scholarly journals Synthesis of a New Copper-Based Supramolecular Catalyst and Its Catalytic Performance for Biodiesel Production

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Fei Chang ◽  
Chen Yan ◽  
Quan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
High Activity ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Mesoporous Structure ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Xanthium Sibiricum ◽  
Catalyst Dosage

A new copper-based supramolecular (β-cyclodextrins, β-CD) catalyst was synthesized and used for transesterification of Xanthium sibiricum Patr oil to biodiesel. This catalyst exhibited high activity (88.63% FAME yield) in transesterification under the ratio of methanol-oil: 40 : 1; catalyst dosage: 8 wt.%; reaction temperature: 120°C; and reaction time: 9 h. The XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, and BET characterization results showed that Cu-β-CD catalyst was amorphous and had clear mesoporous structure (17.2 nm) as compared with the native β-CD. This phenomenon is attributed to the coordination of Cu and β-CD.

Research of Synthesizing Biodiesel from Suaeda Salsa by Ultrasonic-Assisted Transesterification

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 3925-3931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Li Yang ◽  
Feng Zhu ◽  
Jie Sun ◽  
Song Qin
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Suaeda Salsa ◽  
Ultrasonic Frequency ◽  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Catalyst Dosage

Suaeda salsa oil was taken as raw materials to produce biodiesel by ultrasonic-Assisted transesterification. Single factor experiment and the orthogonal experiment combination design were adopted to study the effects of ultrasonic frequency, ultrasonic power，reaction temperature ，reaction time，catalyst dosage and mole ratio of methanol to oil on biodiesel production rate. The order of factors that influence the biodiesel production rate within the experimental range was as follows: catalyst dosage＞reaction time＞reaction temperature＞mole ratio of methanol to oil. The optimal technological parameters should be as follows: ultrasonic frequency 28kHz, ultrasonic power 210W, reaction temperature 65 , reaction time 10min,catalyst dosage 0.3%and mole ratio of methanol to oil 6, and biodiesel production rate is 97.93% under such conditions.

Preparation, Characterization and Catalytic Application for the Synthesis of Tetrahydrofuran

2013 ◽  
Vol 838-841 ◽  
pp. 2322-2325
Author(s):  
Yan Hong Lei ◽  
Xiao Hua Cao
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Catalytic Application ◽  
Catalyst Dosage ◽  
Excellent Catalytic Performance

1,4-butanediol condensation can be performed with Cs-W - HPA. Cs2H4P2W18O62showed excellent catalytic performance for preparation of THF. In the optimal conditions, the reaction temperature was 180 °C, the reaction time was 43 min, catalyst dosage was 0.4 g, THF yield could reach 89.4%. And reused five times, the yield could reach 83.2%. HPA had the very good application prospect.

Optimisation of Alkaline Ethanolysis of Biodiesel Yield from Nigerian Coconut Oil using One Variable at a Time (OVAT) Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-169
Author(s):  
O.D. Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Cloud Point ◽  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Catalyst Dosage

In this study, coconut (Cocos nucifera) oil has been identified as a feedstock for biodiesel production. The determination ofoptimal feedstocks ratio (of ethanol/coconut oil, v/v. % ratio) was studied. The reaction was executed at different ethanol/coconut oil ratios: 10%, 15% 20%, 25% and 30% while the reaction time (60 min), reaction temperature (700C) and 1.0%NaOH catalyst dosage were kept constant. The result indicated that maximum biodiesel yield (96.09%) was obtained at 20%of ethanol/coconut oil vol./vol.% ratio within transesterification reactions that were kept constant. The fuel characterizationsuch as viscosity (4.32mm2/s), specific gravity (0.887), pour point (-180C), cloud point (-120C) and flash point (1600C) of theproduced biodiesel at the optimized conditioned showed that the suitability of coconut ethyl ester (biodiesel) were within theinternational biodiesel standard.

scholarly journals Process optimization for biodiesel production from neutralized waste cooking oil and the effect of this biodiesel on engine performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanzer Eryilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Cooking Oils

In this study, the methyl ester production process from neutralized waste cooking oils is optimized by using alkali-catalyzed (KOH) single-phase reaction. The optimization process is performed depending on the parameters, such as catalyst concentration, methanol/oil ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time. The optimum methyl ester conversion efficiency was 90.1% at the optimum conditions of 0.7 wt% of potassium hydroxide, 25 wt% methanol/oil ratio, 90 min reaction time and 60°C reaction temperature. After the fuel characteristics of the methyl ester obtained under optimum conditions were determined, the effect on engine performance, CO and NOx emissions of methyl ester was investigated in a diesel engine with a single cylinder and direct injection. When compared to diesel fuel, engine power and torque decreased when using methyl ester, and specific fuel consumption increased. NOx emission increases at a rate of 18.4% on average through use of methyl ester.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Cu-Mn-Ce@γ-Al2O3 to Catalyze Ozonation in Coal Chemical Wastewater-Biotreated Effluent

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1439
Author(s):  
Yue Teng ◽  
Ke Yao ◽  
Wenbin Song ◽  
Yongjun Sun ◽  
Haoliang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Catalytic Ozonation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Incipient Wetness Impregnation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Calcination Time ◽  
Catalyst Dosage

