scholarly journals Dandy-Walker Malformation Presenting with Psychological Manifestations

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasodha Maheshi Rohanachandra ◽  
Dulangi Maneksha Amerasinghe Dahanayake ◽  
Swarna Wijetunge
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Impulsive Behavior ◽  
Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome ◽  
Cerebellar Disease ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Dandy Walker Malformation ◽  
Walker Malformation ◽  
Psychiatric Manifestations

Dandy-Walker malformation, which is a congenital malformation of the cerebellum, is documented in literature to be associated with psychotic symptoms, obsessive compulsive symptoms, mood symptoms, hyperactivity, and impulsive behavior. The pathogenesis of psychiatric symptoms in Dandy-Walker malformation is thought to be due to disruption of the corticocerebellar tracts, resulting in what is known as cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome. We present a case of Dandy-Walker malformation presenting with psychiatric symptoms. This case highlights the necessity to be aware of psychiatric manifestations of cerebellar disease as it has an impact on the diagnosis and treatment.

scholarly journals Evidence for a Shared Etiological Mechanism of Psychotic Symptoms and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Patients with Psychotic Disorders and Their Siblings

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. e0125103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marije Swets ◽  
Frank Van Dael ◽  
Sabine Roza ◽  
Robert Schoevers ◽  
Inez Myin-Germeys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms

“organic Personality Disorder” as Part of Early Neuropsychiatric Manifestations in Huntington’s Disease - a Case Report

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
J. Maia
Keyword(s):  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Autosomal Dominant Disorder ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Manifestations ◽  
Psychiatric Manifestations

Huntington's Disease (HD) is an inherited autosomal dominant disorder characterized by motor, cognitive and psychiatric symptomatology, being considered a paradigmatic neuropsychiatric disorder that includes all three components of the "Triadic Syndromes": dyskinesia, dementia and depression.Firstly described in 1872 as an "Hereditary Chorea" by George Huntington only in 1993 was its responsible gene identified. A person who inherits the HD gene will sooner or later develop the disease. the age of onset, early signs and rate of disease progression vary greatly from person to person.Neuropsychiatric symptoms are an integral part of HD and have been considered the earliest markers of the disease, presenting sometimes more than 10 years before a formal diagnosis is done. Patients may experience dysphoria, mood swings, agitation, irritability, hostile outbursts, psychotic symptoms and deep bouts of depression with suicidal ideation. Personality change is reported in 48% of the cases, with the paranoid subtype being described as the most prevalent. the clinical case presented illustrates a case of HD which started with insidious psychiatric symptoms and an important personality change.Despite a wide number of medications being prescribed to help control emotional, movement and behaviour problems, there is still no treatment to stop or reverse the course of the disease. Furthermore, psychiatric manifestations are often amenable to treatment, and relief of these symptoms may provide significant improvement in patient's and caregivers quality of life.A greater awarness of psychiatric manifestations of HD is essential to an earlier diagnosis and an optimized therapeutic approach.

Les manifestations psychiatriques dans la démence: perspective phénoménologique

1993 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 671-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Paquette
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Neuropsychological Evaluations ◽  
Operational Criteria ◽  
Psychiatric Manifestations

The study of psychiatric manifestations in dementia has long been overshadowed by the more classical manifestations of the disease, such as memory loss and other cognitive deficits. In recent years, however, psychiatric symptoms as part of the demential process have attracted interest and research has become more specific. Clinicians are faced with diagnostic, treatment and management difficulties related to affective or psychotic symptoms, which account for much distress and morbidity. Several studies indicate that the prevalence of psychiatric manifestations in clinical populations of patients suffering from dementia is high: 15% to 30% for hallucinations, 15% to 30% for delusions, ten percent to 20% for major depression and 40% to 50% for depressed mood. These figures tend to confirm the hypothesis that psychiatric features in dementia are neither infrequent nor atypical. Thus, researchers have sought to link psychotic or depressive symptomatology with several clinical characteristics of dementia, namely stage, severity, prognosis or cognitive dysfunction. Some recent studies involving extensive neuropsychological evaluations indicate that subgroups of patients can be defined according to psychiatric criteria, as well as cognitive or neurological criteria. Unfortunately, results are inconsistent. Some of the contradictions in the literature are related to poorly defined terms and symptoms, a lack of reliable operational criteria, absence of validation of instruments and scales and heterogeneity of the populations studied. Ambiguous syndromes, such as pseudodementia, while illustrative of certain clinical situations, have not been helpful in categorizing demented patients. The author suggests that research focused on specific and clearly defined psychiatric symptoms in dementia will better serve our comprehension of mixed syndromes.

