scholarly journals Assessment of Levels, Speciation, and Toxicity of Trace Metal Contaminants in Selected Shallow Groundwater Sources, Surface Runoff, Wastewater, and Surface Water from Designated Streams in Lake Victoria Basin, Uganda

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. Bakyayita ◽  
A. C. Norrström ◽  
R. N. Kulabako
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Lake Victoria Basin ◽  
Sorption Data ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Surface Water Samples

The levels, speciation of elements, and toxicity of selected trace metals as well as other parameters in selected surface water, shallow groundwater sources, landfill leachate, and associated surface runoff in the Lake Victoria basin, Uganda, were studied. The WHO guidelines, Ugandan standards, Canadian guidelines and Swedish EPA were used for assessment. The shallow groundwater was acidic with pH values below 6.5. The pH, dissolved organic carbon, flouride, and sulphate levels for all springs were below the guideline values although 52.8% was contaminated with nitrates while 39% was contaminated with chloride ions. Some surface water samples had levels of major elements, such as iron, chromium, aluminium, and manganese, above the guideline values. Speciation studies showed that 74% of the metal ions was bound to dissolved organic matter in surface water, whereas in landfill leachates, the dominant ionic species was metal hydroxides or fulvic acid bound. Risk analysis based on the Swedish EPA showed varied risks of negative effects in 30%–76% of the sample sites ranging from high to increased risk in surface water, whereas the results from modelling sorption data using the Bio-met tool showed potential risk to toxicity effects of Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, and Pb2+ in 15.3%–30.8% surface water samples and 8.3%–62.5% groundwater samples.

scholarly journals Atrazine and Metolachlor Contamination in Surface and Ground Water in the Zomba/Bvumbwe Region in Malawi

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 33-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deliwe Dinah Lakudzala
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
World Health ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Liquid Chromatograph ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Surface Water Samples

A snapshot survey was conducted to assess ground and surface water contamination by atrazine and metolachlor in the Zomba/Bvumbwe region. Ground and surface water samples were collected and their atrazine and metolachlor were extracted using ethyl acetate. The extracts were cleaned up using florisil, concentrated on a rotary evaporator and detected using thin layer chromatography. No herbicide residue was detected in the groundwater samples. In surface water samples atrazine was detected in 38 % and metolachlor was detected in 15 % of the samples. The concentrations of the herbicides were at their highest soon after the first run off event after herbicide application. The concentrations, however were generally below the World Health Organization's (WHO's) recommended maximum guideline values (2 μg/ml atrazine and 10 μg/ml) metolachlor. Following the first run off event concentrations of herbicides steadily decreased with time, decreasing to zero within eight weeks of herbicide application at 37 % of the water sampling points that had herbicide contamination. Light soaking rains, higher clay content, flat land, longer distance between agricultural land and surface water body (filtering area), lower herbicide application rates and herbicide incorporation seemed to reduce herbicide export to surface water. Based on the study it is recommended that regular monitoring of pesticides in water should be done and that quantification of the pesticides should be done more accurately using a gas or liquid chromatograph with appropriate detectors. It is also recommended to follow good land husbandry practices to reduce export of pesticides to surface water bodies.

Occurrence of 1,4-dioxane and MTBE in drinking water sources in Japan

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Simazaki ◽  
M. Asami ◽  
T. Nishimura ◽  
S. Kunikane ◽  
T. Aizawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Standard Value ◽  
Surface Water Samples

Nationwide surveys of 1,4-dioxane and methyl-t-butyl ether (MTBE) levels in raw water used for the drinking water supply were conducted at 91 water treatment plants in Japan in 2001 and 2002, prior to the revision of the drinking water quality standards. 1,4-dioxane was widely and continuously detected in raw water samples and its occurrence was more frequent and its concentrations higher in groundwater than in surface water. However, its maximum concentration in raw water was much lower than its new standard value (50 μg/L), which was determined as a level of 10−5 excessive cancer risk to humans. Trace levels of MTBE were also detected in several surface water samples.

scholarly journals Development of Surface Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction Coupled with HPLC Method for the Removal and Detection of Griseofulvin in Surface Water

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamran Bashir ◽  
Zhimin Luo ◽  
Guoning Chen ◽  
Hua Shu ◽  
Xia Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Solid Phase Extraction ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted ◽  
Imprinted Polymers ◽  
Surface Water Samples

