scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Interleukin 6, Inflammatory Markers, Ferritin, and Hematological Profile in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients with Anemia of Chronic Disease and Iron Deficiency Anemia

Anemia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Tariq Ali ◽  
Azza Sajed Jabbar ◽  
Ali Nazar Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Ferritin Level ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Anemia Of Chronic Disease

Background. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) proinflammatory cytokine is associated with the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and development of anemia in it. This is a comparative study of inflammatory and hematological parameters in RA patients with anemia of chronic disease (ACD) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA). It aimed to demonstrate the changes in serum level of IL-6, ferritin level, and hematological parameters in different groups of patients with RA and to find out the potential correlation between serum level of IL-6 and ferritin level and the relationship between serum level of IL-6 and iron status. Methods. The study included 89 patients from both sexes divided into four groups (group 1: 30 iron deficiency anemia (IDA), 59 RA; group 2: 20 RA-COMBI; group 3: 23 RA-ACD; and group 4: 16 nonanemic RA). These different groups were compared with a healthy group of 50 healthy individuals. Different blood parameters (WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, and MCH) have been evaluated. Serum concentrations of IL-6, hsCRP, anti-CCP, and ferritin were measured in all patients and healthy individual using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELISA. Results. There were significant changes in most of blood parameters between the groups, and there was a significant increase in the levels of IL-6 among RA patients. This increase was highly significant among RA-ACD patients in particular, and this elevation has been directly correlated with clinical indices of disease activity such as hsCRP, ESR, anti-CCP, and ferritin. There was an inverse relationship between ferritin and all iron status parameter, such as RBC, HGB, and haematocrit. Conclusion. IL-6 and ferritin level estimation may be workable tests to differentiate the patients with IDA and ACD in RA.

scholarly journals The effect of early weaning on iron status among exclusively breastfed infants

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 591-598
Author(s):  
Kayfi Aziz ◽  
Dlair Chalabi
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Breastfed Infants

Background and objective: Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for all newborns to gain optimal physical and neurodevelopmental growth. Despite all its advantages, prolonged breastfeeding alone without weaning places the child at risk of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia, which is the commonest micronutrient deficiency worldwide among infants. We investigated the effect of early weaning on the iron status of infants. Methods: We selected 100 infants; all of them were six months old. Fifty of them were exclusively breastfed for four months and started weaning between four to six months while continued to breastfeed till the age of six months (early-weaning group). Another 50 infants were exclusively breastfed for six months without starting weaning (no-weaning group). Then we investigated both groups at the age of six months for both iron and hematological studies. Results: In the present study, both study groups shared some similarities. In both groups, females accounted for more than half of the cases, the majority of the infants were residing in the urban areas, and most of the infants were delivered by cesarean section. The final result of the iron study and hematological parameters in the no-weaning group was significantly lower as compared to the early-weaning group. Both serum ferritin and serum iron were 7.42 ng/ml and 25.66 µg/dl, respectively, in the no-weaning group and were 23.94 ng/ml and 46.98 µg/dl respectively in the early-weaning group. Hemoglobin level was 10.84 gm/dl in the no-weaning group compared to 11.54 gm/dl in the early-weaning group. Conclusion: We concluded that early weaning had a great role in the prevention of both iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in exclusively breastfed infants. Keywords: Exclusive breastfeeding; Early weaning; Iron status.

Iron-deficiency anemia is associated with high concentrations of transferrin receptor in serum

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 774-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Punnonen ◽  
K Irjala ◽  
A Rajamäki
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Bone Marrow Examination ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anemia Of Chronic Disease ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract We evaluated the use of transferrin receptor (TfR) in serum as an index of iron deficiency in 19 patients diagnosed as having iron-deficiency anemia, in 17 patients with anemia of chronic disease, and in a control group of 19 nonanemic patients who underwent elective ocular or nasopharyngeal surgery. The assessment of iron status of the anemic patients was based on the presence of stainable iron on bone marrow examination. In the patients with iron-deficiency anemia, the serum TfR concentration was 5.3 +/- 1.8 mg/L (mean +/- SD), significantly higher than in the control group (1.7 +/- 0.5 mg/L) or in the patients with anemia of chronic disease (1.6 +/- 0.4 mg/L). This study suggests that serum TfR measurement is a reliable index of iron depletion and potentially of importance in the diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia.

