scholarly journals S100A12 in Digestive Diseases and Health: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Carvalho ◽  
Jacky Lu ◽  
Jamisha D. Francis ◽  
Rebecca E. Moore ◽  
Kathryn P. Haley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Nutritional Immunity ◽  
Digestive Diseases ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
Ef Hand ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Calgranulin proteins are an important class of molecules involved in innate immunity. These members of the S100 class of the EF-hand family of calcium-binding proteins have numerous cellular and antimicrobial functions. One protein in particular, S100A12 (also called EN-RAGE or calgranulin C), is highly abundant in neutrophils during acute inflammation and has been implicated in immune regulation. Structure-function analyses reveal that S100A12 has the capacity to bind calcium, zinc, and copper, processes that contribute to nutritional immunity against invading microbial pathogens. S100A12 is a ligand for the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and CD36, which promote cellular and immunological pathways to alter inflammation. We conducted a scoping review of the existing literature to define what is known about the association of S100A12 with digestive disease and health. Results suggest that S100A12 is implicated in gastroenteritis, necrotizing enterocolitis, gastritis, gastric cancer, Crohn’s disease, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and digestive tract cancers. Together, these results reveal S100A12 is an important molecule broadly associated with the pathogenesis of digestive diseases.

scholarly journals PROBIOTICS IN GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES: ALL THAT GLITTERS IS NOT GOLD

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debora Compare ◽  
Costantino Sgamato ◽  
Olga Maria Nardone ◽  
Alba Rocco ◽  
Pietro Coccoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Symptomatic Improvement ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Digestive Diseases ◽  
Gastrointestinal Conditions ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

Background: Multiple lines of evidence now support the notion that gut microbiota can contribute to digestive and extra-digestive diseases. The emergence of these observations enabled to postulate a bacteria-centric paradigm upon which to rethink the treatment of many diseases. The goal of therapy should not be to eradicate the flora but to modify it in a way that leads to symptomatic improvement; thus, the interest in the use of probiotics to modulate microbiota composition has increased worldwide in both community and healthcare settings. Summary: The results of published studies are conflicting for most probiotic strains and formulations, and clinicians and consumers need a better understanding of probiotic risks and benefits. Currently, clear guidelines on when to use probiotics and the most effective probiotic for different gastrointestinal conditions are still lacking. Here we reviewed the studies on the use of probiotics in some diseases of relevant interest to gastroenterologists, such as Helicobacter pylori infection, irritable bowel syndrome, and inflammatory bowel disease. Key message: Although the evidence is relevant and promising for probiotics in general, and for specific strains and combinations of strains, it is not yet sufficient to draw unequivocal conclusions and clear recommendations.

scholarly journals Utility of Video Consultation in Digestive Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Modesto Lorenzo ◽  
Tania Serra ◽  
César Serra
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Hepatobiliary Disease ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Digestive Diseases ◽  
Video Consultation ◽  
The Face ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Introduction: Despite the rise of video consultation, most consultations in patients with digestive diseases tend to be face-to-face. Objective and Methods: In 2016, gastroenterology video consultation was implemented in the hospital. A prospective and descriptive study of a series of patients attended consecutively by video consultation by a gastroenterology specialist for 50 months. We have analyzed which syndromes and digestive diseases are susceptible to being performed by video consultation. Results: Two hundred fifty patients were selected (100 during the first three months of the COVID-19 pandemic), 50.4% men and 49.6% women, with a mean age of 48 (SD 18-9) years. The main reason for the consultation of the 142 patients (56.8%) with definitive diagnoses was: dyspepsia, hepatobiliary disease, diarrhea, gastroesophageal reflux, and irritable bowel syndrome. The final diagnosis was dyspepsia (21%), hepatobiliary disease (16%), diarrhea (9%), irritable bowel syndrome (8.4%), intolerances (including gluten intolerance and sensitivity) (8.4%), gastroesophageal reflux disease (7,7%), and inflammatory bowel disease (6.3%). The concordance between the diagnostic impression and the definitive diagnosis was 60%. Conclusions: Video consultation in gastroenterology is an effective alternative to the face-to-face visit, used equally in patients of both sexes, where dyspepsia is the main reason for consultation and diagnosis. During the first 3 months of the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of video consultations increased 10 times. The main pathologies diagnosed were dyspepsia and hepatobiliary diseases.

scholarly journals INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA IN DIGESTIVE DISEASES

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria do Carmo Friche PASSOS ◽  
Joaquim Prado MORAES-FILHO
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Digestive Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
And Function

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND In recent years, especially after the development of sophisticated metagenomic studies, research on the intestinal microbiota has increased, radically transforming our knowledge about the microbiome and its association with health maintenance and disease development in humans. Increasing evidence has shown that a permanent alteration in microbiota composition or function (dysbiosis) can alter immune responses, metabolism, intestinal permeability, and digestive motility, thereby promoting a proinflammatory state. Such alterations can mainly impair the host’s immune and metabolic functions, thus favoring the onset of diseases such as diabetes, obesity, digestive, neurological, autoimmune, and neoplastic diseases. This comprehensive review is a compilation of the available literature on the formation of the complex intestinal ecosystem and its impact on the incidence of diseases such as obesity, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, and digestive neoplasms. CONCLUSION: Alterations in the composition and function of the gastrointestinal microbiota (dysbiosis) have a direct impact on human health and seem to have an important role in the pathogenesis of several gastrointestinal diseases, whether inflammatory, metabolic, or neoplastic ones.

Are Viruses and Parasites Linked to Celiac Disease? A Question that Still has no Definite Answer

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 1181-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aref Shariati ◽  
Hamid R. Aslani ◽  
Mohammad R.H. Shayesteh ◽  
Ali Taghipour ◽  
Ahmad Nasser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
The People ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Related Proteins

Celiac Disease (CD) is a complex autoimmune enteropathy of the small intestine that commonly occurs in genetically predisposed individuals due to intake of gluten and related proteins. Gluten consumption, duration of breast-feeding, various infections, especially frequent intestinal infections, vaccinations and use of antibiotics can be linked to CD. It is predicted that it affects 1% of the global population and its incidence rate is increasing. Most of the people with the HLA-DQ2 or HLADQ8 are at a higher risk of developing this disease. The link between infections and autoimmune diseases has been very much considered in recent years. In several studies, we explained that pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms might have multiple roles in initiation, exacerbation, and development of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). In various studies, the relationship between infections caused by viruses, such as Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), Rotavirus, Hepatitis C (HCV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Influenza virus, and parasites including Giardia spp. and Toxoplasma gondii with CD has been raised. However, increasing evidence proposes that some of these microorganisms, especially helminths, can also have protective and even therapeutic roles in the CD process. Therefore, in order to determine the role of microorganisms in the process of this disease, we attempted to summarize the evidence suggesting the role of viral and parasitic agents in pathogenesis of CD.

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