Heart failure in an elderly population

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-321
Author(s):  
DN Carmichael ◽  
Michael Lye
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
The Common ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The Many ◽  
Neuroendocrine Activation ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Heart failure has been defined in many ways and definitions change over time. The multiplicity of definitions reflect the paucity of our understanding of the primary underlying physiology of heart failure and the many diseases for which heart failure is the common end-point. Fundamentally, heart failure represents a failure of the heart to meet the body’s requirement for blood supply for whatever reason. It is thus a clinical syndrome with characteristic features – not a single disease in its own right. The syndrome includes symptoms and signs of organ underperfusion, fluid retention and neuroendocrine activation. The syndrome arises from a range of possible causes of which ischaemic heart disease is the commonest. From the point of view of a clinician, the underlying pathology will determine treatment options and prognosis. The extensive range of possible aetiologies present a diagnostic challenge both to correctly identify the syndrome amongst all other causes of dyspnoea and to identify the aetiology, allowing optimization of treatment.

scholarly journals Recognition, Diagnosis, and Management of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Meshal Soni ◽  
Edo Y Birati
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Preserved Ejection Fraction ◽  
Reduced Ejection Fraction ◽  
The Common

The clinical syndrome of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is unique in terms of etiologies, diagnostic criteria, costs, and treatment modalities when compared to heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. There is an emerging paradigm shift that recognizes the clinical syndrome of HFpEF and its various phenotypes. Understanding these HFpEF phenotypes is crucial to understanding the pathophysiology of HFpEF, which in turn can further guide our management strategies. This review outlines the diagnostic criteria, introduces the common clinical phenotypes, and discusses treatments currently utilized in practice for the management of HFpEF.

scholarly journals Risk Stratification for Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1 (P)) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Hendry Purnasidha Bagaswoto
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Pump Failure ◽  
Failure Risk ◽  
Clinical Challenge ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome in which structural / functional myocardial abnormalities result in symptoms and signs of hypoperfusion and/or pulmonary or systemic congestion at rest or during exercise. More than 80% of deaths in patients with HF recognize a cardiovascular cause, with most being either sudden cardiac death (SCD) or death caused by progressive pump failure. Risk stratification of SCD in patients with HF represents a clinical challenge. This review will give an update of current strategies for SCD risk stratification in HF.

Research Update on the Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuying Zhou ◽  
Yunlong Zhu ◽  
Jianping Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Dominant Form ◽  
Rehospitalization Rate ◽  
Significant Research

: Heart failure (HF) is a serious clinical syndrome, usually occurs at advanced stage of various cardiovascular diseases, featured by high mortality and rehospitalization rate. According to left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (LVEF), HF has been categorized as HF with reduced EF (HFrEF; LVEF<40%), HF with mid-range EF (HFmrEF; LVEF 40-49%), and HF with preserved EF (HFpEF; LVEF ≥50%). HFpEF accounts for about 50% cases of heart failure, and has become the dominant form of heart failure. The mortality of HFpEF is similar as that of HFrEF. There are no well-documented treatment options that can reduce the morbidity and mortality of HFpEF now. Understanding the underlying pathological mechanisms are essential for the development of novel effective therapy options for HFpEF. In recent years, significant research progress has been achieved on the pathophysiological mechanism of HFpEF. This review aimed to update the research progress on the pathophysiological mechanism of HFpEF.

Understanding the pharmacology of heart failure

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 404-410
Author(s):  
Jamshid Easa ◽  
Najma Easa ◽  
Jacob Chappell ◽  
David Warriner
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Western World ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Downward Spiral ◽  
Ventricular Filling ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Heart failure (HF) is a common clinical syndrome with ever-increasing prevalence in the Western world. It is associated with extensive morbidity and mortality, as well as being a significant burden on global healthcare systems. It is due to impairment of ventricular filling or contraction, resulting in a constellation of physical symptoms and signs, primarily due to salt and water retention. An understanding of the pharmacological options to manage the condition is imperative to quickly alleviate symptoms and avert a rapidly progressive downward spiral, improving not only quality but also quantity of life.

scholarly journals Restrictive Cardiomyopathies: The Importance of Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging Modalities in Diagnosis and Treatment—A Systematic Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidonis Rammos ◽  
Vasileios Meladinis ◽  
Georgios Vovas ◽  
Dimitrios Patsouras
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Tissue Characterization ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging ◽  
Right Ventricular Filling ◽  
Electrocardiographic Findings ◽  
Ventricular Filling ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is the least common among cardiomyopathies. It can be idiopathic, familial, or secondary to systematic disorders. Marked increase in left and/or right ventricular filling pressures causes symptoms and signs of congestive heart failure. Electrocardiographic findings are nonspecific and include atrioventricular conduction and QRS complex abnormalities and supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. Echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) play a major role in diagnosis. Echocardiography reveals normal or hypertrophied ventricles, preserved systolic function, marked biatrial enlargement, and impaired diastolic function, often with restrictive filling pattern. CMR offering a higher spatial resolution than echocardiography can provide detailed information about anatomic structures, perfusion, ventricular function, and tissue characterization. CMR with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and novel approaches (myocardial mapping) can direct the diagnosis to specific subtypes of RCM, depending on the pattern of scar formation. When noninvasive studies have failed, endomyocardial biopsy is required. Differentiation between RCM and constrictive pericarditis (CP), nowadays by echocardiography, is important since both present as heart failure with normal-sized ventricles and preserved ejection fraction but CP can be treated by means of anti-inflammatory and surgical treatment, while the treatment options of RCM are dictated by the underlying condition. Prognosis is generally poor despite optimal medical treatment.

