scholarly journals Estimating the Relative Speed of RF Jammers in VANETs

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Kosmanos ◽  
Antonios Argyriou ◽  
Leandros Maglaras
Keyword(s):  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Denial Of Service ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Estimation Algorithm ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Relative Speed ◽  
Jamming Attacks ◽  
Moving Vehicle

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) aim at enhancing road safety and providing a comfortable driving environment by delivering early warning and infotainment messages to the drivers. Jamming attacks, however, pose a significant threat to their performance. In this paper, we propose a novel Relative Speed Estimation Algorithm (RSEA) of a moving vehicle that approaches a transmitter (Tx)-receiver (Rx) pair that interferes with their radio frequency (RF) communication by conducting a denial of service (DoS) attack. Our scheme is completely passive and uses a pilot-based received signal without hardware or computational cost to, firstly, estimate the combined channel between the transmitter-receiver and jammer-receiver and, secondly, to estimate the jamming signal and the relative speed between the jammer-receiver using the RF Doppler shift. Moreover, the relative speed metric exploits the angle of projection (AOP) of the speed vector of the jammer in the axis of its motion in order to form a two-dimensional representation of the geographical area. Our approach can effectively be applied for any form of the jamming signal and is proven to have quite accurate performance, with a mean absolute error (MAE) value of approximately 10% compared to the optimal zero MAE value under different jamming attack scenarios.

scholarly journals RF Jamming Classification Using Relative Speed Estimation in Vehicular Wireless Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Kosmanos ◽  
Dimitrios Karagiannis ◽  
Antonios Argyriou ◽  
Spyros Lalis ◽  
Leandros Maglaras
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Denial Of Service ◽  
Secure Communications ◽  
Relative Speed ◽  
Jamming Attacks ◽  
K Nearest Neighbors ◽  
Detection Scheme ◽  
Hoc Networks

Wireless communications are vulnerable against radio frequency (RF) interference which might be caused either intentionally or unintentionally. A particular subset of wireless networks, Vehicular Ad-hoc NETworks (VANET), which incorporate a series of safety-critical applications, may be a potential target of RF jamming with detrimental safety effects. To ensure secure communications between entities and in order to make the network robust against this type of attacks, an accurate detection scheme must be adopted. In this paper, we introduce a detection scheme that is based on supervised learning. The k-nearest neighbors (KNN) and random forest (RaFo) methods are used, including features, among which one is the metric of the variations of relative speed (VRS) between the jammer and the receiver. VRS is estimated from the combined value of the useful and the jamming signal at the receiver. The KNN-VRS and RaFo-VRS classification algorithms are able to detect various cases of denial-of-service (DoS) RF jamming attacks and differentiate those attacks from cases of interference with very high accuracy.

Geocast Routing Protocols for Ad-Hoc Networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-45
Author(s):  
Indrani Das ◽  
Sanjoy Das
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Destination Node ◽  
Specific Geographical Area ◽  
Fast Network ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Future Direction

Geocasting is a subset of conventional multicasting problem. Geocasting means to deliver a message or data to a specific geographical area. Routing refers to the activities necessary to route a message in its travel from source to the destination node. The routing of a message is very important and relatively difficult problems in the context of Ad-hoc Networks because nodes are moving very fast, network load or traffic patterns, and topology of the network is dynamical changes with time. In this chapter, different geocast routing mechanisms used in both Mobile Ad-hoc Networks and Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks. The authors have shown a strong and in-depth analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of each protocol. For delivering geocast message, both the source and destination nodes use location information. The nodes determine their locations by using the Global Positioning System (GPS). They have presented a comprehensive comparative analysis of existing geocast routing protocols and proposed future direction in designing a new routing protocol addressing the problem.

scholarly journals An efficient cooperative message authentication based on reputation mechanism in vehicular ad hoc networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 155014771985491
Author(s):  
Yong Xie ◽  
Songsong Zhang ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Yanggui Li
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Message Authentication ◽  
Selfish Behavior ◽  
Reputation Mechanism ◽  
Single Vehicle ◽  
Detection Ratio ◽  
Hoc Networks

