scholarly journals Altered Feeding Behaviors and Adiposity Precede Observable Weight Gain in Young Rats Submitted to a Short-Term High-Fat Diet

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Andrich ◽  
Lilya Melbouci ◽  
Ya Ou ◽  
Jean-Philippe Leduc-Gaudet ◽  
François Chabot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ambulatory Activity ◽  
Feeding Patterns ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Total Weight Gain

Information regarding the early effects of obesogenic diets on feeding patterns and behaviors is limited. To improve knowledge regarding the etiology of obesity, young male Wistar rats were submitted to high-fat (HFD) or regular chow diets (RCDs) for 14 days. Various metabolic parameters were continuously measured using metabolic chambers. Total weight gain was similar between groups, but heavier visceral fat depots and reduced weight of livers were found in HFD rats. Total calorie intake was increased while individual feeding bouts were shorter and of higher calorie intake in response to HFD. Ambulatory activity and sleep duration were decreased in HFD rats during passive and active phase, respectively. Acylated and unacylated ghrelin levels were unaltered by the increased calorie intake and the early changes in body composition. This indicates that at this early stage, the orexigenic signal did not adapt to the high-calorie content of HFD. We hereby demonstrate that, although total weight gain is not affected, a short-term obesogenic diet alters body composition, feeding patterns, satiation, ambulatory activity profiles, and behaviours in a young rat model. Moreover, this effect precedes changes in weight gain, obesity, and ensuing metabolic disorders.

Factorial and discriminant analysis on non-carcass components of Berganês lambs from different sexual classes and crossbreeding

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
José Renaldo Vilar da Silva Filho ◽  
João Bandeira de Moura Neto ◽  
Lays Thayse Alves dos Santos ◽  
Clebson Oliveira Ferreira ◽  
Rafael Torres de Souza Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Statistics ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Total Weight Gain ◽  
Santa Inês ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
By Products

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the non-carcass components (NCC) of Berganês ecotype lambs of different sexual classes and genotypes using univariate and multivariate statistics, carrying out two experimental trials. In order to evaluate the effects of the sexual class, non-castrated males (BNC), castrated males (BC) and females (BF) of Berganês ecotype lambs were used, with mean initial body weight of 27 ± 3.1 kg. To evaluate crossbreeding, non-castrated male lambs of the genotypes Berganês (BG), Berganês × Santa Inês (BSI) and Berganês × Dorper (BD) were used, as well as the control Dorper × Santa Inês (DSI), all with mean initial body weight of 28 ± 3.8 kg. The weight and yield of the total by-products was higher for BNC. Regarding the genotype, BSI showed higher weight and yield of internal fat, but the weight and yield of the total by-products was higher for BG and BD. In factorial analysis (FA), the NCC, more correlated with empty body weight (EBW) and total weight gain (TWG), showed higher eigenvectors for factor 1. For factor 2, the weights and yields of internal fat and total viscera obtained higher eigenvectors. The discriminant analysis (DA) classified 100% of individuals in their respective sexes and genotypes. Therefore, the FA indicated that, among the NCC evaluated, the weights of liver, kidneys, GIT, skin and feets are determinant for obtaining EBW and TWG. The classification achieved by the DA indicates that the sexual classes and genotypes are heterogeneous.

scholarly journals Body composition and behaviour in adult rats are influenced by maternal diet, maternal age and high-fat feeding

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ware ◽  
J.-P. Voigt ◽  
S. C. Langley-Evans
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Older Mothers ◽  
Maternal Undernutrition ◽  
Low Protein

AbstractFetal exposure to maternal undernutrition has lifelong consequences for physiological and metabolic function. Maternal low-protein diet is associated with an age-related phenotype in rats, characterised by a period of resistance to development of obesity in early adulthood, giving way to an obesity-prone, insulin-resistant state in later adulthood. Offspring of rats fed a control (18 % casein) or low-protein (9 % casein; LP) diet in pregnancy were challenged with a high-fat diet at 9 months of age. To assess whether other maternal factors modulated the programming effects of nutrition, offspring were studied from young (2–4 months old) and older (6–9 months old) mothers. Weight gain with a high-fat diet was attenuated in male offspring of older mothers fed LP (interaction of maternal age and diet; P = 0·011) and adipose tissue deposition was lower with LP feeding in both males and females (P < 0·05). Although the resistance to weight gain and adiposity was partially explained by lower energy intake in offspring of LP mothers (P < 0·001 males only), it was apparent that energy expenditure must be influenced by maternal diet and age. Assessment of locomotor activity indicated that energy expenditure associated with physical activity was unlikely to explain resistance to weight gain, but showed that offspring of older mothers were more anxious than those of younger mothers, with more rearing observed in a novel environment and on the elevated plus-maze. The data showed that in addition to maternal undernutrition, greater maternal age may influence development and long-term body composition in the rat.

