scholarly journals A Vessel Positioning Algorithm Based on Satellite Automatic Identification System

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shexiang Ma ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Xin Meng ◽  
Junfeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Satellite System ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Multiple Model ◽  
Additional Measurement ◽  
Automatic Identification System ◽  
Interactive Multiple Model ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
Positioning Algorithm ◽  
Model Algorithm

Vessels can obtain high precision positioning by using the global navigation satellite system (GNSS), but when the ship borne GNSS receiver fails, the existence of an alternative positioning system is important for the navigation safety of vessel. In this paper, a localization method based on the signals transmitted by satellite-based automatic identification system (AIS) is proposed for vessel in GNSS-denied environments. In the proposed method, the positioning model is a modification on the basis of time difference and frequency difference of arrival measurements by introducing an additional measurement, and the measurement is obtained through the interactive multiple model algorithm. The performance of the proposed strategy is evaluated through simulations, and the results validate the feasibility and reliability of vessel localization based on satellite-based AIS.

Securing the Automatic Identification System (AIS): Using public key cryptography to prevent spoofing whilst retaining backwards compatibility

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Gareth Wimpenny ◽  
Jan Šafář ◽  
Alan Grant ◽  
Martin Bransby
Keyword(s):  
Data Exchange ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Public Key Cryptography ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Public Key ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Automatic Identification System ◽  
Safe Navigation ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

Abstract The civilian Automatic Identification System (AIS) has no inherent protection against spoofing. Spoofed AIS messages have the potential to interfere with the safe navigation of a vessel by, amongst other approaches, spoofing maritime virtual aids to navigation and/or differential global navigation satellite system (DGNSS) correction data conveyed across it. Acting maliciously, a single transmitter may spoof thousands of AIS messages per minute with the potential to cause considerable nuisance; compromising information provided by AIS intended to enhance the mariner's situational awareness. This work describes an approach to authenticate AIS messages using public key cryptography (PKC) and thus provide unequivocal evidence that AIS messages originate from genuine sources and so can be trusted. Improvements to the proposed AIS authentication scheme are identified which address a security weakness and help avoid false positives to spoofing caused by changes to message syntax. A channel loading investigation concludes that sufficient bandwidth is available to routinely authenticate all AIS messages whilst retaining backwards compatibility by carrying PKC ‘digital signatures’ in a separate VHF Data Exchange System (VDES) side channel.

scholarly journals The Single-Shore-Station-Based Position Estimation Method of an Automatic Identification System

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Jiang ◽  
Kai Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Estimation Method ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Position Estimation ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Automatic Identification System ◽  
Shore Station ◽  
Position Data ◽  
Positioning Method ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

In order to overcome the vulnerability of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), the International Maritime Organization (IMO) initiated the ranging mode (R-Mode) of the automatic identification system (AIS) to provide resilient position data. As the existing AIS is a communication system, the number of shore stations as reference stations cannot satisfy positioning requirements. Especially in the area near a shore station, it is very common that a vessel can only receive signals from one shore station, where the traditional positioning method cannot be used. A novel position estimation method using multiple antennas on shipborne equipment is proposed here, which provides a vessel’s position even though the vessel can only receive signals from a single shore station. It is beneficial for solving positioning issues in proximity to the coast. Further, as the distances between different antennas to the shore station are not sufficiently independent, the positioning matrix can easily be near singularity or ill-conditioned; thus, an effective position solving method is derived. Furthermore, the proposed method is verified and evaluated in different scenarios by numerical simulation. We assessed the influencing factors of positioning performance, such as the vessel’s heading angle, the relative position, and the distances between the shore station and the vessel. The proposed method widely expands the application scope of the AIS R-Mode positioning system.

scholarly journals Virtual Electronic Aids to Navigation for Remote and Ecologically Sensitive Regions

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Glenn Wright ◽  
Michael Baldauf
Keyword(s):  
Denial Of Service ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Hostile Environment ◽  
Ship Navigation ◽  
Potential Methods ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

Vessel traffic in the Arctic is expanding in volume both within and transiting the region, yet the infrastructure necessary to support modern ship navigation is lacking. This includes aids to navigation such as buoys and beacons that can be difficult to place and maintain in this hostile environment that stretches across vast distances. The results of research are described which determine whether virtual electronic Aids to Navigation (eAtoN) existing entirely as digital information objects can overcome the practical limitations of physical aids to navigation (AtoN) and Automatic Identification System (AIS) radio eAtoN. Capabilities unique to virtual eAtoN that are not available using either physical or AIS radio technologies are also examined including dynamic and real time properties and immunity to Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and AIS spoofing, aliasing, denial of service attacks and service outages. Conclusions are provided describing potential methods of deployment based upon similar concepts already in use.

Automatic Identification System Receiver for Small Fishing Vessels

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Febus Reidj G. Cruz ◽  
Jeremiah A. Ordiales ◽  
Malvin Angelo C. Reyes ◽  
Pinky T. Salvanera
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Automatic Identification System ◽  
Fishing Vessels

Automatic identification system data-driven model for analysis of ship domain near bridge-waters

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Lei Jinyu ◽  
Liu Lei ◽  
Chu Xiumin ◽  
He Wei ◽  
Liu Xinglong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Collision Risk ◽  
Automatic Identification System ◽  
Domain Models ◽  
System Data ◽  
Quantification Model ◽  
Highly Correlated

Abstract The ship safety domain plays a significant role in collision risk assessment. However, few studies take the practical considerations of implementing this method in the vicinity of bridge-waters into account. Therefore, historical automatic identification system data is utilised to construct and analyse ship domains considering ship–ship and ship–bridge collisions. A method for determining the closest boundary is proposed, and the boundary of the ship domain is fitted by the least squares method. The ship domains near bridge-waters are constructed as ellipse models, the characteristics of which are discussed. Novel fuzzy quaternion ship domain models are established respectively for inland ships and bridge piers, which would assist in the construction of a risk quantification model and the calculation of a grid ship collision index. A case study is carried out on the multi-bridge waterway of the Yangtze River in Wuhan, China. The results show that the size of the ship domain is highly correlated with the ship's speed and length, and analysis of collision risk can reflect the real situation near bridge-waters, which is helpful to demonstrate the application of the ship domain in quantifying the collision risk and to characterise the collision risk distribution near bridge-waters.

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