scholarly journals Effect of Aging Process in Different Solutions on Kenaf Fibre Structure and Its Interfacial Adhesion in Epoxy Composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Shalwan ◽  
M. Alajmi ◽  
A. Alajmi
Keyword(s):  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Single Fibre ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Remarkable Effect ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Water Salt ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Kenaf Fibres

Interfacial adhesion of kenaf fibres in epoxy composites was investigated using single fibre pull-out test. Several aged kenaf fibres were tested in this work. Two types of kenaf fibres were used in the work, those treated with 6% NaOH and those untreated kenaf fibres. Kenaf fibres were aged in engine oil, water, salt water, and diesel. The pull-out tests were performed using microtensile tests. The tests were performed at 1 mm/min loading rate. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the damage on the fibres and the effect of the treatment. The general results revealed that aging of the fibres reduced their strength and interfacial adhesion. Salt water showed the least effect on the strength of the fibres. At most cases, the breakage in the fibres is the main failure. In other words, there is no remarkable effect of aging on the interfacial adhesion since the most impact was on the structure of the fibres.

Characterization of sodium hydroxide-treated kenaf fibres for biodegradable composite application

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 890-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aziz Hassan ◽  
MR Mohd Isa ◽  
ZA Mohd Ishak ◽  
NA Ishak ◽  
Normasmira A Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Single Fibre ◽  
Natural Fibres ◽  
Impact Properties ◽  
Chemical Surface ◽  
Biodegradable Composite ◽  
Kenaf Fibres

Natural fibres have shown immense potential as reinforcement for composites in the place of conventional fibres. Natural fibres are lightweight, cheap and environmentally friendly. However, it is already established that natural fibres have poor interaction with polymers due to its hydrophilic nature, resulting in poor interfacial adhesion, which is detrimental to the properties of the composite. Chemical surface treatment has been done to improve the interfacial adhesion. Various concentrations of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and soaking times were employed, and the treated fibres were then characterized using thermogravimetric analyser, X-ray powder diffraction and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. Single-fibre tensile tests were done on selected samples. The surface of the fibre was analysed with field-emission scanning electron microscope to study the surface morphology of the treated and untreated fibres. Generally, the treated fibres have higher thermal stability compared to untreated fibres. However, no significant trend was observed as a result of varying NaOH concentration and soak time. It was also observed that kenaf fibres treated with 4% (w/v) NaOH for 5 h exhibited the highest tensile modulus and tensile strength compared to other treated fibres. Impact properties of composites prepared from untreated and NaOH-treated kenaf were tested to confirm the finding, and it was determined that the treated kenaf composites have superior impact properties to its untreated counterpart.

scholarly journals Interfacial Adhesion Characteristics of Kenaf Fibres Subjected to Different Polymer Matrices and Fibre Treatments

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umar Nirmal ◽  
Saijod T. W. Lau ◽  
Jamil Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Single Fibre ◽  
Polymer Matrices ◽  
Alkaline Solutions ◽  
Fibre Breakage ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Fibre Pullout ◽  
Failure Morphology ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion Strength ◽  
Kenaf Fibres

This study is aimed at determining the interfacial adhesion strength (IAS) of kenaf fibres using different chemical treatments in hydrochloric (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with different concentrations. Single fibre pullout tests (SFPT) were carried out for both untreated and treated fibres partially embedded into three different polymer matrices; polyester, epoxy, and polyurethane (PU) as reinforcement blocks and tested under dry loading conditions. The study revealed that kenaf fibres treated with 6% NaOH subjected to polyester, epoxy, and PU matrices exhibits excellent IAS while poor in acidic treatment. The effect of SFPT results was mainly attributed to chemical composition of the fibres, types of fibre treatments, and variation in resin viscosities. By scanning electron microscopy examination of the material failure morphology, the fibres experienced brittle and ductile fibre breakage mechanisms after treatment with acidic and alkaline solutions.

Cu (II) coordination modification of aramid fiber and effect on interfacial adhesion of composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 1054-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Li ◽  
Zengxiao Wang ◽  
Junrong Yu ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Jing Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Interfacial Shear Strength ◽  
Copper Ion ◽  
Aramid Fiber ◽  
Single Fiber ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
The Matrix

In this article, active groups were introduced to the surface of aramid fiber by building a Cu2+ bridge between the aramid fiber and polyethyleneimine (PEI) to improve adhesion in composites between the aramid fiber and the matrix such as epoxy resin. The changes in the structure and properties of the aramid fiber were verified with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the single-fiber pull-out test. The FTIR and XPS results show a significant change in the structure and morphology of the aramid fiber after modification. The results of the single-fiber pull-out test show that the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of epoxy composites reinforced with PEI-grafted aramid fiber increases by 48.8% compared with the IFSS of epoxy composites reinforced with untreated fiber. Thus, the proposed method can improve the interfacial bonding of composites by creating a copper ion bridge between the aramid fiber and PEI.

