scholarly journals Bach1: Function, Regulation, and Involvement in Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyue Zhang ◽  
Jieyu Guo ◽  
Xiangxiang Wei ◽  
Cong Niu ◽  
Mengping Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Breast Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Mammalian Tissues ◽  
Recognition Elements ◽  
And Function ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Specific Disease State ◽  
Promote Breast Cancer

The transcription factor BTB and CNC homology 1 (Bach1) is widely expressed in most mammalian tissues and functions primarily as a transcriptional suppressor by heterodimerizing with small Maf proteins and binding to Maf recognition elements in the promoters of targeted genes. It has a key regulatory role in the production of reactive oxygen species, cell cycle, heme homeostasis, hematopoiesis, and immunity and has been shown to suppress ischemic angiogenesis and promote breast cancer metastasis. This review summarizes how Bach1 controls these and other cellular and physiological and pathological processes. Bach1 expression and function differ between different cell types. Thus, therapies designed to manipulate Bach1 expression will need to be tightly controlled and tailored for each specific disease state or cell type.

scholarly journals miRNA-dependent regulation of STIM1 expression in breast cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmi P. Kulkarni ◽  
Asha Elmi ◽  
Ethel Alcantara-Adap ◽  
Satanay Hubrack ◽  
Nancy Nader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Breast Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Mirna Species ◽  
Different Cell Types

Abstract Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) has been shown to be important for breast cancer metastasis in xenograft mouse models. The ER Ca2+ sensor STIM1 and Orai plasma membrane Ca2+ channels molecularly mediate SOCE. Here we investigate the role of the microRNA machinery in regulating STIM1 expression. We show that STIM1 expression is regulated post-transcriptionally by the miRNA machinery and identify miR-223 and miR-150 as regulators of STIM1 expression in the luminal non-aggressive MCF7 breast cancer cell line. In contrast, STIM1 expression in the more aggressive basal triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cell line is not significantly modulated by a single miRNA species but is rather upregulated due to inhibition of the miRNA machinery through downregulation of Ago2. Consistently, overexpression of Ago2 results in decreased STIM1 protein levels in MDA-MB-231 cells. Clinically, STIM1 and Ago2 expression levels do not correlate with breast cancer progression, however in the basal subtype high STIM1 expression is associated with poorer survival. Our findings show that STIM1 expression is differentially regulated by the miRNA machinery in different cell types and argue for a role for this regulation in breast cancer.

scholarly journals Epigenetic reprogramming of cell identity: lessons from development for regenerative medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amitava Basu ◽  
Vijay K. Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Direct Conversion ◽  
Cellular Reprogramming ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Gene Regulatory ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
And Function

AbstractEpigenetic mechanisms are known to define cell-type identity and function. Hence, reprogramming of one cell type into another essentially requires a rewiring of the underlying epigenome. Cellular reprogramming can convert somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that can be directed to differentiate to specific cell types. Trans-differentiation or direct reprogramming, on the other hand, involves the direct conversion of one cell type into another. In this review, we highlight how gene regulatory mechanisms identified to be critical for developmental processes were successfully used for cellular reprogramming of various cell types. We also discuss how the therapeutic use of the reprogrammed cells is beginning to revolutionize the field of regenerative medicine particularly in the repair and regeneration of damaged tissue and organs arising from pathological conditions or accidents. Lastly, we highlight some key challenges hindering the application of cellular reprogramming for therapeutic purposes.

scholarly journals Profound functional and molecular diversity of mitochondria revealed by cell type-specific profiling in vivo

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Fecher ◽  
Laura Trovò ◽  
Stephan A. Müller ◽  
Nicolas Snaidero ◽  
Jennifer Wettmarshausen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Mitochondrial Proteome ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
And Function

AbstractMitochondria vary in morphology and function in different tissues, however little is known about their molecular diversity among cell types. To investigate mitochondrial diversity in vivo, we developed an efficient protocol to isolate cell type-specific mitochondria based on a new MitoTag mouse. We profiled the mitochondrial proteome of three major neural cell types in cerebellum and identified a substantial number of differential mitochondrial markers for these cell types in mice and humans. Based on predictions from these proteomes, we demonstrate that astrocytic mitochondria metabolize long-chain fatty acids more efficiently than neurons. Moreover, we identified Rmdn3 as a major determinant of ER-mitochondria proximity in Purkinje cells. Our novel approach enables exploring mitochondrial diversity on the functional and molecular level in many in vivo contexts.

scholarly journals SeqEnhDL: sequence-based classification of cell type-specific enhancers using deep learning models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yupeng Wang ◽  
Rosario B. Jaime-Lara ◽  
Abhrarup Roy ◽  
Ying Sun ◽  
Xinyue Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Coding Sequences ◽  
Sequence Features ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
Different Cell Types

AbstractWe propose SeqEnhDL, a deep learning framework for classifying cell type-specific enhancers based on sequence features. DNA sequences of “strong enhancer” chromatin states in nine cell types from the ENCODE project were retrieved to build and test enhancer classifiers. For any DNA sequence, sequential k-mer (k=5, 7, 9 and 11) fold changes relative to randomly selected non-coding sequences were used as features for deep learning models. Three deep learning models were implemented, including multi-layer perceptron (MLP), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). All models in SeqEnhDL outperform state-of-the-art enhancer classifiers including gkm-SVM and DanQ, with regard to distinguishing cell type-specific enhancers from randomly selected non-coding sequences. Moreover, SeqEnhDL is able to directly discriminate enhancers from different cell types, which has not been achieved by other enhancer classifiers. Our analysis suggests that both enhancers and their tissue-specificity can be accurately identified according to their sequence features. SeqEnhDL is publicly available at https://github.com/wyp1125/SeqEnhDL.

scholarly journals Cell type-restricted activity of hnRNPM promotes breast cancer metastasis via regulating alternative splicing

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1191-1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Xu ◽  
X. D. Gao ◽  
J.-H. Lee ◽  
H. Huang ◽  
H. Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Breast Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Restricted Activity

KIBRA Team Up with Partners to Promote Breast Cancer Metastasis

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 627-634
Author(s):  
Garima Singh ◽  
Sarthak Mishra ◽  
Harish Chander
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Breast Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Promote Breast Cancer

scholarly journals Hypercapnia Regulates Gene Expression and Tissue Function

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiko Shigemura ◽  
Lynn C. Welch ◽  
Jacob I. Sznajder
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Chronic Lung Diseases ◽  
Tissue Responses ◽  
Mammalian Tissues ◽  
Specific Tissue ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Alveolar Gas Exchange

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is produced in eukaryotic cells primarily during aerobic respiration, resulting in higher CO2 levels in mammalian tissues than those in the atmosphere. CO2 like other gaseous molecules such as oxygen and nitric oxide, is sensed by cells and contributes to cellular and organismal physiology. In humans, elevation of CO2 levels in tissues and the bloodstream (hypercapnia) occurs during impaired alveolar gas exchange in patients with severe acute and chronic lung diseases. Advances in understanding of the biology of high CO2 effects reveal that the changes in CO2 levels are sensed in cells resulting in specific tissue responses. There is accumulating evidence on the transcriptional response to elevated CO2 levels that alters gene expression and activates signaling pathways with consequences for cellular and tissue functions. The nature of hypercapnia-responsive transcriptional regulation is an emerging area of research, as the responses to hypercapnia in different cell types, tissues, and species are not fully understood. Here, we review the current understanding of hypercapnia effects on gene transcription and consequent cellular and tissue functions.

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