Vehicular ad hoc networks have emerged as a promising approach to increasing road safety and efficiency. Vehicles periodically broadcast traffic-related status messages. Message authentication is a common way for ensuring information reliability, but it is an unaffordable computational cost for single vehicle. In this article, we propose an efficient cooperative message authentication based on reputation mechanism. In the proposed scheme, reputation model is used to assess authentication efforts of vehicles, which enhances initiative for cooperative message authentication and inhabits selfish behavior; sequence optimization algorithm solves messages overflowing on condition limited computation of onboard unit and improves the speed of message authentication at the premise of ensuring the reliability of message authentication. Simulation results show that our scheme presents a nice performance of authentication efficiency, packet loss ratio, and missing detection ratio.

scholarly journals A More Efficient Conditional Private Preservation Scheme in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2546
Author(s):  
Tao Wang ◽  
Xiaohu Tang
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Privacy Preservation ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Communication Overhead ◽  
Storage Space ◽  
Anonymous Authentication ◽  
Vehicle Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Hoc Networks

It is a challenging issue to provide a secure and conditional anonymous authentication scheme in vehicle ad hoc networks (VANETs) with low storage space and computational cost. In 2008, Lu et al. proposed a conditional privacy preservation scheme called efficiency conditional privacy preservation (ECPP) protocol. The ECPP protocol provides conditional privacy preservation to vehicles in VANETs. That is, on one hand vehicles can achieve anonymous authentication in the network, on the other hand, allow to be traced and revoked if necessary. However, ECPP scheme suffers from high computational cost and large storage. In this scheme, an improved protocol based on the concept of ECPP protocol has been proposed to achieve more efficiency conditional privacy preservation (MECPP) scheme in VANETs. Comparing with ECCP, the computational cost of the proposed scheme has been decreased by about 54 % while the communication overhead has been reduced by about 10 % . At the same time, a lot of storage space has been saved.

Design and Development of Secured Framework for Efficient Routing in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network

2021 ◽  
pp. 615-633
Author(s):  
Mamata Rath ◽  
Bibudhendu Pati ◽  
Binod Kumar Pattanayak
Keyword(s):  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Denial Of Service ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Denial Of Service Attack ◽  
Service Attack ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Smart Traffic

Due to many challenging issues in vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs), such as high mobility and network instability, this has led to insecurity and vulnerability to attacks. Due to dynamic network topology changes and frequent network re-configuration, security is a major target in VANET research domains. VANETs have gained significant attention in the current wireless network scenario, due to their exclusive characteristics which are different from other wireless networks such as rapid link failure and high vehicle mobility. In this are, the authors present a Secured and Safety Protocol for VANET (STVAN), as an intelligent Ad-Hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV)-based routing mechanism that prevents the Denial of Service attack (DoS) and improves the quality of service for secured communications in a VANET. In order to build a STVAN, the authors have considered a smart traffic environment in a smart city and introduced the concept of load balancing over VANET vehicles in a best effort manner. Simulation results reveal that the proposed STVAN accomplishes enhanced performance when compared with other similar protocols in terms of reduced delay, better packet delivery ratio, reasonable energy efficiency, increased network throughput and decreased data drop compared to other similar approach.

Experimental Analysis of Quadrilateral Positioning Algorithm for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 178-181 ◽  
pp. 2765-2769
Author(s):  
Jiang Feng Wang ◽  
Xue Dong Yan ◽  
Shuo Nie ◽  
Xiao Meng Li
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Test Field ◽  
Positioning Accuracy ◽  
Moving Vehicle ◽  
Wireless Positioning ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Positioning Algorithm ◽  
Geometric Relationship

