scholarly journals Manual Acupuncture at PC6 Ameliorates Acute Restraint Stress-Induced Anxiety in Rats by Normalizing Amygdaloid Noradrenergic Response

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZhengLin Zhao ◽  
Sang Chan Kim ◽  
HongFeng Liu ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
YuHua Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Restraint Stress ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Ethanol Withdrawal ◽  
Central Nucleus ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Acute Restraint Stress ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Acupuncture improves ethanol withdrawal-induced anxiety in rats in an acupoint-dependent manner. Thus, the present study investigated the effects of acupuncture on acute restraint stress- (ARS-) induced anxiety. Male rats were exposed to ARS for 3 h followed by acupuncture at either PC6 (Neiguan), HT7 (Shenmen), or a nonacupoint (tail) once a day for three consecutive days. Five minutes after the third acupuncture treatment, anxiety-like behavior was evaluated in an elevated plus maze (EPM). Additionally, plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay and the concentrations of norepinephrine (NE) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylglycol (MHPG) in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Acupuncture at PC6, but not HT7 or a nonacupoint, attenuated anxiety-like behavior, but this attenuation was abolished by a postacupunctural intra-CeA infusion of NE. Acupuncture at PC6 also reduced the oversecretion of plasma CORT and inhibited increases in amygdaloid NE and MHPG induced by ARS. Further, Western blot analyses and real-time polymerase chain reaction assays revealed that acupuncture at PC6 prevented ARS-induced enhancements in the protein and mRNA expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase in the CeA. These results suggest that acupuncture performed specifically at acupoint PC6 reduces ARS-induced anxiety-like behavior by dampening amygdaloid noradrenergic responses.

scholarly journals Acupuncture Attenuates Anxiety-Like Behavior by Normalizing Amygdaloid Catecholamines during Ethanol Withdrawal in Rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Lin Zhao ◽  
Guang Wen Zhao ◽  
Hou Zhong Li ◽  
Xu Dong Yang ◽  
Yi Yan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Ethanol Withdrawal ◽  
Central Nucleus ◽  
Nucleus Accumbens Shell ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Endocrine Parameters ◽  
Ethanol Withdrawal Syndrome

Previously, we demonstrated acupuncture at acupoint HT7 (Shen-Men) attenuated ethanol withdrawal syndrome by normalizing the dopamine release in nucleus accumbens shell. In the present study, we investigated the effect of acupuncture on anxiety-like behavior in rats and its relevant mechanism by studying neuro-endocrine parameters during ethanol withdrawal. Rats were treated with 3 g kg−1day−1of ethanol (20%, w/v) or saline by intraperitoneal injections for 28 days. The rats undergoing ethanol withdrawal exhibited anxiety-like behavior 72 h after the last dose of ethanol characterized by the decrease of time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze compared with the saline-treated rats (P <.05). Radioimmunoassay exhibited there were notably increased concentrations of plasma corticosterone in ethanol-withdrawn rats compared with saline-treated rats (P< .05). Additionally, high performance liquid chromatography analysis also showed the levels of norepinephrine and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylglycol were markedly increased while the levels of dopamine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid were significantly decreased in the central nucleus of the amygdala of ethanol-withdrawn rats compared with saline-treated rats (P< .01). Acupuncture groups were treated with acupuncture at acupoint HT7 or PC6 (Nei-Guan). Acupuncture at HT7 but not PC6 greatly attenuated the anxiety-like behavior during ethanol withdrawal as evidenced by significant increases in the percentage of time spent in open arms (P< .05). In the meantime, acupuncture at HT7 also markedly inhibited the alterations of neuro-endocrine parameters induced by ethanol withdrawal (P< .05). These results suggest that acupuncture may attenuate anxiety-like behavior during ethanol withdrawal through regulation of neuro-endocrine system.

scholarly journals Aqueous Extract of Semen Ziziphi Spinosae Exerts Anxiolytic Effects during Nicotine Withdrawal via Improvement of Amygdaloid CRF/CRF1R Signaling

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changhong Gu ◽  
ZhengLin Zhao ◽  
Xiaodong Zhu ◽  
Tong Wu ◽  
Bong Hyo Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Nicotine Withdrawal ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Factor ◽  
Central Nucleus ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Plus Maze