Soluble transferrin receptor and transferrin receptor-ferritin index in iron deficiency anemia and anemia in rheumatoid arthritis

2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Margetic ◽  
Elizabeta Topic ◽  
Dragica Ferenec Ruzic ◽  
Marina Kvaternik
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Soluble Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Anemia Of Chronic Disease ◽  
Study Results

AbstractThe aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical efficiency of soluble transferrin receptor and transferrin receptor-ferritin index (sTfR/logF) in the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia, as well as the differential diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia and anemia in rheumatoid arthritis. The study included 96 patients with anemia and 61 healthy volunteers as a control group. In healthy subjects there were no significant sex and age differences in the parameters tested. The study results showed these parameters to be reliable in the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia, as well as in the differential diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia and anemia of chronic disease. The results indicate that sTfR/logF could be used to help differentiate coexisting iron deficiency in patients with anemia of chronic disease. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed a higher discriminating power of transferrin receptor-ferritin index vs. soluble transferrin receptor in the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia, as well as in the differential diagnosis between iron deficiency anemia and anemia of chronic disease. In patients with anemia in rheumatoid arthritis, the parameters tested showed no significant differences with respect to C-reactive protein concentration. These results suggested that the parameters tested are not affected by acute or chronic inflammatory disease.

scholarly journals Millets Can Have a Major Impact on Improving Iron Status, Hemoglobin Level, and in Reducing Iron Deficiency Anemia–A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seetha Anitha ◽  
Joanna Kane-Potaka ◽  
Rosemary Botha ◽  
D. Ian Givens ◽  
Nur Liana Binti Sulaiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Ferritin Level ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
Deficiency Anemia

The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia is highest among low and middle-income countries. Millets, including sorghum, are a traditional staple in many of these countries and are known to be rich in iron. However, a wide variation in the iron composition of millets has been reported, which needs to be understood in consonance with its bioavailability and roles in reducing anemia. This systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out to analyze the scientific evidence on the bioavailability of iron in different types of millets, processing, and the impact of millet-based food on iron status and anemia. The results indicated that iron levels in the millets used to study iron bioavailability (both in vivo and in vitro) and efficacy varied with the type and variety from 2 mg/100 g to 8 mg/100 g. However, not all the efficacy studies indicated the iron levels in the millets. There were 30 research studies, including 22 human interventions and 8 in vitro studies, included in the meta-analysis which all discussed various outcomes such as hemoglobin level, serum ferritin level, and absorbed iron. The studies included finger millet, pearl millet, teff and sorghum, or a mixture of millets. The results of 19 studies conducted on anaemic individuals showed that there was a significant (p < 0.01) increase in hemoglobin levels by 13.2% following regular consumption (21 days to 4.5 years) of millets either as a meal or drink compared with regular diets where there was only 2.7% increase. Seven studies on adolescents showed increases in hemoglobin levels from 10.8 ± 1.4 (moderate anemia) to 12.2 ± 1.5 g/dl (normal). Two studies conducted on humans demonstrated that consumption of a pearl millet-based meal significantly increased the bioavailable iron (p < 0.01), with the percentage of bioavailability being 7.5 ± 1.6, and provided bioavailable iron of 1 ± 0.4 mg. Four studies conducted on humans showed significant increases in ferritin level (p < 0.05) up to 54.7%. Eight in-vitro studies showed that traditional processing methods such as fermentation and germination can improve bioavailable iron significantly (p < 0.01) by 3.4 and 2.2 times and contributed to 143 and 95% of the physiological requirement of women, respectively. Overall, this study showed that millets can reduce iron deficiency anemia.

scholarly journals The effect of iron dextran injection on oral candidiasis symptoms in experimental iron deficiency anemia of laboratory rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 96-108
Author(s):  
Saad Jaafar Rashak ◽  
Sanaa Jameel Thamer ◽  
Abdullah H. Alsaadoon ◽  
Maha Khalil Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Iron Dextran ◽  
Oral Thrush

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common type of anemia that causes various health problems and is commonly companied by oral symptoms, including oral thrush from Candida infection. The study assessed the role of iron status in the pathogenicity of oral candidiasis in an animal model. IDA in rats was produced by feeding on iron-free diet (five weeks), followed by inducing oral candidiasis by Candida albicans suspension. After the infection, animal subgroups were treated by intramuscular injection (IM) of iron dextran (ID) at 2 and 4 mg/kg once a week for three weeks and normal saline injection for comparison. Blood parameters test and tongue histopathological study were conducted. The IDA parameters and the oral thrush lesions were detected in experimental rats. IM of 2 mg ID diminished oral white patches and improved blood hemoglobin (14.533 g/dl), serum iron (109.177 μg/dl), and serum ferritin (5.276 ng/ml) and decreased total iron-binding capacity (377.000 μg/dl). Tongue sections showed normal tongue papillae, reduced inflammation and regular keratin deposition on papillae. At a 4 mg dose, despite the improvement in the blood parameters, a mild reduction was found in tongue thrush by less normal appearance of tongue papillae sections, mild inflammatory cells and hyperplasia of squamous epithelium. The study findings indicate that iron status plays a critical role in the treatment of oral thrush infection.

