scholarly journals PROBIOTICS IN GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES: ALL THAT GLITTERS IS NOT GOLD

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debora Compare ◽  
Costantino Sgamato ◽  
Olga Maria Nardone ◽  
Alba Rocco ◽  
Pietro Coccoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Symptomatic Improvement ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Digestive Diseases ◽  
Gastrointestinal Conditions ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

Background: Multiple lines of evidence now support the notion that gut microbiota can contribute to digestive and extra-digestive diseases. The emergence of these observations enabled to postulate a bacteria-centric paradigm upon which to rethink the treatment of many diseases. The goal of therapy should not be to eradicate the flora but to modify it in a way that leads to symptomatic improvement; thus, the interest in the use of probiotics to modulate microbiota composition has increased worldwide in both community and healthcare settings. Summary: The results of published studies are conflicting for most probiotic strains and formulations, and clinicians and consumers need a better understanding of probiotic risks and benefits. Currently, clear guidelines on when to use probiotics and the most effective probiotic for different gastrointestinal conditions are still lacking. Here we reviewed the studies on the use of probiotics in some diseases of relevant interest to gastroenterologists, such as Helicobacter pylori infection, irritable bowel syndrome, and inflammatory bowel disease. Key message: Although the evidence is relevant and promising for probiotics in general, and for specific strains and combinations of strains, it is not yet sufficient to draw unequivocal conclusions and clear recommendations.

scholarly journals INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA IN DIGESTIVE DISEASES

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria do Carmo Friche PASSOS ◽  
Joaquim Prado MORAES-FILHO
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Digestive Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
And Function

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND In recent years, especially after the development of sophisticated metagenomic studies, research on the intestinal microbiota has increased, radically transforming our knowledge about the microbiome and its association with health maintenance and disease development in humans. Increasing evidence has shown that a permanent alteration in microbiota composition or function (dysbiosis) can alter immune responses, metabolism, intestinal permeability, and digestive motility, thereby promoting a proinflammatory state. Such alterations can mainly impair the host’s immune and metabolic functions, thus favoring the onset of diseases such as diabetes, obesity, digestive, neurological, autoimmune, and neoplastic diseases. This comprehensive review is a compilation of the available literature on the formation of the complex intestinal ecosystem and its impact on the incidence of diseases such as obesity, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, and digestive neoplasms. CONCLUSION: Alterations in the composition and function of the gastrointestinal microbiota (dysbiosis) have a direct impact on human health and seem to have an important role in the pathogenesis of several gastrointestinal diseases, whether inflammatory, metabolic, or neoplastic ones.

scholarly journals Diet and Nutrients in Gastrointestinal Chronic Diseases

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2693
Author(s):  
Antonio Corsello ◽  
Daniela Pugliese ◽  
Antonio Gasbarrini ◽  
Alessandro Armuzzi
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Daily Amount ◽  
Progression Of Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Therapeutic Possibilities

Diet and nutrition are known to play key roles in many chronic gastrointestinal diseases, regarding both pathogenesis and therapeutic possibilities. A strong correlation between symptomatology, disease activity and eating habits has been observed in many common diseases, both organic and functional, such as inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome. New different dietary approaches have been evaluated in order improve patients’ symptoms, modulating the type of sugars ingested, the daily amount of fats or the kind of metabolites produced in gut. Even if many clinical studies have been conducted to fully understand the impact of nutrition on the progression of disease, more studies are needed to test the most promising approaches for different diseases, in order to define useful guidelines for patients.

scholarly journals An automated identification and analysis of ontological terms in gastrointestinal diseases and nutrition-related literature provides useful insights

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orges Koci ◽  
Michael Logan ◽  
Vaios Svolos ◽  
Richard K. Russell ◽  
Konstantinos Gerasimidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Biomedical Literature ◽  
Biomedical Data ◽  
Automated Identification ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Trends

With an unprecedented growth in the biomedical literature, keeping up to date with the new developments presents an immense challenge. Publications are often studied in isolation of the established literature, with interpretation being subjective and often introducing human bias. With ontology-driven annotation of biomedical data gaining popularity in recent years and online databases offering metatags with rich textual information, it is now possible to automatically text-mine ontological terms and complement the laborious task of manual management, interpretation, and analysis of the accumulated literature with downstream statistical analysis. In this paper, we have formulated an automated workflow through which we have identified ontological information, including nutrition-related terms in PubMed abstracts (from 1991 until 2016) for two main types of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis; and two other gastrointestinal diseases, namely, Coeliac Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Our analysis reveals unique clustering patterns as well as spatial and temporal trends inherent to the considered gastrointestinal diseases in terms of literature that has been accumulated so far. Although automated interpretation cannot replace human judgement, the developed workflow shows promising results and can be a useful tool in systematic literature reviews. The workflow is available at https://github.com/KociOrges/pytag .

