scholarly journals White Matter Hyperintensity Load Modulates Brain Morphometry and Brain Connectivity in Healthy Adults: A Neuroplastic Mechanism?

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo De Marco ◽  
Riccardo Manca ◽  
Micaela Mitolo ◽  
Annalena Venneri
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Adaptive Plasticity ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Salience Network ◽  
Default Mode

White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are acquired lesions that accumulate and disrupt neuron-to-neuron connectivity. We tested the associations between WMH load and (1) regional grey matter volumes and (2) functional connectivity of resting-state networks, in a sample of 51 healthy adults. Specifically, we focused on the positive associations (more damage, more volume/connectivity) to investigate a potential route of adaptive plasticity. WMHs were quantified with an automated procedure. Voxel-based morphometry was carried out to model grey matter. An independent component analysis was run to extract the anterior and posterior default-mode network, the salience network, the left and right frontoparietal networks, and the visual network. Each model was corrected for age, global levels of atrophy, and indices of brain and cognitive reserve. Positive associations were found with morphometry and functional connectivity of the anterior default-mode network and salience network. Within the anterior default-mode network, an association was found in the left mediotemporal-limbic complex. Within the salience network, an association was found in the right parietal cortex. The findings support the suggestion that, even in the absence of overt disease, the brain actuates a compensatory (neuroplastic) response to the accumulation of WMH, leading to increases in regional grey matter and modified functional connectivity.

Brain development in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A neuroimaging perspective review

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S357-S357 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Pereira ◽  
P. de Castro-Manglano ◽  
C. Soutullo Esperon
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Child And Adolescent Psychiatry ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

IntroductionAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a challenge in child and adolescent psychiatry. In the recent decades many studies with longitudinal designs have used neuroimaging with ADHD patients, suggesting its neurodevelopmental origin.ObjectivesStudy the findings of neuroimaging (MRI, fMRI, DTI, PET) techniques on ADHD patients from a longitudinal point of view, looking also for the potential influence of treatments and other predictors (i.e. genetics).AimsTo provide a global perspective of all the recent findings on ADHD patients with the neuroimaging technics, focusing on longitudinal measurements of the changes in brain development.MethodsWe conducted a review of the literature in the databases Pubmed and ScienceDirect (terms ADHD, neuroimaging, MRI, fMRI, DTI, PET, functional connectivity, metilphenidate and cortical thickness). We focused on studies using neuroimaging techniques with ADHD patients, looking at their populations, methodologies and results.ResultsThe studies found abnormalities in the structure of grey matter, activity and brain connectivity in many neural networks, with particular involvement of the fronto-parietal and Default Mode Network. There is also convergent evidence for white matter pathology and disrupted anatomical connectivity in ADHD. In addition, dysfunctional connectivity during rest and during cognitive tasks has been demonstrated.ConclusionsThis evidence describe ADHD as a brain development disorder, with delays and disruptions in the global development of the central nervous system that compromises grey and white matters, most evident in the prefrontal cortex, parietal and posterior cingulate cortices, as well as basal ganglia, damaging activity and structural and functional connectivity of various brain networks, especially the fronto-striato-parietal and default mode network.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Age of Insomnia Onset Correlates with a Reversal of Default Mode Network and Supplementary Motor Cortex Connectivity

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiliano Santarnecchi ◽  
Chiara Del Bianco ◽  
Isabella Sicilia ◽  
Davide Momi ◽  
Giorgio Di Lorenzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Disruptive Effect ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Connectivity Patterns ◽  
The Impact

Insomnia might occur as result of increased cognitive and physiological arousal caused by acute or long acting stressors and associated cognitive rumination. This might lead to alterations in brain connectivity patterns as those captured by functional connectivity fMRI analysis, leading to potential insight about primary insomnia (PI) pathophysiology as well as the impact of long-term exposure to sleep deprivation. We investigated changes of voxel-wise connectivity patterns in a sample of 17 drug-naïve PI patients and 17 age-gender matched healthy controls, as well as the relationship between brain connectivity and age of onset, illness duration, and severity. Results showed a significant increase in resting-state functional connectivity of the bilateral visual cortex in PI patients, associated with decreased connectivity between the visual cortex and bilateral temporal pole. Regression with clinical scores originally unveiled a pattern of increased local connectivity as measured by intrinsic connectivity contrast (ICC), specifically resembling the default mode network (DMN). Additionally, age of onset was found to be correlated with the connectivity of supplementary motor area (SMA), and the strength of DMN←→SMA connectivity was significantly correlated with both age of onset (R2 = 41%) and disease duration (R2 = 21%). Chronic sleep deprivation, but most importantly early insomnia onset, seems to have a significant disruptive effect over the physiological negative correlation between DMN and SMA, a well-known fMRI marker of attention performance in humans. This suggests the need for more in-depth investigations on the prevention and treatment of connectivity changes and associated cognitive and psychological deficits in PI patients.

Hemispheric asymmetries of functional connectivity and grey matter volume in the default mode network

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1308-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor M. Saenger ◽  
Fernando A. Barrios ◽  
María L. Martínez-Gudiño ◽  
Sarael Alcauter
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Hemispheric Asymmetries ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Matter Volume

scholarly journals Frequency Specific Effects of ApoE ε4 Allele on Resting-State Networks in Nondemented Elders

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Liang ◽  
Zhenzhen Li ◽  
Jing Wei ◽  
Chunlin Li ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Frequency Band ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Salience Network ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Network Time ◽  
Time Courses

We applied resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε4 allele effects on functional connectivity of the default mode network (DMN) and the salience network (SN). Considering the frequency specific effects of functional connectivity, we decomposed the brain network time courses into two bands: 0.01–0.027 Hz and 0.027–0.08 Hz. All scans were acquired by the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroscience Initiative (ADNI). Thirty-two nondemented subjects were divided into two groups based on the presence (n=16) or absence (n=16) of the ApoE ε4 allele. We explored the frequency specific effects of ApoE ε4 allele on the default mode network (DMN) and the salience network (SN) functional connectivity. Compared to ε4 noncarriers, the DMN functional connectivity of ε4 carriers was significantly decreased while the SN functional connectivity of ε4 carriers was significantly increased. Many functional connectivities showed significant differences at the lower frequency band of 0.01–0.027 Hz or the higher frequency band of 0.027–0.08 Hz instead of the typical range of 0.01–0.08 Hz. The results indicated a frequency dependent effect of resting-state signals when investigating RSNs functional connectivity.

Interaction of the Salience Network, Ventral Attention Network, Dorsal Attention Network and Default Mode Network in Neonates and Early Development of the Bottom-up Attention System.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Onofrj ◽  
Antonio Maria Chiarelli ◽  
Richard Wise ◽  
Cesare Colosimo ◽  
Massimo Caulo
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Salience Network ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Dorsal Attention Network

Abstract The Salience Network (SN), Ventral Attention Network (VAN), Dorsal Attention Network (DAN) and Default Mode Network (DMN) have shown significant interactions and overlapping functions in bottom-up and top-down mechanisms of attention. In the present study we tested if the SN, VAN, DAN and DMN connectivity can infer the gestational age (GA) at birth in a study group of 88 healthy neonates with GA at birth ranging from 28 to 40 weeks. We also ascertained whether the connectivity within each of the SN, VAN, DAN and DMN is able to infer the average functional connectivity of the others. The ability to infer GA at birth or another network's connectivity was evaluated using a multi-variate data-driven framework. A mediation analysis was performed in order to estimate the transmittance of change of a network’s functional connectivity (FC) over another mediated by the GA.The VAN, DAN and the DMN infer the GA at birth (p<0.05). The SN, DMN and VAN were able to infer the average connectivity over the other networks (p<0.05). Mediation analysis between VAN’s and DAN’s inference on GA found reciprocal transmittance of change of VAN’s and DAN’s connectivity (p<0.05). Our findings suggest that the VAN has a prominent role in the bottom-up salience detection in early infancy and that the role of the VAN and the SN may overlap in the bottom-up control of attention.

scholarly journals Aberrant posterior superior temporal sulcus functional connectivity and executive dysfunction in adolescents with internet gaming disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-597
Author(s):  
Junghan Lee ◽  
Deokjong Lee ◽  
Kee Namkoong ◽  
Young-Chul Jung
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Salience Network ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Internet Gaming