Weight suppression predicts total weight gain and rate of weight gain in outpatients with anorexia nervosa

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 912-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances A. Carter ◽  
Joseph M. Boden ◽  
Jennifer Jordan ◽  
Virginia V.W. McIntosh ◽  
Cynthia M. Bulik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Total Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Suppression

Comparative growth performance of Kajli lambs suckling their dams or offered buffalo-milk, cow-milk or milk replacer during pre-weaning period

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Musharraf Ahmad Anjum ◽  
Shaukat Ali Bhatti ◽  
Muhammad Sarwar ◽  
Ghulam Muhammad ◽  
Muhammad Jamil Basra
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Buffalo Milk ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Group I ◽  
Total Weight Gain

Kajli, is one of the most beautiful sheep breeds of Pakistan. Because of their beauty, Kajli lambs are sold at a higher price than those of other breeds with similar weight. With the increasing trend in commercial livestock farming, young Kajli lambs are purchased from the open market and reared up to Eid-ul-Adha (The Muslim Sacrificial Day). Information on feeding cost and growth performance on artificial rearing is important for the breed lovers and for a commercial enterprise. The present study aimed at generating basic information on feeding cost and growth performance of Kajli lambs offered milk replacer, cow-milk, and buffalo-milk, in comparison with those suckling directly from their dams. Fifty-six healthy Kajli lambs both male and female (with equal sex ratio) born at the Livestock Experimental Station, Khushab, Punjab, Pakistan during spring 2013 remained with their mothers for 1 week and were then divided into four groups of 14 animals each. Lambs in Group I were allowed to suckle their dams ad libitum, twice daily until 8 weeks and then once daily from 9 to 12 weeks. Lambs were weighed before and after suckling to calculate milk consumption. Lambs in the other three treatments were offered buffalo-milk, cow-milk or milk replacer at the rate of 10% of bodyweight until the 8th week and then gradually reduced to zero by the end of the 12th week. All lambs were offered starter ration from the 5th week of age in individual pens. The data on milk and starter intake, weekly bodyweight and blood glucose were analysed through MIXED procedures of SAS using repeated-measures analysis, and average daily gain (ADG), total weight gain, weaning weight and feeding cost were analysed using a completely randomised design. Least square means of ADG (g/day) and total weight gain (kg) were similar (P > 0.05) in direct suckling lambs and lambs offered buffalo-milk (175 and 151, and 14.5 and 12.5, respectively), and were higher (P < 0.05) than those offered cow-milk (118 and 10.4) or milk replacer (94 and 7.7). Feeding cost (per kg of liveweight) was highest (PKR 535) in lambs fed milk replacer and was lower (P > 0.05) in the other three groups. The cost of rearing lambs on buffalo-milk tended to be lower (PKR 375) than those offered cow-milk. In the absence of ewe’s milk, rearing Kajli lambs on buffalo-milk during the pre-weaning period therefore seems to be a better alternative.

scholarly journals Effect of Adding a Different Level of Bentonite on Arabi Lamb Performance and Nutrients Digestibility

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-159
Author(s):  
Abass N. Khalaf ◽  
Hanaa A. Al-Galbi
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Digestion Rate ◽  
Basic Diet ◽  
Total Weight Gain ◽  
Live Body Weight ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Nutrients Digestibility