Nutrition in gastrointestinal diseases

2020 ◽  
pp. 621-678
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Coeliac Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Lactose Intolerance ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Mouth, Dental, Oesophageal, Stomach, Gastrectomy, Small intestine, Malabsorption, Steatorrhoea, Lactose intolerance, Inflammatory bowel disease, Coeliac disease, Fistulae, stoma, transplantation, Irritable bowel syndrome, colon, Gallbladder

scholarly journals S100A12 in Digestive Diseases and Health: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Carvalho ◽  
Jacky Lu ◽  
Jamisha D. Francis ◽  
Rebecca E. Moore ◽  
Kathryn P. Haley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Nutritional Immunity ◽  
Digestive Diseases ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
Ef Hand ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Calgranulin proteins are an important class of molecules involved in innate immunity. These members of the S100 class of the EF-hand family of calcium-binding proteins have numerous cellular and antimicrobial functions. One protein in particular, S100A12 (also called EN-RAGE or calgranulin C), is highly abundant in neutrophils during acute inflammation and has been implicated in immune regulation. Structure-function analyses reveal that S100A12 has the capacity to bind calcium, zinc, and copper, processes that contribute to nutritional immunity against invading microbial pathogens. S100A12 is a ligand for the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and CD36, which promote cellular and immunological pathways to alter inflammation. We conducted a scoping review of the existing literature to define what is known about the association of S100A12 with digestive disease and health. Results suggest that S100A12 is implicated in gastroenteritis, necrotizing enterocolitis, gastritis, gastric cancer, Crohn’s disease, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and digestive tract cancers. Together, these results reveal S100A12 is an important molecule broadly associated with the pathogenesis of digestive diseases.

scholarly journals Utility of Video Consultation in Digestive Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Modesto Lorenzo ◽  
Tania Serra ◽  
César Serra
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Hepatobiliary Disease ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Digestive Diseases ◽  
Video Consultation ◽  
The Face ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Introduction: Despite the rise of video consultation, most consultations in patients with digestive diseases tend to be face-to-face. Objective and Methods: In 2016, gastroenterology video consultation was implemented in the hospital. A prospective and descriptive study of a series of patients attended consecutively by video consultation by a gastroenterology specialist for 50 months. We have analyzed which syndromes and digestive diseases are susceptible to being performed by video consultation. Results: Two hundred fifty patients were selected (100 during the first three months of the COVID-19 pandemic), 50.4% men and 49.6% women, with a mean age of 48 (SD 18-9) years. The main reason for the consultation of the 142 patients (56.8%) with definitive diagnoses was: dyspepsia, hepatobiliary disease, diarrhea, gastroesophageal reflux, and irritable bowel syndrome. The final diagnosis was dyspepsia (21%), hepatobiliary disease (16%), diarrhea (9%), irritable bowel syndrome (8.4%), intolerances (including gluten intolerance and sensitivity) (8.4%), gastroesophageal reflux disease (7,7%), and inflammatory bowel disease (6.3%). The concordance between the diagnostic impression and the definitive diagnosis was 60%. Conclusions: Video consultation in gastroenterology is an effective alternative to the face-to-face visit, used equally in patients of both sexes, where dyspepsia is the main reason for consultation and diagnosis. During the first 3 months of the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of video consultations increased 10 times. The main pathologies diagnosed were dyspepsia and hepatobiliary diseases.

scholarly journals An automated identification and analysis of ontological terms in gastrointestinal diseases and nutrition-related literature provides useful insights

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orges Koci ◽  
Michael Logan ◽  
Vaios Svolos ◽  
Richard K. Russell ◽  
Konstantinos Gerasimidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Biomedical Literature ◽  
Biomedical Data ◽  
Automated Identification ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Trends

With an unprecedented growth in the biomedical literature, keeping up to date with the new developments presents an immense challenge. Publications are often studied in isolation of the established literature, with interpretation being subjective and often introducing human bias. With ontology-driven annotation of biomedical data gaining popularity in recent years and online databases offering metatags with rich textual information, it is now possible to automatically text-mine ontological terms and complement the laborious task of manual management, interpretation, and analysis of the accumulated literature with downstream statistical analysis. In this paper, we have formulated an automated workflow through which we have identified ontological information, including nutrition-related terms in PubMed abstracts (from 1991 to 2016) for two main types of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis; and two other gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, namely, Coeliac Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Our analysis reveals unique clustering patterns as well as spatial and temporal trends inherent to the considered GI diseases in terms of literature that has been accumulated so far. Although automated interpretation cannot replace human judgement, the developed workflow shows promising results and can be a useful tool in systematic literature reviews. The workflow is available at https://github.com/KociOrges/pytag.

Pathophysiological roles of proteases in gastrointestinal disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (4) ◽  
pp. G234-G239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E. Edgington-Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Protease Activity ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Substrate Cleavage ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Gastrointestinal diseases, such as irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and colorectal cancer, affect a large proportion of the population and are associated with many unpleasant symptoms. Although the causes of these diseases remain largely unknown, there is increasing evidence to suggest that dysregulated protease activity may be a contributing factor. Proteases are enzymes that cleave other proteins, and their activity is normally very tightly regulated. During disease, however, the balance between proteases and their inhibitors is often shifted, leading to altered spatial and temporal control of substrate cleavage. Evaluating protease levels in normal physiology and disease has relied heavily on the use of chemical tools. Although these tools have greatly advanced the field, they are not without caveats. This review provides an introduction to these tools, their application in the gut, and a summary of the current knowledge on the contribution of protease activity to gastrointestinal disease.

scholarly journals Probiotics and intestinal health effects: a clinical perspective

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (S1) ◽  
pp. s51-s57 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Marteau ◽  
P. