively analysed by tested year, age, cohort and geographic regions. Over the 8-year study period, the rate of unimmunised women ranged from 7.8% to 9.7%. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models showed that the odds of being immune to rubella (positive and equivocal results of antirubella IgG test) were lower in 2017 compared with 2010, in women in their 40s, in a pre-catch-up cohort and in women living in Incheon, Busan, South Gyeongsang, North and South Jeolla and Jeju provinces (p<0.0001).ConclusionsIn consideration of the factors associated with prevalence of women unimmunised to rubella, future public health efforts should be focused on catch-up activities. The results of this study could be used to strengthen disease control and prevent rubella, including a nationwide immunisation programme.

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Serum Folate Shows an Inverse Association with Blood Pressure in a Cohort of Chinese Women of Childbearing Age: A Cross-Sectional Study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0155801 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. e0155801 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Minxue Shen ◽

Hongzhuan Tan ◽

Shujin Zhou ◽

Ravi Retnakaran ◽

Graeme N. Smith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Chinese Women ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Serum Folate ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Women Of Childbearing Age ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Childbearing Age ◽

Cross Sectional

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Keracunan Pestisida dan Hipotiroidisme pada Wanita Usia Subur di Daerah Pertanian

Kesmas National Public Health Journal ◽

10.21109/kesmas.v4i5.172 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

pp. 217

Author(s):

Suhartono Suhartono ◽

Dharminto Dharminto

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Pesticide Poisoning ◽

Women Of Childbearing Age ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Childbearing Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pesticides Exposure ◽

Agricultural Areas ◽

Childbearing Women ◽

Range Of Values

Wanita bermukim di daerah pertanian berisiko terpajan pestisida yang dapat berakibat hipotiroidisme yang pada kehamilan dapat menyebabkan gangguan tumbuh-kembang janin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui angka kejadian keracunan pestisida dan hipotiroidisme pada wanita usia subur di daerah pertanian. Penelitian ini menggunakan disain penelitian cross-sectional dan 26 WUS terpilih sebagai subjek secara acak. Semua subjek dilakukan pengukurankadar TSH, fT4 dan enzim kolinesterase, sementara kadar T3, UEI, dan Pb darah diukur pada sub-sampel. Penderita dinyatakan keracunan pestisida apabila ditemukan kadar enzim kolinesterase <3,9 μg/L dan dinyatakan hipotiroidisme apabila kadar TSH >4,5 μIU/L. Penelitian ini menemukan rerata kadar kolinesterase adalah 7,26 (±1,28) dengan kisaran nilai 5,33-9,39 μg/L; rerata kadar TSH adalah 5,09 (±6,14), dengan kisaran nilai 0,47-31,73μIU/L; rerata kadar fT4 adalah 15,18 (±2,09), dengan kisaran nilai 8,73-18,87 pmol/L; rerata kadar T3 adalah 1,75 (±0,51), dengan kisaran nilai 1,24-2,95 pmol/L. Prevalensi keracunan pestisida pada WUS 0,0% dan prevalensi hipotiroidisme 46,2%.Kata kunci : Pestisida, hipotiroidisme, wanita usia subur, daerah pertanianAbstractWomen lived in agricultural areas are risk to suffer various disorders due to pesticides exposure such as hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism causes growth and development disorders of fetus. The aim of the study is to find out the prevalence of pesticide poisoning and hypothyroidism in women of childbearing age in agricultural areas. Cross-sectional study was conducted and 26 women of childbearing age were selected randomly. TSH, fT4 and cholinesterase enzymelevels were measured in all subjects, while levels of T3, UEI and blood Pb were measured in the sub-sample. Pesticide poisoning is determined if the levels of enzymes cholinesterase <3.9 μg/L and determined as hypothyroidism if the TSH >4.5 μIU/L. This study showed that mean of cholinesterase levels was 7.26 (± 1.28), range of values 5.33-9.39 μg/L; mean of TSH levels was 5.09 (± 6.14), range of values 0.47-31.73 μIU/L; mean of fT4 level was 15.18 (±2.09), range of values 8.73-18.87 pmol/L; mean of T3 levels was 1.75 (±0.51), range of values 1.24-2.95 pmol/L. The prevalence of pesticide poisoning in childbearing women was 0.0% and prevalence of hypothyroidism was 46.2%.Key words : Pesticide, hypothyroidism, women of childbearing age, agricultural area

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