scholarly journals Insecticide Resistance and Its Intensity in Populations of Malaria Vectors in Colombia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena I. Orjuela ◽  
Juliana A. Morales ◽  
Martha L. Ahumada ◽  
Juan F. Rios ◽  
John J. González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Anopheles Darlingi ◽  
Frequent Monitoring ◽  
Endemic Malaria ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
And Control

Insecticide resistance in malaria vectors threatens malaria prevention and control efforts. In Colombia the three primary vectors, Anopheles darlingi, An. nuneztovari s.l., and An. albimanus, have reported insecticide resistance to pyrethroids, organophosphates, carbamates, and DDT; however, the insecticide resistance monitoring is not continuous, and the data on the prevalence of resistance is scarce and geographically limited. We describe the resistance levels and intensity of previously detected resistant populations among primary malaria vectors from the most endemic malaria areas in Colombia. The study was carried out in 10 localities of five states in Colombia. Bioassays were carried out following the methodology of CDC Bottle Bioassay using the discriminating concentration and in order to quantify the intensity the specimens were exposed to 2, 5, and 10X discriminating concentrations. Five insecticides were tested: deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, alpha-cypermethrin, permethrin, and DDT. The results provide evidence of low resistance intensity and resistance highly localized to pyrethroids and DDT in key malaria vectors in Colombia. This may not pose a threat to malaria control yet but frequent monitoring is needed to follow the evolution of insecticide resistance.

scholarly journals Community participation and malaria prevention programs

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
Norlington Mashayamombe ◽  
Costa Hofisi
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Save The Children ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Malaria prevention and control programs in Zimbabwe have been hampered by low levels of cooperation by local communities. The study sought to assess the impact of community participation on cooperation in malaria prevention and control programs in Binga, Gokwe and Kariba districts in Zimbabwe. This study is aimed at synthesizing, comparing and contrasting data from these three districts which are, arguably, the most prone to malaria in the country. An intensive and extensive review of related literature was done on the impact of community participation on cooperation in malaria prevention and control. The literature reviewed was focusing on three districts in the country, namely, Binga, Gokwe and Kariba. Typologies of participation were used for the measurement of levels of participation, while analysis was descriptive. Findings revealed that the levels of participation in malaria prevention and control programs in Binga and Gokwe were low, but high in Kariba. The findings from Kariba showed that where the level of community participation was high, cooperation in malaria prevention programs by communities was also high. This study demonstrates the importance of community participation for the success of the malaria prevention and control programs. Although community participation was also very low in Binga and Gokwe malaria prevention and control programs, in Kariba, the program by Save the Children Fund (UK) showed high levels of participation which might have contributed to the high levels of cooperation by community members. Another important issue to emerge from the study is the effectiveness of environmental management methods of vector control, because they are community-based, hence, the success of the Save the Children Fund (UK) program in Binga and Kariba districts. The study revealed that community participation at higher levels on the participation typologies contributes in a significant way to cooperative behavior by community members in malaria prevention and control programs. This is significant, since it improves the effectiveness of malaria control programs. Recommendations made include increased community participation in malaria prevention and control programs to enhance cooperation and educational programs on causes, prevention and treatment of malaria. Keywords: community participation, malaria prevention, malaria control, cooperation. JEL Classification: I12, I18, I14

scholarly journals Reproductive-Age Women’s Knowledge and Care Seeking for Malaria Prevention and Control in Ghana: Analysis of the 2016 Malaria Indicator Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Martin Amogre Ayanore ◽  
John Tetteh ◽  
Asiwome Ameko ◽  
Wisdom Kudzo Axame ◽  
Robert Kaba Alhassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Insecticide Treated Nets ◽  
Malaria Indicator Survey ◽  
And Control ◽  
Women's Knowledge ◽  
Women’S Knowledge

Introduction. Malaria is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, requiring individual and environmental level controls to prevent its adverse morbidity effects. This study examined reproductive-aged women’s knowledge and care-seeking practices for malaria prevention and control in Ghana. Methods. The 2016 Ghana Malaria Indicator Survey data for reproductive-age women was analysed (n=5,150). Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model was used to determine factors associated with reproductive-aged women’s knowledge and care-seeking practices for malaria. Results. 62.3%, 81.3%, and 64.6% knowledge levels on causes, signs/symptoms, and prevention of malaria were found, respectively, among respondents. Age, wealth and educational status, religion, region, and place of residence (rural) were found to significantly influence respondents’ knowledge of causes, signs/symptoms, and care-seeking practices for malaria. A 15% differential among Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) awareness and use was found. Increasing age (≥35 years) was associated with increasing knowledge of malaria. Regional variations were observed to significantly influence knowledge of malaria treatment. Conclusion. Though ownership of ITNs and knowledge of malaria prevention were high, it did not necessarily translate into use of ITNs. Thus, there is a need to intensify education on the importance and the role of ITNs use in the prevention of malaria.

scholarly journals Environmental health risks and benefits of the use of mosquito coils as malaria prevention and control strategy

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan N. Hogarh ◽  
Thomas P. Agyekum ◽  
Crentsil Kofi Bempah ◽  
Emmanuel D. J. Owusu-Ansah ◽  
Silas W. Avicor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Environmental Health Risks ◽  
And Control ◽  
Health Risks And Benefits