scholarly journals Pulmonary Hypertension: A Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
Md Ashraf Uddin Chowdhury ◽  
Md Mostafizur Rahman ◽  
AEM Mazharul Islam ◽  
Sk Younus Ali
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Right Heart Failure ◽  
Significant Delay ◽  
Right Heart ◽  
Common Disorder ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Pulmonary hypertension is a relatively common disorder that leads to right heart failure if untreated. Symptoms and signs of pulmonary hypertensionare often subtle and nonspecific. As a result a significant delay between the onset of symptoms and the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension is common. Recently improved understanding of the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension leads to various treatment options that enable us to treat this disorder more efficiently. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v7i2.13506 Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2012;7(2):82-87

Understanding the pharmacology of heart failure

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 363-368
Author(s):  
Jamshid Easa ◽  
Najma Easa ◽  
Jacob Chappell ◽  
David Warriner
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Western World ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Downward Spiral ◽  
Ventricular Filling ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

The prevalence of heart failure is increasing worldwide. Jamshid Easa, Najma Easa, Jacob Chappell and David Warriner provide an overview of the pharmacology of the drugs used to manage the condition Heart failure (HF) is a common clinical syndrome with ever-increasing prevalence in the Western world. It is associated with extensive morbidity and mortality, as well as being a significant burden on global healthcare systems. It is due to impairment of ventricular filling or contraction, resulting in a constellation of physical symptoms and signs, primarily due to salt and water retention. An understanding of the pharmacological options to manage the condition is imperative to quickly alleviate symptoms and avert a rapidly progressive downward spiral, improving not only quality but also quantity of life.

Case series of non-freezing cold injury: the modern clinical syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 166 (5) ◽  
pp. 324-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Alan Kuht ◽  
D Woods ◽  
S Hollis
Keyword(s):  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Cold Injury ◽  
Recent Case ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Small Collection ◽  
Multiple Cycles ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

BackgroundNon-freezing cold injury (NFCI) occurs when peripheral tissue is damaged by cold exposure but not to the extent of freezing. Historically, the phenotype of NFCIs sustained was severe, whereas today the spectrum of injury represented in the UK military predominantly comprises subtler injuries. The diagnostic challenge of recognising these injuries, both in the acute and chronic settings, can lead to mismanagement and subsequent morbidity.MethodsWe characterised a recent case series of 100 UK Service Personnel referred with suspected NFCI to a Military UK NFCI clinic. We characterised the acute and chronic phenotype of those diagnosed with NFCI (n=76) and made comparison to those who received alternate diagnoses (n=24), to find discriminatory symptoms and signs.ResultsThe most common acute symptoms of NFCI were the extremities becoming cold to the point of loss of feeling for more than 30 min (sensitivity 96%, specificity 90%, p<0.001), followed by a period of painful rewarming (sensitivity 81%, specificity 67%, p<0.001). In-field foot/hand inspections took place in half of the NFCI cases. Importantly, remaining in the field and undergoing multiple cycles of cooling and rewarming after an initial NFCI was associated with having double the risk of the NFCI persisting for more than a week. The most common and discriminant chronic symptoms and signs of NFCI were having extremities that behave differently during cold exposures (sensitivity 81%, specificity 75%, p<0.001) and having abnormal pinprick sensation in the affected extremity (sensitivity 88%, specificity 88%, p<0.001).ConclusionsA small collection of symptoms and signs characterise acute and chronic NFCIs and distinguish this vasoneuropathy from NFCI mimics.

scholarly journals Risk Stratification of Sudden Cardiac Death in Patients with Heart Failure: An update

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Masarone ◽  
Giuseppe Limongelli ◽  
Ernesto Ammendola ◽  
Marina Verrengia ◽  
Rita Gravino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Pump Failure ◽  
Reduced Ejection Fraction ◽  
Clinical Challenge ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome in which structural/functional myocardial abnormalities result in symptoms and signs of hypoperfusion and/or pulmonary or systemic congestion at rest or during exercise. More than 80% of deaths in patients with HF recognize a cardiovascular cause, with most being either sudden cardiac death (SCD) or death caused by progressive pump failure. Risk stratification of SCD in patients with HF and preserved (HFpEF) or reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) represents a clinical challenge. This review will give an update of current strategies for SCD risk stratification in both HFrEF and HFpEF.

scholarly journals Health Promotion and Self-Management Among Patients with Chronic Heart Failure

2021 ◽  
pp. 269-285
Author(s):  
Ying Jiang ◽  
Wenru Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Older Population ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The Common

AbstractHeart failure is a chronic and complex clinical syndrome. It is one of the common causes of hospitalization and readmission among the older population. Patient self-management is essential to maintaining health and avoiding disruption of life caused by frequent hospitalizations. However, many patients lack self-care skills. This chapter provides a review on evidence for the importance of self-management and strategies to educate patients and promote self-care while living with the limitations on physical function.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document