scholarly journals Disseminated Histoplasmosis with Miliary Histoplasmosis, Neurohistoplasmosis, and Histoplasma capsulatum Bacteremia in Probable Neurosarcoidosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter V. Bui
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Immunosuppressive Agents ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Diagnostic Uncertainty ◽  
Disseminated Histoplasmosis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Introduction. Neurosarcoidosis, either isolated or as part of systemic sarcoidosis, is an uncommon entity and has diagnostic uncertainty. Treatment for neurosarcoidosis can increase the risk of infections, including fungal infections such as disseminated histoplasmosis. Neurosarcoidosis may further predispose patients to infections of the central nervous system. Case Presentation. A 54-year-old male with a history of probable neurosarcoidosis on methotrexate and infliximab presented with encephalopathy, hypoxia, and reported fevers. The patient was found to have disseminated histoplasmosis involving the lungs (miliary histoplasmosis), central nervous system (neurohistoplasmosis), and bloodstream. The Histoplasma capsulatum infection was treated with amphotericin and then voriconazole. Discussion. Patients with neurosarcoidosis are suspected to have blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Lumbar puncture should be considered as part of initial investigative studies for infection. Empiric antimicrobial therapy for a patient with neurosarcoidosis on immunosuppressive agents may need to include antifungal agents.

scholarly journals Histoplasmosis of the Central Nervous System: A Case Series between 1990 and 2019 in French Guiana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loïc Epelboin ◽  
Aïda Dione ◽  
Alexandra Serris ◽  
Denis Blanchet ◽  
Bastien Bidaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Cns Involvement ◽  
European Organization ◽  
Disseminated Histoplasmosis

Disseminated histoplasmosis is the most frequent acquired immunodeficiency syndrome–defining illness in French Guiana. Paradoxically, central nervous system (CNS) involvement has been scarcely described. We aimed to identify CNS histoplasmosis in our territory. We conducted an observational, multicentric, descriptive, and retrospective study including patients with proven or probable CNS histoplasmosis according to the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MGS). The study population consisted of patients admitted in one of the hospitals of French Guiana between January 1, 1990 and December 31, 2019. During the study period, 390 cases of HIV-associated histoplasmosis were recorded, in which six of them had CNS infections with Histoplasma capsulatum. The male to female sex ratio was 0.25, and the median age at diagnosis was 37.5 years. The median CD4 count was 42 cells/mm3 ([IQR: 29–60]). All patients had disseminated histoplasmosis. Usual signs of meningitis were observed in three patients and focal signs in four patients. One patient had no neurological signs. The median time between the first cerebral symptoms and diagnosis was 22.4 days (IQR 9.5–36.2). Two patients died within a month after diagnosis. In conclusion, few proven CNS localizations of histoplasmosis were observed on 30-year study in French Guiana. This low proportion suggests that the documentation of CNS involvement is often not ascertained for lack of awareness of this particular presentation, and for lack of rapid and sensitive diagnostic tools.

THE FAMILY HISTORY OF SPINA BIFIDA CYSTICA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-595
Author(s):  
John Lorber
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Spina Bifida ◽  
Index Case ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Spina Bifida Cystica

1. The family histories of 722 infants who were born with spina bifida cystica were studied. 2. The index cases were referred for surgical treatment and were not selected in any way from the genetic point of view. 3. Intensive inquiries were made to obtain a complete family pedigree, including a prospective follow-up of siblings born after the index case. 4. Of 1,256 siblings 85 or 6.8% had gross malformation of the central nervous system: spina bifida cystica in 54, anencephaly in 22, and uncomplicated hydrocephalus in 9. 5. Of 306 children born after the index case 25 (8%) or 1 in 12 were affected. 6. There was a progressive increase in multiple cases in the family with increasing family size. In sibships of five or more, multiple cases occurred in 24.1%. 7. In 118 families cases of gross malformation of the central nervous system were known to have occurred among members of the family other than siblings. Cases occurred in three generations. 8. It is possible that spina bifida cystica might be a recessively inherited condition.