scholarly journals POS0567 HEPCIDIN IS POTENTIAL BIOMARKER TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA AND ANEMIA OF INFLAMMATION IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 518.2-518
Author(s):  
E. Galushko ◽  
A. Semashko ◽  
A. Gordeev ◽  
A. Lila
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Serum Hepcidin ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Anemia Of Inflammation

Background:Anemia of inflammation (AI) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) are the two most prevalent forms of anemia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Diagnosis becomes challenging if AI is associated with true ID (AI/ID), as there is still a lack of a gold standard for differentiation between AI and AI/ID. However, as therapies to overcome anemia differ, proper diagnosis and understanding of underlying pathophysiological regulations are necessary.Objectives:The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical efficiency of hepcidin, a key regulator of iron metabolism, in the diagnosis of IDA, as well as the differential diagnosis of AI/ID and AI in patients with RA.Methods:The study was undertaken 96 patients with RA, 67 of them were diagnosed anemia according to WHO criteria (104,3±21,4 g/l). Anemic patients and anemia-free patients with RA (n=29) were comparable (p>0.05) in age (44.4±14.8 and 49.8±9.3 years), disease duration (73.5±65.4 and 59.8±48.3 months) and DAS28 (6.3±1.6 and 5.9±1.9). All cases were subjected to following tests: complete blood count with peripheral smear, serum C-reactive protein, serum interleukin-6, iron studies, serum soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), and serum hepcidin. Patients with RA and anemia were divided two groups: 25 patients with IDA and 42 - with AI. The AI cases were subdivided into pure AI and AI with coexistent ID (n=15).Results:The mean serum hepcidin concentration was significantly increased in pure AI patients (123.85±25.8 ng/mL) as compared to those in IDA patients (63.9±22.8 ng/mL, P < 0.05) and anemia-free patients with RA (88.1±39.09 ng/mL). Also, compared to pure AI patients [normal sTfR levels (<3 µg/mL)], the serum hepcidin concentration was reduced significantly in AI patients with ID [high sTfR levels (≥3 µg/mL)] with a mean of 79.0±23.97 ng/mL.Conclusion:Hepcidin measurement can provide a useful tool for differentiating AI from IDA and also help to identify an iron deficiency in AI patients. This might aid in the appropriate selection of therapy for these patients.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Role of Serum Transferrin Receptor in Diagnosing and Differentiating Iron Deficiency Anemia from Anemia of Chronic Disease in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-137
Author(s):  
Abdul Latif ◽  
Muhammad Rafiqul Alam ◽  
Asia Khanam ◽  
Farhana Hoque ◽  
Muhammad Abdur Rahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anemia Of Chronic Disease ◽  
Female Ratio

Background: Anemia is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and this is generally anemia of chronic disease, but iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is also common. Soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) is a useful marker for IDA. Present study was undertaken to assess the utility of sTfR as a marker of IDA in selected group of Bangladeshi patients with CKD.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Nephrology, BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2013 to December 2014. Patients with anemia admitted in nephrology department whether on hemodialysis or not and medicine department of BSMMU were taken for study. The study population was further divided into two groups; Group A, patients who are having IDA and Group B, patients with ACD and a control group was also selected. Data were collected by face to face interview and laboratory investigations with a self-administered questionnaire.Results: The mean age of the patients in two study groups were 38.40±13.23 and 34.85±10.52 years respectively and male-female ratio were 0.5:1 and 1:0.5. Mean sTfR level was higher (4.81± 1.64 ?g/ml) in patients with IDA than (2.89±1.40 ?g/ml) in patients with ACD (p <0.0001). In our study mean ferritin level was 599.59± 449.15?g/L in ACD patients whereas 101.23±119.42 in IDA patients (p<0.0001). Total iron binding capacity (TIBC) was more in ACD patients with sTfRe”3?g/ml as compared to ACD patients with sTfR<3?g/ml. Transferrin saturation (TSAT) level was significantly decreased in ACD patients with sTfR ?3?g/ml as compared to ACD patients with sTfR<3?g/ml.Conclusion: sTfR has a comparable ability to S. ferritin in diagnosing IDA and ACD. However, sTfR and serum ferritin alone cannot definitely exclude co-existing iron deficiency in ACD. As sTfR is not affected by infection and/or inflammation, thus providing a non-invasive alternative to bone marrow study.Birdem Med J 2017; 7(2): 132-137

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