scholarly journals Restrictive Cardiomyopathies: The Importance of Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging Modalities in Diagnosis and Treatment—A Systematic Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidonis Rammos ◽  
Vasileios Meladinis ◽  
Georgios Vovas ◽  
Dimitrios Patsouras
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Tissue Characterization ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging ◽  
Right Ventricular Filling ◽  
Electrocardiographic Findings ◽  
Ventricular Filling ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is the least common among cardiomyopathies. It can be idiopathic, familial, or secondary to systematic disorders. Marked increase in left and/or right ventricular filling pressures causes symptoms and signs of congestive heart failure. Electrocardiographic findings are nonspecific and include atrioventricular conduction and QRS complex abnormalities and supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. Echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) play a major role in diagnosis. Echocardiography reveals normal or hypertrophied ventricles, preserved systolic function, marked biatrial enlargement, and impaired diastolic function, often with restrictive filling pattern. CMR offering a higher spatial resolution than echocardiography can provide detailed information about anatomic structures, perfusion, ventricular function, and tissue characterization. CMR with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and novel approaches (myocardial mapping) can direct the diagnosis to specific subtypes of RCM, depending on the pattern of scar formation. When noninvasive studies have failed, endomyocardial biopsy is required. Differentiation between RCM and constrictive pericarditis (CP), nowadays by echocardiography, is important since both present as heart failure with normal-sized ventricles and preserved ejection fraction but CP can be treated by means of anti-inflammatory and surgical treatment, while the treatment options of RCM are dictated by the underlying condition. Prognosis is generally poor despite optimal medical treatment.

Heart failure in an elderly population

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-321
Author(s):  
DN Carmichael ◽  
Michael Lye
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
The Common ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The Many ◽  
Neuroendocrine Activation ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Heart failure has been defined in many ways and definitions change over time. The multiplicity of definitions reflect the paucity of our understanding of the primary underlying physiology of heart failure and the many diseases for which heart failure is the common end-point. Fundamentally, heart failure represents a failure of the heart to meet the body’s requirement for blood supply for whatever reason. It is thus a clinical syndrome with characteristic features – not a single disease in its own right. The syndrome includes symptoms and signs of organ underperfusion, fluid retention and neuroendocrine activation. The syndrome arises from a range of possible causes of which ischaemic heart disease is the commonest. From the point of view of a clinician, the underlying pathology will determine treatment options and prognosis. The extensive range of possible aetiologies present a diagnostic challenge both to correctly identify the syndrome amongst all other causes of dyspnoea and to identify the aetiology, allowing optimization of treatment.

scholarly journals Heart transplantation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Farrero Torres ◽  
Felix Perez-Villa
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Systolic Dysfunction ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Advanced Heart Failure ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Ventricular Filling

[first paragraph of article]Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy has a broad spectrum of clinical presentations, from asymptomatic to patients with advanced heart failure and sudden death. Treatment options are limited, especially in non-obstructive forms. A minority of patients (around 3.5%) can progress to an end-stage state, characterized by systolic dysfunction and restrictive ventricular filling, related to extensive fibrotic replacement and chamber remodeling. In these cases, life expectancy is significantly reduced: a mean 3-year survival time has been reported.

Understanding the pharmacology of heart failure

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 404-410
Author(s):  
Jamshid Easa ◽  
Najma Easa ◽  
Jacob Chappell ◽  
David Warriner
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Western World ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Downward Spiral ◽  
Ventricular Filling ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Heart failure (HF) is a common clinical syndrome with ever-increasing prevalence in the Western world. It is associated with extensive morbidity and mortality, as well as being a significant burden on global healthcare systems. It is due to impairment of ventricular filling or contraction, resulting in a constellation of physical symptoms and signs, primarily due to salt and water retention. An understanding of the pharmacological options to manage the condition is imperative to quickly alleviate symptoms and avert a rapidly progressive downward spiral, improving not only quality but also quantity of life.

scholarly journals Pulmonary Hypertension: A Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
Md Ashraf Uddin Chowdhury ◽  
Md Mostafizur Rahman ◽  
AEM Mazharul Islam ◽  
Sk Younus Ali
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Right Heart Failure ◽  
Significant Delay ◽  
Right Heart ◽  
Common Disorder ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Pulmonary hypertension is a relatively common disorder that leads to right heart failure if untreated. Symptoms and signs of pulmonary hypertensionare often subtle and nonspecific. As a result a significant delay between the onset of symptoms and the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension is common. Recently improved understanding of the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension leads to various treatment options that enable us to treat this disorder more efficiently. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v7i2.13506 Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2012;7(2):82-87

Understanding the pharmacology of heart failure

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 363-368
Author(s):  
Jamshid Easa ◽  
Najma Easa ◽  
Jacob Chappell ◽  
David Warriner
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Western World ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Downward Spiral ◽  
Ventricular Filling ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

The prevalence of heart failure is increasing worldwide. Jamshid Easa, Najma Easa, Jacob Chappell and David Warriner provide an overview of the pharmacology of the drugs used to manage the condition Heart failure (HF) is a common clinical syndrome with ever-increasing prevalence in the Western world. It is associated with extensive morbidity and mortality, as well as being a significant burden on global healthcare systems. It is due to impairment of ventricular filling or contraction, resulting in a constellation of physical symptoms and signs, primarily due to salt and water retention. An understanding of the pharmacological options to manage the condition is imperative to quickly alleviate symptoms and avert a rapidly progressive downward spiral, improving not only quality but also quantity of life.

scholarly journals Loeffler Endocarditis: A Unique Presentation of Right-Sided Heart Failure Due to Eosinophil-Induced Endomyocardial Fibrosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 117954761772364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Alam ◽  
Shankar Thampi ◽  
Shahryar G Saba ◽  
Rita Jermyn
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Diastolic Heart Failure ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Hypereosinophilic Syndrome ◽  
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Endomyocardial Fibrosis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Loeffler Endocarditis

Loeffler endocarditis is a rare restrictive cardiomyopathy caused by abnormal endomyocardial infiltration of eosinophils, with subsequent tissue damage from degranulation, eventually leading to fibrosis. Although an uncommon entity, it is still a disease with significant morbidity and mortality. Often identified only at late stages, treatment options are limited once fibrosis occurs, usually requiring heart failure medications or surgical intervention. We present a unique case of a woman with remote history of hypereosinophilic syndrome, attributed to treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with infliximab, who presented with symptoms of heart failure refractory to medical management and was found to have Loeffler endocarditis. The severe progression of the disease required surgical intervention with endocardial stripping to treat the right-sided diastolic heart failure.

scholarly journals Similarities and Differences between the Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Diastolic and Systolic Heart Failure

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo Komamura
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Diastolic Heart Failure ◽  
Systolic Heart Failure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Low Cardiac Output ◽  
Reduced Ejection Fraction ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Ventricular Filling

Pathophysiology of heart failure has been considered to be a damaged state of systolic function of the heart followed by a state of low cardiac output that is, systolic heart failure. Even if systolic function is preserved, left ventricular filling in diastole can be impeded and resulted in elevation of filling pressure and symptoms of heart failure. This kind of heart failure is called diastolic heart failure. Nowadays, diastolic heart failure is referred to as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), whereas systolic heart failure is referred to as heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). In this paper, the similarities and differences between the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of diastolic and systolic heart failure were reviewed. Although diastolic heart failure is a common condition of heart failure worldwide, its pathophysiology has not been sufficiently elucidated. This is thought to be the most significant reason for a lack of established treatment methods for diastolic heart failure. We hope to proceed with future studies on this topic.

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