Insecticide susceptibility status in individual species of the Anopheles gambiae complex (Diptera: Culicidae) in an area of The Gambia where pyrethroid impregnated bednets are used extensively for malaria control

1995 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hemingway ◽  
S.W. Lindsay ◽  
G.J. Small ◽  
M. Jawara ◽  
F.H. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Sentinel Site ◽  
Malaria Control Programme ◽  
Biochemical Assays

AbstractPyrethroid-impregnated bednets are being used nationwide in The Gambia. The future success of this malaria control programme depends partly on the vectors remaining susceptible to those insecticides used for treating the nets. The present study was carried out on the south bank of the river Gambia, during the first large scale trial of nets in this country. Thus this area represents a sentinel site for detecting insecticide resistance in local vectors. This study gives an example of how a system of early detection for resistance problems can be set up in a relatively complex situation where multiple vectors and non-vectors are present. Samples of the Anopheles gambiae complex were caught indoors using light traps in twelve villages used in the bednet study. In all villages A. gambiae sensu stricto Giles was the predominant member of the complex as determined using the rDNA-PCR diagnostic assay. Limited bioassays with DDT and permethrin, and biochemical assays for a range of insecticide resistance mechanisms suggest that the A. gambiae complex remains completely susceptible to all major classes of commonly used insecticides including pyrethroids. Biochemical assays suggest that a low frequency of DDT resistance may occur in A. melas Theobald. This is based on elevated glutathione S-transferase levels coupled with increased levels of DDT metabolism and does not involve cross-resistance to pyrethroids. Therefore we do not envisage a decline in the efficacy of treated nets against malaria vectors in the study area in the immediate future, although monitoring should be continued whilst wide-scale use of impregnated bednets is operational.

scholarly journals Cuticular hydrocarbons are associated with mating success and insecticide resistance in malaria vectors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey L Adams ◽  
Simon P Sawadogo ◽  
Charles Nignan ◽  
Abdoulaye Niang ◽  
Douglas G Paton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Cuticular Hydrocarbons ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Mating Success ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Anopheles Coluzzii ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Male To Female

Anopheles coluzzii females, important malaria vectors in Africa, mate only once in their lifetime. Mating occurs in aerial swarms with a high male-to-female ratio, where the traits underling male mating success are largely unknown. Here, we investigated whether cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) influence mating success in natural mating swarms in Burkina Faso. As insecticides are widely used in this area for malaria control, we also determined whether CHCs affect insecticide resistance levels. We find that mated males have higher CHC abundance than unmated controls, suggesting CHCs could be a determinant of mating success. Additionally, mated males have higher insecticide resistance under pyrethroid challenge, and we show a link between resistance intensity and CHC abundance. Taken together, our results reveal overlapping roles played by CHCs in mate choice and insecticide resistance, and point to sexual selection for insecticide resistance traits that limit the efficacy of our best malaria control tools.

scholarly journals Is this Evidence of Success in Malaria Prevention and Control Measures?

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 001-010
Author(s):  
Omotayo O. Ebong ◽  
◽  
Ijeoma H. Ogbuehi ◽  
Chijioke A. Nwauche ◽  
Ruth E. Umoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Trends in malaria cases and stratification of malaria incidence in the malaria elimination setting, Harari Region, Eastern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endashaw Esayas ◽  
Asefa Tufa ◽  
Fekadu Massebo ◽  
Abdulhamid Ahemed ◽  
Ibssa Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Elimination ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Malaria Risk ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
And Control

Abstract Abstract Background: Ethiopia has shown a notable progress in reducing the burden of malaria over the last two decades. Based on the progress, the country shifted from control to elimination of malaria. This study was conducted to analyse trends in malaria cases and stratification of malaria incidence in the malaria elimination setting in eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A retrospective malaria data recorded from 2013 to 2019 were reviewed from Harari Region, eastern Ethiopia. In addition, three years malaria data were used to assess the sub-district ( kebele ) level stratification of malaria incidence. Results: A total of 44,882 (46.9%) malaria cases were detected from 95,629 malaria-suspected outpatient diagnosed in Harari Region from 2013 to 2019. Of these, 41,046 were confirmed malaria cases (microscopically and rapid diagnostic test) while 3,836 were reported as clinical cases. In the region, malaria trend was fluctuating year to year, the high peak was reported in 2016 but malaria cases showed decreasing trend in number of malaria cases from 2017 to 2019. Plasmodium falciparum , P. vivax and mixed infections were accounted for 69.2%, 30.6% and 0.2% of the cases, respectively. The malaria risk appears to be heterogeneous and varies between districts, higher number of malaria cases were recorded in Jenella, Erer and Amir Nur districts, and about 80% of the cases were from these districts. According to the latest (2019) sub-district ( kebele ) level epidemiological data of malaria stratification, 8.3% of the sub-districts in the Harari region reported no malaria and a majority (61.1%) of sub-districts reported fewer than five cases per thousand population. Furthermore, there were no high malaria strata in the Region. The highest peak of malaria cases in the Region was reported from September to November followed by from April to May. Conclusions: In the Harari Region, the retrospective malaria data showed a significant declining trend. Thus, if this achievement is sustained and scaling-up of the existing malaria prevention and control strategies by focusing on those populations living in the higher malaria transmission districts and sub-districts, planning of malaria elimination from the study area might be feasible. Key words: Elimination, Harari region, Ethiopia, Incidence, Malaria, Sub-district, Stratification

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