Anxiety during nicotine withdrawal (NicW) is a key risk factor for smoking relapse. Semen Ziziphi Spinosae (SZS), which is a prototypical hypnotic-sedative herb in Oriental medicine, has been clinically used to treat insomnia and general anxiety disorders for thousands of years. Thus, the present study evaluated the effects of the aqueous extract of SZS (AESZS) on NicW-induced anxiety in male rats that received subcutaneous administrations of nicotine (Nic) (0.4 mg/kg, twice a day) for 7 d followed by 4 d of withdrawal. During NicW, the rats received four intragastric treatments of AESZS (60 mg/kg/d or 180 mg/kg/d). AESZS dose-dependently attenuated NicW-induced anxiety-like behaviors in the elevated plus maze (EPM) tests and 180 mg/kg/d AESZS inhibited NicW-induced increases in plasma corticosterone. Additionally, the protein and mRNA expressions of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and CRF type 1 receptor (CRF1R) increased in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) during NicW, but these changes were suppressed by 180 mg/kg/d AESZS. A post-AESZS infusion of CRF into the CeA abolished the attenuation of anxiety by AESZS and 180 mg/kg/d AESZS suppressed NicW-induced increases in norepinephrine and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylglycol levels in the CeA. The present results suggest that AESZS ameliorated NicW-induced anxiety via improvements in CRF/CRF1R and noradrenergic signaling in the CeA.

Responses to catecholamines in perfused livers of hypothalamic-lesioned rats

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (1) ◽  
pp. R117-R123
Author(s):  
Y. Matsui ◽  
H. Ishibashi ◽  
K. Kimura ◽  
M. Shiota ◽  
M. Ohta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Ventromedial Hypothalamus ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Beta Agonist ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Plasma Epinephrine ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
And Control ◽  
Alpha Agonist

The responses of hepatic glycogenolysis to catecholamines in ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)-lesioned male rats were examined in perfused livers. Seven days after bilateral electrical lesioning of the VMH, the livers were perfused. Isoproterenol, a beta-agonist, stimulated greater glucose production in VMH-lesioned rats than in controls (32.8 vs. 5.6 mumol glucose.h-1.g liver-1), while responses to phenylephrine, an alpha-agonist, decreased significantly compared with controls (44.4 vs. 69.8 mumol glucose.h-1.g liver-1). There were no significant differences in responses of livers to glucagon and vasopressin between control and VMH-lesioned rats. Adrenodemedullation showed the same effect on beta-responses as lesions in the VMH, but no effect on alpha-responses. Plasma epinephrine levels were not detectable with the high-performance liquid chromatography analysis in VMH-lesioned rats. The periodicity of plasma corticosterone levels was observed in both VMH-lesioned and control rats, although daytime increases in plasma corticosterone were blocked by VMH lesions. These results suggest that the lesions in the VMH cause changes in the levels of adrenergic receptor and that the increase in beta-responses is caused mostly by the reduction of plasma epinephrine.

The AT-1 Angiotensin Receptor is Involved in the Autonomic and Neuroendocrine Responses to Acute Restraint Stress in Male Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taíz F. S. Brasil ◽  
Ivaldo J. A. Belém-Filho ◽  
Eduardo A. T. Fortaleza ◽  
José Antunes-Rodrigues ◽  
Fernando M. A. Corrêa
Keyword(s):  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor ◽  
Acute Restraint Stress ◽  
Neuroendocrine Responses

scholarly journals Angiotensinergic Neurotransmissions in the Medial Amygdala Nucleus Modulate Behavioral Changes in the Forced Swimming Test Evoked by Acute Restraint Stress in Rats

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1217
Author(s):  
Camila Marchi-Coelho ◽  
Willian Costa-Ferreira ◽  
Lilian L. Reis-Silva ◽  
Carlos C. Crestani
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
At1 Receptor ◽  
Forced Swimming ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
At2 Receptor ◽  
Acute Restraint Stress ◽  
Swimming Test