This study was conducted in one of the private fields in Maysan province to study the effect of adding a different level of bentonite to the lamb diets on the performance of lambs. The study included (18) male Arabi lambs weighted 24.5±1.22 kg and lasted 120 days. Lambs were taken after weaning at the age of 3 to 4 months. They were randomly divided into six groups. The diet was provided on the basis of 3% of live body weight. The diets of the trial included (A) a basic diet of 50% concentrated fodder + 50 alfalfa without any addition. (B) A plus 2% bentonite/ dry matter. (C) A plus 4% bentonite/ dry matter. Treatment (D) a diet of 100% concentrated feed + hay ad libitum (basic diet 2) and without any addition. (E) D plus 2% bentonite. (F) D plus 4% bentonite. The diet significantly affected the average final weight and total weight gain in favor of lambs fed treatment D (100% concentrated feed) with average final weight and total weight gain 46.57 and 22.11 kg, respectively. The addition of bentonite improved the rates of the rate of total weight gain is 17.71, 20.85 and 19.50 kg without adding and adding bentonite (2%) and bentonite (4%), respectively. The diet significantly affected the digestion rate of DM, OM, CP, EE, and NDF. Their digestion coefficients of 100% concentrate group were (75.98, 80.70, 80.09, 65.31 and 31.67%, respectively). 50% concentrated fodder (70.26, 71.53, 76.22, 45.47 and 27.36%, respectively).

Short-term Resistance Training Increases APPL1 Content in the Liver and the Insulin Sensitivity of Mice Fed a Long-term High-fat Diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 (01) ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
Luciele Guerra Minuzzi ◽  
Gabriel Keine Kuga ◽  
Leonardo Breda ◽  
Rafael Calais Gaspar ◽  
Vitor Rosetto Muñoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Adapter Protein ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Short Term

Abstract Background APPL1, an adapter protein, interact directly with adiponectin receptors mediating adiponectin signaling and acting as a critical regulator of the crosstalk between adiponectin and insulin signaling pathway. The inadequate level of physical activity, high-calorie intake, or both lead to adverse consequences on health, like insulin resistance. On the order hand, physical exercise acts positively in the insulin action. Purpose Here, we investigated the effects of short-term resistance training (RT) on APPL1 content and adiponectin pathway in the liver of mice fed a long-term high-fat diet. Methods Swiss mice were distributed into 3 groups: Mice that fed a chow diet (CTR); Mice fed a high-fat diet for 16 months (HFD); and mice fed a high-fat diet for 16 months and submitted to a climbing ladder exercise (RT) for 7 days (HFD-EXE). Results The results show that short-term RT increases the APPL1 content but wasn’t able to alter AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 content in the liver of HFD-EXE mice. However, this increase in the APPL1 content in response to RT was accompanied by improvement in the insulin sensitivity. Conclusion In summary, our data suggested that short-term RT improves glycemic homeostasis and increases APPL1 in the hepatic tissue of mice treated with long-term high-fat diet.

scholarly journals Psychological Distress and Weight Gain in Pregnancy: a Population-Based Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Florianne O. L. Vehmeijer ◽  
Sangeeta R. Balkaran ◽  
Susana Santos ◽  
Romy Gaillard ◽  
Janine F. Felix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Brief Symptom Inventory ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Excessive Weight Gain ◽  
Excessive Weight ◽  
Total Weight Gain ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background Psychological distress and inappropriate or excessive weight gain are common in pregnancy and are associated with adverse maternal and offspring outcomes. Psychological well-being and weight status of women during pregnancy might be interrelated. We aimed to examine whether psychological distress during pregnancy is associated with gestational weight gain. Method In a population-based cohort of 3393 pregnant women, information about psychological distress, depressive and anxiety symptoms was assessed at 20 weeks of gestation using the Brief Symptom Inventory questionnaire. Weight was repeatedly measured during pregnancy and obtained by questionnaire before and after pregnancy. Linear regression and multinomial logistic regression models were used. Weight gain in the second half of pregnancy, total weight gain, and the risks of inadequate and excessive total weight gain were the main outcome measures. Results In total, 7.0% of all women experienced psychological distress. Overall psychological distress and anxiety were associated with lower weight gain in the second half of pregnancy (differences − 1.00 kg (95% confidence interval (CI) − 1.62, − 0.37) and − 0.68 kg (95% CI - 1.24, -0.11), respectively). These associations fully attenuated into non-significance after taking account for socio-demographic variables. Similar results were observed for total weight gain. Only women with anxiety symptoms had, independently of potential confounders, a lower risk of excessive weight gain (odds ratio (OR) 0.61 (95% CI 0.48, 0.91)). Conclusions In this large prospective cohort study, the observed associations of psychological distress with weight gain during pregnancy seem to be largely explained by common socio-demographic factors.

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