AbstractBackground and aimsThe clinical significance of Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is spreading worldwide, but its underlying neural mechanism still remains unclear. Moreover, the prevalence of IGD seems to be the highest in adolescents whose brains are in development. This study investigated the functional connectivity between large-scale intrinsic networks including default mode network, executive control network, and salience network. We hypothesized that adolescents with IGD would demonstrate different functional connectivity patterns among large-scale intrinsic networks, implying neurodevelopmental alterations, which might be associated with executive dysfunction.MethodsThis study included 17 male adolescents with Internet gaming disorder, and 18 age-matched male adolescents as healthy controls. Functional connectivity was examined using seed-to-voxel analysis and seed-to-seed analysis, with the nodes of large-scale intrinsic networks used as region of interests. Group independent component analysis was performed to investigate spatially independent network.ResultsWe identified aberrant functional connectivity of salience network and default mode network with the left posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) in adolescents with IGD. Furthermore, functional connectivity between salience network and pSTS correlated with proneness to Internet addiction and self-reported cognitive problems. Independent component analysis revealed that pSTS was involved in social brain network.Discussion and conclusionsThe results imply that aberrant functional connectivity of social brain network with default mode network and salience network was identified in IGD that may be associated with executive dysfunction. Our results suggest that inordinate social stimuli during excessive online gaming leads to altered connections among large-scale networks during neurodevelopment of adolescents.

Altered brain structural and functional connectivity in schizotypy

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yong-ming Wang ◽  
Xin-lu Cai ◽  
Rui-ting Zhang ◽  
Yi-jing Zhang ◽  
Han-yu Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Control Network ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Task Control ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
Functional Connectivity Strength

Abstract Background Schizotypy refers to schizophrenia-like traits below the clinical threshold in the general population. The pathological development of schizophrenia has been postulated to evolve from the initial coexistence of ‘brain disconnection’ and ‘brain connectivity compensation’ to ‘brain connectivity decompensation’. Methods In this study, we examined the brain connectivity changes associated with schizotypy by combining brain white matter structural connectivity, static and dynamic functional connectivity analysis of diffusion tensor imaging data and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data. A total of 87 participants with a high level of schizotypal traits and 122 control participants completed the experiment. Group differences in whole-brain white matter structural connectivity probability, static mean functional connectivity strength, dynamic functional connectivity variability and stability among 264 brain sub-regions of interests were investigated. Results We found that individuals with high schizotypy exhibited increased structural connectivity probability within the task control network and within the default mode network; increased variability and decreased stability of functional connectivity within the default mode network and between the auditory network and the subcortical network; and decreased static mean functional connectivity strength mainly associated with the sensorimotor network, the default mode network and the task control network. Conclusions These findings highlight the specific changes in brain connectivity associated with schizotypy and indicate that both decompensatory and compensatory changes in structural connectivity within the default mode network and the task control network in the context of whole-brain functional disconnection may be an important neurobiological correlate in individuals with high schizotypy.

scholarly journals Modulatory Interactions between the Default Mode Network and Task Positive Networks in Resting-State

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Di ◽  
Bharat B. Biswal
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Salience Network ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Brain Functions

Communications between different brain systems are critical to support complex brain functions. Unlike generally high functional connectivity between brain regions from same system, functional connectivity between regions from different systems are more variable. In the present study, we examined whether the connectivity between different brain networks were modulated by other regions by using physiophysiological interaction (PPI) on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data. Spatial independent component analysis was first conducted to identify the default mode network (DMN) and several task positive networks, including the salience, dorsal attention, left and right executive networks. PPI analysis was conducted between pairs of these networks to identify networks or regions that showed modulatory interactions with the two networks. Network-wise analysis revealed reciprocal modulatory interactions between the DMN, salience, and executive networks. Together with the anatomical properties of the salience network regions, the results suggest that the salience network may modulate the relationship between the DMN and executive networks. In addition, voxel-wise analysis demonstrated that the basal ganglia and thalamus positively interacted with the salience network and the dorsal attention network, and negatively interacted with the salience network and the DMN. The results demonstrated complex relationships among brain networks in resting-state, and suggested that between network communications of these networks may be modulated by some critical brain structures such as the salience network, basal ganglia, and thalamus.

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