We investigated the role of angiotensin II type 1 (AT1 receptor) and type 2 (AT2 receptor) and MAS receptors present in the medial amygdaloid nucleus (MeA) in behavioral changes in the forced swimming test (FST) evoked by acute restraint stress in male rats. For this, rats received bilateral microinjection of either the selective AT1 receptor antagonist losartan, the selective AT2 receptor antagonist PD123319, the selective MAS receptor antagonist A-779, or vehicle 10 min before a 60 min restraint session. Then, behavior in the FST was evaluated immediately after the restraint (15 min session) and 24 h later (5 min session). The behavior in the FST of a non-stressed group was also evaluated. We observed that acute restraint stress decreased immobility during both sessions of the FST in animals treated with vehicle in the MeA. The decreased immobility during the first session was inhibited by intra-MeA administration of PD123319, whereas the effect during the second session was not identified in animals treated with A-779 into the MeA. Microinjection of PD123319 into the MeA also affected the pattern of active behaviors (i.e., swimming and climbing) during the second session of the FST. Taken together, these results indicate an involvement of angiotensinergic neurotransmissions within the MeA in behavioral changes in the FST evoked by stress.

scholarly journals Effects of Acute Restraint Stress on Sperm Motility and Secretion of Pituitary, Adrenocortical and Gonadal Hormones in Adult Male Rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 1501-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longquan REN ◽  
Xuezheng LI ◽  
Qiang WENG ◽  
Hataitip TRISOMBOON ◽  
Tatsuya YAMAMOTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Acute Restraint Stress

Histamine- and stress-induced prolactin secretion: importance of vasopressin V1- and V2-receptors

1994 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Kjær ◽  
Ulrich Knigge ◽  
Jørgen Warberg
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Selective Blockade ◽  
Combined Administration ◽  
Dose Dependent

Kjær A, Knigge U, Warberg J. Histamine- and stress-induced prolactin secretion: importance of vasopressin V1- and V2-receptors. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:391–7. ISSN 0804–4643 We investigated the involvement of arginine vasopressin (AVP) V1- and V2-receptors in the prolactin (PRL) secretory response to histamine (HA) or restraint stress stimulation in conscious male rats by selective blockade of AVP receptors using different antagonists. Histamine (270 nmol) administered intracerebroventricularly or 5 min of restraint stress stimulated PRL secretion 10–14-fold. Pretreatment with the selective V1- receptor antagonists [1-(p-t-butyl-β-mercapto-β, β-cyclopentamethylene propionic acid)-2-(O-methyl)tyrosine-8-d-arginine] vasopressin or [1-(β-mercapto-β, β-cyclopentamethylene propionic acid)-2-(O-methyl)tyrosine-8-arginine]vasopressin inhibited the PRL response to HA and restraint stress in a dose-dependent manner with maximal inhibition of 60%. The effect of the two antagonists was identical when equipotent antivasopressor doses were administered. The selective V2-receptor antagonist [1-(β-mercapto-β, β-cyclopentamethylene propionic acid)-2-d-isoleucine-4-isoleucine-8-arginine]vasopressin was unable to inhibit the PRL response significantly. Combined administration of the V1-receptor antagonist [1-(p-t-butyl-β-mercapto-β, β-cyclopentamethylene propionic acid)-2-(O-methyl)tyrosine-8-d-arginine]vasopressin and the V2-receptor antagonist inhibited the PRL response to HA to the same extent as that observed when the V1antagonist was administered alone. None of the antagonists used had any effect on basal PRL secretion. We conclude that AVP seems to play a role in the mediation of HA- and restraint stressinduced secretion of PRL, and that the AVP receptor involved is primarily of the V1 -type or similar to this. Andreas Kjær, Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Panum Institute (Building 12.3), University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Anxiolytic Activity of NR-ANX-C (a Polyherbal Formulation) in Ethanol Withdrawal-Induced Anxiety Behavior in Rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mohan ◽  
U. S. C. Rao ◽  
H. N. Gopalakrishna ◽  
V. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Anxiolytic Activity ◽  
Ethanol Withdrawal ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Polyherbal Formulation ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Anxiety Behavior ◽  
Dose Dependent