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) form when vehicles are equipped with devices capable of short-range wireless communication. Accurate wireless positioning of VANETs is a challenging task, which requires a robust wireless positioning algorithm. In this study, a quadrilateral positioning algorithm is proposed to estimate the moving vehicle node’s position in VANETs based on the wireless signal’s “distance-loss” model and geometric relationship. Furthermore, a wireless positioning experimental platform was created to test the positioning algorithm applications in field. The experimental results show that when the moving node is inside the fixed nodes, the positioning accuracy is much higher than the case that the moving node is outside the fixed nodes; when the moving node is located in the middle of the experimental field, the positioning accuracy is higher than located at the corner areas in the test field.

scholarly journals A Multivariant Stream Analysis Approach to Detect and Mitigate DDoS Attacks in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raenu Kolandaisamy ◽  
Rafidah Md Noor ◽  
Ismail Ahmedy ◽  
Iftikhar Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Reza Z’aba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Denial Of Service ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Ddos Attacks ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
The Impact

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are rapidly gaining attention due to the diversity of services that they can potentially offer. However, VANET communication is vulnerable to numerous security threats such as Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. Dealing with these attacks in VANET is a challenging problem. Most of the existing DDoS detection techniques suffer from poor accuracy and high computational overhead. To cope with these problems, we present a novel Multivariant Stream Analysis (MVSA) approach. The proposed MVSA approach maintains the multiple stages for detection DDoS attack in network. The Multivariant Stream Analysis gives unique result based on the Vehicle-to-Vehicle communication through Road Side Unit. The approach observes the traffic in different situations and time frames and maintains different rules for various traffic classes in various time windows. The performance of the MVSA is evaluated using an NS2 simulator. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the MVSA regarding detection accuracy and reducing the impact on VANET communication.

scholarly journals Structured P2P Overlay of Mobile Brokers for Realizing Publish/Subscribe Communication in VANET

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tulika Pandey ◽  
Deepak Garg ◽  
Manoj Madhava Gore
Keyword(s):  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Moving Vehicle ◽  
Dynamically Reconfigurable ◽  
Communication Paradigm ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
P2p Overlay

Publish/subscribe communication paradigm provides asynchrony and decoupling, making it an elegant alternative for designing applications in distributed and dynamic environment such as vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). In this paradigm, the broker is the most important component that decouples other two components, namely, publisher and subscriber. Previous research efforts have either utilized the deployment of distributed brokers on stationary road side info-stations or have assigned the role of broker to any moving vehicle on ad hoc basis. In one approach, lots of preinstalled infrastructures are needed whereas, in another, the quality of service is not guaranteed due to unpredictable moving and stopping patterns of vehicles. In this paper, we present the architecture of distributed mobile brokers which are dynamically reconfigurable in the form of structured P2P overlay and act as rendezvous points for matching publications and subscriptions. We have taken city buses in urban settings to act as mobile brokers whereas other vehicles are considered to be in role of publishers and subscribers. These mobile brokers also assist in locating a vehicle for successful and timely transfer of notifications. We have performed an extensive simulation study to compare our approach with previously proposed approaches. Simulation results establish the applicability of our approach.

scholarly journals SECURITY STUDY OF ROUTING ATTACKS IN VEHICULAR AD-HOC NETWORKS (AUTONOMOUS CAR)

2021 ◽  
Vol XLVI-4/W5-2021 ◽  
pp. 349-353
Author(s):  
S. Lahdya ◽  
T. Mazri
Keyword(s):  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Denial Of Service ◽  
The Road ◽  
Denial Of Service Attack ◽  
Autonomous Cars ◽  
Service Attack ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. For the past twenty years, the automotive industry and research organizations have been aiming to put fully autonomous cars on the road. These cars which can be driven without the intervention of a driver, use several sensors and artificial intelligence technologies simultaneously, which allow them to detect the environment in order to merge the information obtained to analyze it, decide on an action, and to implement it. Thus, we are at the dawn of a revolution in the world of transport and mobility, which leads us to ensure the movement of the autonomous car in a safe manner. In this paper, we examine certain attacks on autonomous cars such as the denial of service attack, as well as the impact of these attacks on the last two levels of vehicle autonomy.

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