scholarly journals The life history of Hepatozoon leptodactyli (Lesage, 1908) Pessoa, 1970: a parasite of the common laboratory animal: the frog of the genus Leptodactylus

1973 ◽  
Vol 71 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvio Celso Goncalves da Costa ◽  
Samuel B. Pessoa ◽  
Neize de Moura Pereira ◽  
Tania Colombo
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Life History ◽  
Laboratory Animal ◽  
Peripheral Circulation ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Laboratory

The main object of the present paper is to furnish a brief account to the knowledgement of Protozoa parasitic in common Brazilian frog of the genus Leptodactylus for general students in Zoology and for investigators that use this frog as a laboratory animal. Hepatozoon leptodactyli (Haemogregarina leptodactyli) was found in two species of frogs - Leptodactylus ocellatus and L. pentadactylus - in which develop schizogony whereas sporogony occurs in the leech Haementeria lutzi as was obtainded in experimental conditions. Intracellular forms have been found in peripheral circulation, chiefly in erythrocytes, but we have found them in leukocytes too. Tissue stages were found in frog, liver, lungs, spleen, gut, brain and heart. The occurence of hemogregarine in the Central Nervous System was recorded by Costa & al,(13) and Ball (2). Some cytochemical methods were employed in attempt to differentiate gametocytes from trophozoites in the peripheral blood and to characterize the cystic membrane as well. The speorogonic cycle was developed in only one specie of leech. A brief description of the parasite is given.

scholarly journals Fungal Infections of the Central Nervous System in Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. e123-e133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew W McCarthy ◽  
Darius Kalasauskas ◽  
Vidmantas Petraitis ◽  
Ruta Petraitiene ◽  
Thomas J Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Fungal Infections of the Central Nervous System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haroldo C. de Oliveira ◽  
Rafael F. Castelli ◽  
Diogo Kuczera ◽  
Taiane N. Souza ◽  
Caroline M. Marcos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Ecstasy-Associated Pneumomediastinum

2007 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana F Marasco ◽  
H Kiat Lim
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Pharmacological Effect ◽  
Valsalva Manoeuvre ◽  
The Hours ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Central Nervous System

INTRODUCTION Ecstasy, also known as MDMA (3,4, methylenedioxymethamphetamine), is a popular illicit party drug amongst young adults. The drug induces a state of euphoria secondary to its stimulant activity in the central nervous system. PATIENTS AND METHODS A database review at two major inner city hospitals was undertaken to identify patients presenting with pneumomediastinum and their charts reviewed. A Medline review of all reported cases of pneumomediastinum associated with ecstasy abuse was undertaken. RESULTS A total of 56 patients presenting with pneumomediastinum were identified over a 5-year period. Review of the charts revealed a history of ecstasy use in the hours prior to presentation in six of these patients, representing the largest series reported to date. CONCLUSIONS Review of previously reported cases reveals the likely mechanism is due to Valsalva manoeuvre during periods of extreme physical exertion, and not a direct pharmacological effect of the drug.

scholarly journals Central Nervous System Infection with Histoplasma capsulatum

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Riddell ◽  
L. Joseph Wheat
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Central Nervous System Infection ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Filamentous Form ◽  
Disseminated Infection ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Histoplasmosis is an endemic fungal infection that may affect both immune compromised and non-immune compromised individuals. It is now recognized that the geographic range of this organism is larger than previously understood, placing more people at risk. Infection with Histoplasma capsulatum may occur after inhalation of conidia that are aerosolized from the filamentous form of the organism in the environment. Clinical syndromes typically associated with histoplasmosis include acute or chronic pneumonia, chronic cavitary pulmonary infection, or mediastinal fibrosis or lymphadenitis. Disseminated infection can also occur, in which multiple organ systems are affected. In up to 10% of cases, infection of the central nervous system (CNS) with histoplasmosis may occur with or without disseminated infection. In this review, we discuss challenges related to the diagnosis of CNS histoplasmosis and appropriate treatment strategies that can lead to successful outcomes.

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