scholarly journals Metronomic Chemotherapy: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Clinical Experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cem Simsek ◽  
Ece Esin ◽  
Suayib Yalcin
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Metronomic Chemotherapy ◽  
Maximum Tolerated Dose ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
The Past ◽  
Promising Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Treatment Models ◽  
Dose Dense ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Metronomic chemotherapy, continuous and dose-dense administration of chemotherapeutic drugs with lowered doses, is being evaluated for substituting, augmenting, or appending conventional maximum tolerated dose regimens, with preclinical and clinical studies for the past few decades. To date, the principle mechanisms of its action include impeding tumoral angiogenesis and modulation of hosts’ immune system, affecting directly tumor cells, their progenitors, and neighboring stromal cells. Its better toxicity profile, lower cost, and easier use are main advantages over conventional therapies. The evidence of metronomic chemotherapy for personalized medicine is growing, starting with unfit elderly patients and also for palliative treatment. The literature reviewed in this article mainly demonstrates that metronomic chemotherapy is advantageous for selected patients and for certain types of malignancies, which make it a promising therapeutic approach for filling in the gaps. More clinical studies are needed to establish a solidified role for metronomic chemotherapy with other treatment models in modern cancer management.

scholarly journals Cell therapy for lung disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (144) ◽  
pp. 170044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Geiger ◽  
Daniela Hirsch ◽  
Felix G. Hermann
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Promising Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Besides cancer and cardiovascular diseases, lung disorders are a leading cause of morbidity and death worldwide. For many disease conditions no effective and curative treatment options are available. Cell therapies offer a novel therapeutic approach due to their inherent anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are the most studied cell product. Numerous preclinical studies demonstrate an improvement of disease-associated parameters after MSC administration in several lung disorders, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Furthermore, results from clinical studies using MSCs for the treatment of various lung diseases indicate that MSC treatment in these patients is safe. In this review we summarise the results of preclinical and clinical studies that indicate that MSCs are a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of lung diseases. Nevertheless, further investigations are required.

scholarly journals Tryptophan depletion and its implications for psychiatry

2001 ◽  
Vol 178 (5) ◽  
pp. 399-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Bell ◽  
Jolane Abrams ◽  
David Nutt
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Tryptophan Depletion ◽  
Plasma Tryptophan ◽  
The Past ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

BackgroundOver the past 10 years the technique of tryptophan depletion has been used increasingly as a tool for studying brain serotonergic systems.AimsTo review the technique of tryptophan depletion and its current status as a tool for investigating psychiatric disorders.MethodSystematic review of preclinical and clinical studies.ResultsTryptophan depletion produces a marked reduction in plasma tryptophan and consequently brain serotonin (5-HT) synthesis and release. In healthy volunteers the effects of tryptophan depletion are influenced by the characteristics of the subjects and include some mood lowering, some memory impairment and an increase in aggression. In patients with depression tryptophan depletion tends to result in no worsening of depression in untreated subjects but a relapse in those who have responded to antidepressants (particularly serotonergic agents). In panic disorder the results are similar.ConclusionsThe findings that tryptophan depletion produces a relapse of symptoms in patients with depression and panic disorder who have responded to treatment with antidepressants suggests that enhanced 5-HT function is important in maintaining response in these conditions.

Current Studies of Aspirin as an Anticancer Agent and Strategies to Strengthen its Therapeutic Application in Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phuong H.L. Tran ◽  
Beom-Jin Lee ◽  
Thao T.D. Tran
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Agent ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Aspirin Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Application ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Risk Of Bleeding ◽  
The Past ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs

: Aspirin has emerged as a promising intervention in cancer in the past decade. However, there are existing controversies regarding the anticancer properties of aspirin as its mechanism of action has not been clearly defined. In addition, the risk of bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract from aspirin is another consideration that requires medical and pharmaceutical scientists to work together to develop more potent and safe aspirin therapy in cancer. This review presents the most recent studies of aspirin with regard to its role in cancer prevention and treatment demonstrated by highlighted clinical trials, mechanisms of action as well as approaches to develop aspirin therapy best beneficial to cancer patients. Hence, this review provides readers with an overview of aspirin research in cancer that covers not only the unique features of aspirin, which differentiates aspirin from other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), but also strategies that can be used in the development of drug delivery systems carrying aspirin for cancer management. These studies convey optimistic messages on continuing efforts of scientist on the way of developing an effective therapy for even patients with a low response to current cancer treatments.

scholarly journals Toxic Animal-Based Medicinal Materials Can Be Effective in Treating Endometriosis: A Scoping Review

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Su-In Hwang ◽  
Young-Jin Yoon ◽  
Soo-Hyun Sung ◽  
Ki-Tae Ha ◽  
Jang-Kyung Park
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Dependent Growth ◽  
Gynecological Disorder ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Animal toxins and venoms have recently been developed as cancer treatments possessing tumor cell growth-inhibitory, antiangiogenesis, and proapoptotic effects. Endometriosis is a common benign gynecological disorder in reproductive-age women, and no definite treatment for this disorder is without severe side effects. As endometriosis and malignant tumors share similar characteristics (progressive, invasive, estrogen-dependent growth, and recurrence), animal toxins and venoms are thought to be effective against endometriosis. The objective of this study was to outline studies using toxic animal-based medicinal materials (TMM) as endometriosis treatment and to explore its clinical applicability. Preclinical and clinical studies using TMM were searched for in four databases from inception to October 2020. A total of 20 studies of TMM on endometriosis were included. In eight clinical studies, herbal medicines containing TMM were effective in relieving symptoms of endometriosis, with no side effects. In twelve experimental studies, the main therapeutic mechanisms of TMM against endometriosis were proapoptotic, antiangiogenesis, estrogen level-reducing, and possible anti-inflammatory effects. TMM are thus considered promising sources for the development of an effective treatment method for endometriosis. Further studies are needed to clarify the therapeutic mechanism of TMM against endometriosis and to provide sufficient grounds for clinical application.

505(b) (2) - A smart pathway to differentiate from competitive, low margin environment of generics

2021 ◽  
pp. 174113432098786
Author(s):  
Pooja Rathee ◽  
Swagat Tripathy ◽  
Sahil Khatter ◽  
BP Patra ◽  
PN Murthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Development Program ◽  
New Product ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Defense Strategies ◽  
Market Launch ◽  
Regulatory Strategy ◽  
Limited Change ◽  
Early Market

Purpose 505(b) (2) application is one of the advantageous ways of regulatory submission. This submission approach can lead to fast-track approval for wide-ranging products, exclusively for those that exemplify a limited change from formerly approved drug. Safety and efficacy evidence in terms of non-clinical and clinical portion of the Reference Listed Drug (RLD), are trusted upon. Additionally, supplementary data essentially required to establish comparability with the RLD, are presented in the dossier. Methods This retrospective analysis is to understand the FDA's expectations and avoid errors in terms of data support approval for a new product submitted under the 505 (b) (2) route. The current script is an analysis on how to architect 505(b) (2) regulatory strategy by developing a different set of documents/information. Results The ultimate goal of this review is to allow drug developers to easily navigate through various 505 (b) (2) submissions and defense strategies for registration processes available to the new drug manufacturers and to understand an effective, safer filing route by facilitating early market launch with a prospect of lower cost. Conclusion Before considering option 505 (b) (2), general companies should have a good understanding of product’s potential productivity, scalability, patent infringement, expensive clinical studies and/or non-clinical studies to appropriately strategize scientific and commercial opportunities. This leverage will potentially quicken the development program and will definitely lower the clinical and regulatory risk of new product entrants.

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