Cu-Mn-Ce@γ-Al2O3 was prepared by incipient wetness impregnation and used to catalyze ozonation in a coal chemical wastewater-biotreated effluent. The preparation factors that considerably affected the catalytic performance of Cu-Mn-Ce@γ-Al2O3, specifically metal oxide loading percentage, calcination temperature, and calcination time, were examined. The catalyst was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis. The optimal catalytic ozonation operating parameters, such as ozone dosage, catalyst dosage, pH, and reaction time, were also investigated. Results showed that an optimized catalyst consisted of 17.0% CuO, 3.0% MnO2, and 2.0% CeO2 (wt.%). The optimal calcination temperature and calcination time were 600 °C and 5 h. The optimal catalytic ozonation operating parameters, including ozone dosage, catalyst dosage, pH, and reaction time, were 7, 80.0 mg/L, 20.0 mg/L, 7 and 50 min, respectively. The COD removal of biotreated effluent increased to 61% under these optimal operating conditions. Meanwhile, ozonation alone resulted in only 20% removal. This work proposes the use of easily available Cu-Mn-Ce@γ-Al2O3 catalyst and might drive the advancement of catalytic ozonation for chemical wastewater purification.

Catalytic Application of H4SiW12O40/SiO2 in Synthesis of Acetals and Ketals

2011 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 2374-2379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shui Jin Yang ◽  
Yong Kui Huang ◽  
Li Yu
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
High Activity ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Reaction Parameters ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Catalytic Application ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Gel Technique ◽  
Catalyst Dosage ◽  
Novel Catalyst

A novel catalyst, H4SiW12O40/SiO2was synthesized by a sol-gel technique, and characterized by FT-IR and XRD. Catalytic application of H4SiW12O40/SiO2for synthesis of acetals and ketals were tested. The variation of different reaction parameters, such as mole ratio of aldehyde/ketone to alcohols, catalyst dosage and reaction time on the yield of acetals and ketals were also studied. The results reveal that the H4SiW12O40/SiO2catalysis generally results in good yields of acetals and ketals under mild reaction conditions and the high activity and stability of the catalyst is well retained on recycling.

Characterization and Application Process Optimization of CuO/γ-Al2O3 Catalyst in CWAO Technology

2014 ◽  
Vol 1008-1009 ◽  
pp. 338-341
Author(s):  
Yu Xiu Zhang ◽  
Cheng Zhi Wang ◽  
Yong Li Zhang ◽  
Zhang Wei Li
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Oxygen Partial Pressure ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Carrier Distribution ◽  
Influent Water ◽  
Catalyst Dosage ◽  
Stirring Intensity

CuO/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was used to deal with the waste leachate in CWAO technology of, and the SEM and TEM characterization showed: active component in the surface of the carrier distribution is uniform; In CWAO process, six factors, based on the CODCr removal rate and turbidity removal rate, the biggest impact factor is reaction temperature, and the influence factors of the top three were reaction temperature, catalyst dosage and reaction time. The influence factors of those in the bottom three are influent water pH, oxygen partial pressure, stirring intensity, and three factors of influence on the strength is close. Optimizing operation process, in order: reaction temperature of 200 °C, catalyst dosage of 1.5 g, oxygen partial pressure of 2.0 MPa, stirring intensity 800 rpm, influent water pH of 7.0, the reaction time of 70 min.

Catalytic Synthesis of Ethyl Acetate Using Ti2SnC

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 628-631
Author(s):  
Yun Hui Long ◽  
Jun Ming Guo ◽  
Du Shu Huang ◽  
Gui Yang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Catalytic Synthesis ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
The Ideal

The catalytic synthesis of ethyl acetate from ethanol and acetic acid using Ti2SnC in liquid phase under the atmospheric pressure was studied. The influences of some factors such as catalyst usage, initial reactant molar ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time on acetic acid conversion rate of this reaction system were investigated. The acetic acid conversion rate of 88.12% is achieved while the molar ratio of alcohol and acid is 1:3.6, the amount of catalyst is 0.2000 g, the reaction temperature is 80 °C and the reaction time is 30min. The catalyst Ti2SnC is the ideal catalyst for synthesis of ethyl acetate for good catalytic performance, non-corrosive to equipment, easily separated from product and used repeatedly.

Hybrid Approach for Optimizing Process Parameters in Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 834 ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Pongchanun Luangpaiboon ◽  
Pasura Aungkulanon
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Influential Parameters

Biodiesel was synthesized from direct transesterification of palm oil reacted with methanol in the presence of a suitable catalyst. There is a sequence of three consecutive reversible reactions for the transesterification process. These process parameters were optimized via the hybrid optimization approach of a conventional response surface method and artificial intelligence mechanisms from Sine Cosine and Thermal Exchange Optimization metaheuristics. The influential parameters and their combined interaction effects on the transesterification efficiency were established through a factorial designed experiments. In this study, the influential parameters being optimized to obtain the maximum yield of biodiesel were reaction temperature of 60–150°C, reaction time of 1–6 hours, methanol to oil molar ratio of 6:1–12:1 mol/mol and weight of catalyst of 1–10wt. %. On the first phase, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed the reaction time as the most influential parameter on biodiesel production. Based on the experimental results from the hybrid algorithm via the SCO, it was concluded that the optimal biodiesel yield for the transesterification of palm oil were found to be 100°C for reaction temperature, 4 hours for reaction time, 10:1 wt/wt of ratio methanol to oil and 8% of weight of catalyst with 92.15% and 90.97% of biodiesel yield for expected and experimental values, respectively.

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