Controlling porosity and density of nanocellulose aerogels for superhydrophobic light materials

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengua Yu ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Shiyu Fu ◽  
Lucian Lucia
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Waste Engine Oil ◽  
Hydrophobically Modified ◽  
Static Contact ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Hydrophobic Material

A very low-density oil-absorbing hydrophobic material was fabricated from cellulose nanofiber aerogels–coated silane substances. Nanocellulose aerogels (NCA) superabsorbents were prepared by freeze drying cellulose nanofibril dispersions at 0.2%, 0.5%, 0.8%, 1.0%, and 1.5% w/w. The NCA were hydrophobically modified with methyltrimethoxysilane. The surface morphology and wettability were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and static contact angle. The aerogels displayed an ultralow density (2.0–16.7 mg·cm-3), high porosity (99.9%–98.9%), and superhydrophobicity as evidenced by the contact angle of ~150° that enabled the aerogels to effectively absorb oil from an oil/water mixture. The absorption capacities of hydrophobic nanocellulose aerogels for waste engine oil and olive oil could be up to 140 g·g-1 and 179.1 g·g-1, respectively.

An Energy-Based interpretation of Interfacial Adhesion from Single Fibre Composite Fragmentation Testing

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 096369359300200 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.D. Wagner ◽  
S. Ling
Keyword(s):  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Interfacial Shear Strength ◽  
Fibre Composite ◽  
Stress Transfer ◽  
Single Fibre ◽  
Transfer Length ◽  
Fragmentation Test ◽  
Energy Balance Approach ◽  
Fibre Matrix

An energy balance approach is proposed for the single fibre composite (or fragmentation) test, by which the degree of fibre-matrix bonding is quantified by means of the interfacial energy, rather than the interfacial shear strength, as a function of the fibre geometrical and mechanical characteristics, the stress transfer length, and the debonding length. The validity of the approach is discussed using E-glass fibres embedded in epoxy, both in the dry state and in the presence of hot distilled water.

Sulfone-functionalized poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) copolymer fibers with improved interfacial adhesion to epoxy matrices

2021 ◽  
pp. 095400832110089
Author(s):  
Ting Li ◽  
Zengxiao Wang ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Yutong Cao ◽  
Zuming Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Interfacial Shear Strength ◽  
Aramid Fiber ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Regular Arrangement ◽  
Epoxy Matrices ◽  
Polymerization Conditions

The poor interfacial adhesion of aramid fiber and matrix limits the application of the final composites. In this study, a series of the sulfone-functionalized poly( p-phenylene terephthalamide) (SPPTA) copolymers were satisfactorily synthesized and the effects of polymerization conditions (contents of the additional monomer and the cosolvent LiCl, molar concentration and ratio of the monomer, reaction temperature and time) on the molecular weight of the copolymer were discussed. The introduction of the sulfone group in aromatic polyamides not only increased the polarity of poly( p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) but destroyed the regular arrangement of the molecular chains, which greatly improved the surface free energy and the solubility of the polymers in organic solvents. The polymer maintained excellent thermal and interfacial properties. Compared with the PPTA fiber/epoxy composites, the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of SPPTA fiber-reinforced epoxy composites reached 43.5 MPa, with a significantly enhancement of 20.8%, implying that the study provided an effective method to achieve highly interfacial adhesion of aramid fiber-reinforced composites.

scholarly journals Sugar Palm Fibre-Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composite Interface Characterisation by Pull-Out Test

2011 ◽  
Vol 471-472 ◽  
pp. 1034-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulkiflle Leman ◽  
S.M. Sapuan ◽  
S. Suppiah
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Fibre Surface ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Single Fibre ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Natural Fibres ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Polyester Composite ◽  
Sugar Palm Fibre

Polymer composites using natural fibres as the reinforcing agents have found their use in many applications. However, they do suffer from a few limitations, due to the hydrophilicity of the natural fibres which results in low compatibility with the hydrophobic polymer matrices. This paper aims to determine the best sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) fibre surface treatment to improve the fibre-matrix interfacial adhesion. Fibre surface modifications were carried out by water retting process where the fibres were immersed in sea water, pond water and sewage water for the period of 30 days. The test samples were fabricated by placing a single fibre in an unsaturated polyester resin. Single-fibre pull-out tests showed that freshwater-treated fibres possessed the highest interfacial shear strength, followed by untreated fibres, sewage water-treated fibres, and sea water-treated fibres. Further surface analyses of the samples were performed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and an Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) system.

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