Griseofulvin (GSF) is clinically employed to treat fungal infections in humans and animals. GSF was detected in surface waters as a pharmaceutical pollutant. GSF detection as an anthropogenic pollutant is considered as a possible source of drug resistance and risk factor in ecosystem. To address this concern, a new extraction and enrichment method was developed. GSF-surface molecularly imprinted polymers (GSF-SMIPs) were prepared and applied as solid phase extraction (SPE) sorbent. A dispersive solid phase extraction (DSPE) method was designed and combined with HPLC for the analysis of GSF in surface water samples. The performance of GSF-SMIPs was assessed for its potential to remove GSF from water samples. The factors affecting the removal efficiency such as sample pH and ionic strength were investigated and optimized. The DSPE conditions such as the amount of GSF-SMIPs, the extraction time, the type and volume of desorption solvents were also optimized. The established method is linear over the range of 0.1–100 µg/mL. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.01 and 0.03 µg/mL respectively. Good recoveries (91.6–98.8%) were achieved after DSPE. The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations were 0.8 and 4.3% respectively. The SMIPs demonstrated good removal efficiency (91.6%) as compared to powder activated carbon (67.7%). Moreover, the SMIPs can be reused 10 times for water samples. This is an additional advantage over single-use activated carbon and other commercial sorbents. This study provides a specific and sensitive method for the selective extraction and detection of GSF in surface water samples.

Occurrence and fate of rosuvastatin, rosuvastatin lactone, and atorvastatin in Canadian sewage and surface water samples

Chemosphere ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 1285-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hing-Biu Lee ◽  
Thomas E. Peart ◽  
M. Lewina Svoboda ◽  
Sean Backus
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Surface Water Samples

A comparative study of radon levels in underground and surface water samples of Faridabad district of Southern Haryana, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 319 (3) ◽  
pp. 907-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhupender Singh ◽  
Krishan Kant ◽  
Maneesha Garg ◽  
Ajit Singh ◽  
B. K. Sahoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Surface Water Samples

scholarly journals Analysis of Ground and Surface Water Samples from some Area of Dhaka City for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Mandal ◽  
N Khuda ◽  
MR Mian ◽  
M Moniruzzaman ◽  
N Nahar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Surface Water Samples

Abstract not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v63i1.21770 Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 63(1): 59-60, 2015 (January)

scholarly journals Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding surveys extend the range of invasion for non-indigenous freshwater species in Eastern Europe.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gert-Jan Jeunen ◽  
Tatsiana Lipinskaya ◽  
Helen Gajduchenko ◽  
Viktoriya Golovenchik ◽  
Michail Moroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Reference Database ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Surface Water Samples

Active environmental DNA (eDNA) surveillance through species-specific amplification has shown increased sensitivity in the detection of non-indigenous species (NIS) compared to traditional approaches. When many NIS are of interest, however, active surveillance decreases in cost- and time-efficiency. Passive surveillance through eDNA metabarcoding takes advantage of the complex DNA signal in environmental samples and facilitates the simultaneous detection of multiple species. While passive eDNA surveillance has previously detected NIS, comparative studies are essential to determine the ability of eDNA metabarcoding to accurately describe the range of invasion for multiple NIS versus alternative approaches. Here, we surveyed twelve sites, covering nine rivers across Belarus for NIS with three different techniques, i.e., an ichthyological, hydrobiological, and eDNA survey, whereby DNA was extracted from 500 mL surface water samples and amplified with two 16S rRNA primer assays targeting the fish and macro-invertebrate biodiversity. Nine non-indigenous fish and ten non-indigenous sediment-living macro-invertebrates were detected by traditional surveys, while seven NIS eDNA signals were picked up, including four fish, one aquatic and two sediment-living macro-invertebrates. Passive eDNA surveillance extended the range of invasion further north for two invasive fish and identified a new NIS for Belarus, the freshwater jellyfish Craspedacusta sowerbii. False-negative detections for the eDNA survey could be attributed to (i) preferential amplification of aquatic over sediment-living macro-invertebrates from surface water samples and (ii) an incomplete reference database. The evidence provided in this study recommends the implementation of both molecular-based and traditional approaches to maximize the probability of early detection of non-native organisms.

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