scholarly journals Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms as a Manifestation of Homocystinuria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Vera Froes ◽  
Hugo Afonso ◽  
Zita Gameiro
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Metabolic Disorder ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric History ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Lack Of Information

Homocystinuria is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder due to a defect in the cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) that leads to high homocysteine plasma levels. Psychiatric symptoms secondary to homocystinuria have been described in the literature; however, there is a lack of information about obsessive-compulsive symptoms correlated to this disorder. We describe the case of a 39 years old man, diagnosed with homocystinuria in childhood, with no previous psychiatric history that presented obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) like symptoms, as a manifestation of homocystinuria. This case underlines the importance for a psychiatrist to explore medical nonpsychiatric history, especially when presentation is abrupt, atypical, or in treatment-resistant cases.

Death Anxiety and Related Factors in Schizophrenia Patients: Controlled Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 003022282110331
Author(s):  
Seher Serez Öztürk ◽  
İsmet Esra Çiçek ◽  
İbrahim Eren
Keyword(s):  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Variables

The aim of the study was to investigate the level of death anxiety and related sociodemographic and clinical variables in schizophrenia patients. One hundred and ninety schizophrenia patients and 110 healthy controls were included the study. Death anxiety measured with Templer Death Anxiety Scale (TDAS). The patients were also evaluated with scales in terms of depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and suicide. The death anxiety level in patients with schizophrenia was significantly higher than the healthy controls. The severity of depressive and psychotic symptoms were related to the level of death anxiety. Patients with schizophrenia may need more protection and psychosocial interventions about death related themes.

scholarly journals Cerebellar grey matter volume in adolescence is associated with prodromal psychotic symptoms and norm-violating behavior

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torgeir Moberget ◽  
Dag Alnæs ◽  
Tobias Kaufmann ◽  
Nhat Trung Doan ◽  
Aldo Córdova-Palomera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
General Psychopathology ◽  
Symptom Domains ◽  
Cerebellar Involvement ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
Age Range

AbstractImportanceAccumulating evidence supports cerebellar involvement in mental disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety disorders and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. However, little is known about cerebellar involvement in the developmental stages of these disorders. In particular, whether cerebellar morphology is associated with early expression of specific symptom domains remains unclear.ObjectiveTo determine the robustness and specificity of associations between cerebellar morphology, general cognitive function, general psychopathology and sub-clinical psychiatric symptom domains in adolescence.Design, setting and participantsAssessment of parametric structure-function associations between MR-based brain morphometric features and data-driven cognitive and clinical phenotypes in the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (N=1401, age-range: 8 - 23).Main outcomes and measuresRobust prediction of cognitive and clinical symptom domain scores from cerebellar, subcortical and cerebro-cortical brain features using machine learning with 10-fold internal cross-validation and permutation-based statistical inference.ResultsCerebellar morphology predicted both general cognitive function and general psychopathology (mean Pearson correlation coefficients between predicted and observed values: r = .20 and r = .13, respectively; corrected p-values < .0009). Analyses of specific sub-clinical symptom domains revealed significant associations with rates of norm-violating behavior (r = .17; p < .0009), prodromal psychotic symptoms (r = .12; p < .0009) and anxiety symptoms (r = .09; p =.0117). In contrast, we observed no significant associations between cerebellar features and the severity of attention deficits, depressive, manic or obsessive-compulsive symptoms (all rs =< .03, all ps => .1). Associations with norm-violating behavior and prodromal psychotic symptoms were stronger for the cerebellum than for subcortical and cerebro-cortical regions, while anxiety and general cognitive function were related to more global brain morphology patterns. The association between cerebellar volume and prodromal psychotic symptoms, and to a lesser extent norm violating behavior, remained significant when adjusting for potentially confounding factors such as general cognitive function, general psychopathology, parental education level and use of psychoactive substances.Conclusions and relevanceThe robust associations with sub-clinical psychiatric symptoms in the age range when these typically emerge highlight the cerebellum as a key brain structure in the development of severe mental disorders.Key pointsQuestionsIs cerebellar morphology associated with sub-clinical psychiatric symptoms in adolescence? Do such associations show symptom domain specificity or do they rather constitute a marker of general psychopathology?FindingsMachine learning utilizing cerebellar morphology features significantly predicted the severity of prodromal psychotic symptoms, norm-violating behavior and anxiety, but not attention deficits, depressive, manic or obsessive-compulsive sub-clinical symptoms. Associations with prodromal psychotic symptoms were stronger for the cerebellum than for cerebral subcortical and cerebro-cortical regions, and remained significant when adjusting for several potentially confounding factors.MeaningThe cerebellum appears to play a key role in the development of severe mental illness.

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