The present study investigates the anxiolytic activity of NR-ANX-C, a standardized polyherbal formulation containing the extracts ofWithania somnifera, Ocimum sanctum, Camellia sinensis, Triphala, and Shilajit in ethanol withdrawal- (EW-) induced anxiety behavior in rats. Ethanol dependence in rats was produced by substitution of drinking water with 7.5% v/v alcohol for 10 days. Then, ethanol withdrawal was induced by replacing alcohol with drinking water, 12 hours prior to experimentation. After confirming induction of withdrawal symptoms in the alcohol deprived animals, the anxiolytic activity of the test compound in graded doses (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) was compared to the standard drug alprazolam (0.08 mg/kg) in the elevated plus maze and bright and dark arena paradigms. In our study, single and repeated dose administration of NR-ANX-C reduced EW-induced anxiety in a dose-dependent manner. Even though the anxiolytic activity was not significant at lower doses, NR-ANX-C at the highest dose tested (40 mg/kg) produced significant anxiolytic activity that was comparable to the standard drug alprazolam. Based on our findings we believe that NR-ANX-C has the potential to be used as an alternative to benzodiazepines in the treatment of EW-induced anxiety.

Age- and sex-dependent stimulation of growth rate in rats by the adrenal inhibitor trilostane

1987 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Sillence ◽  
R. G. Rodway
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Food Conversion Efficiency

ABSTRACT The effects of the adrenal inhibitor trilostane were examined in male and female rats to determine whether growth rate could be improved by lowering circulating plasma corticosterone concentrations. Dose–response studies revealed that in young female rats (125 g) trilostane lowered peak plasma corticosterone levels in a dose-dependent manner. In male rats plasma corticosterone concentrations were reduced only by very high doses of trilostane (200 mg/kg), while lower doses (2–8 mg/kg) actually increased them. Five growth studies were conducted using a total of 90 rats. In female animals, daily injections of trilostane (10 mg/day) caused an age-dependent increase in growth rate ranging from 11% in 127 g rats to 30% in 164 g rats. In three out of four experiments using females, food intake was slightly increased by the drug. Food conversion efficiency was improved consistently by trilostane by up to 18%. Trilostane-treated females had significantly heavier adrenal glands and livers, but lighter kidneys than control rats. When a complete carcass analysis was performed on one experimental group, no significant differences were found. Carcass component weights relative to control values were: body weight (103%), body water (105%), fat-free solids (103%), carcass weight (103%), body length (103%), body fat (95%) and gut content (96%). In male rats (160 g), daily injections of trilostane (10 mg) resulted in a steady and sustained depression of growth rate reflecting a similar fall in food intake, with no change in food conversion efficiency. It is concluded that in older female rats growth rate is constrained by physiological concentrations of glucocorticoids. Younger females are either less sensitive to trilostane or to changes in plasma corticosterone levels. Male rats are less responsive to adrenal suppression by trilostane than are females of a similar age and do not exhibit an anabolic response to this drug. J. Endocr. (1987) 113, 479–484

Nerve Injury Alters Restraint-induced Activation of the Basolateral Amygdala in Male Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Kang ◽  
David Mor ◽  
Kevin A Keay
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Basolateral Amygdala ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Neuronal Activation ◽  
Acute Restraint Stress ◽  
The Right ◽  
Psychological Stressor

Abstract The amygdala is critical for the production of appropriate responses towards emotional or stressful stimuli. It has a characteristic neuronal activation pattern to acute stressors. Chronic pain and acute stress have each been shown to independently modulate the activity of the amygdala. Few studies have investigated the effect of pain or injury, on amygdala activation to acute stress. This study investigated the effects of a neuropathic injury on the activation response of the amygdala to an acute restraint stress. Chronic constriction injury of the right sciatic nerve (CCI) was used to create neuropathic injury and a single brief 15-minute acute restraint was used as an emotional/psychological stressor. All rats received cholera toxin B (CTB) retrograde tracer injections into the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) to assess if the amygdala to mPFC pathway was specifically regulated by the combination of neuropathic injury and acute stress. To assess differential patterns of activity in amygdala subregions, cFos expression was used as a marker for “acute”, restraint triggered neuronal activation, and FosB/DFosB expression was used to reveal prolonged neuronal activation / sensitisation triggered by CCI. Restraint resulted in a characteristic increase in cFos expression in the medial amygdala, which was not altered by CCI. Rats with a CCI showed increased cFos expression in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), in response to an acute restraint stress, but not in neurons projecting to the prefrontal cortex. Further, CCI rats showed an increase in FosB/ΔFosB expression which was exclusive to the BLA. This increase likely reflects sensitisation of the BLA as a consequence of nerve injury which may contribute to heightened sensitivity of BLA neurons to acute emotional/ psychological stressors.

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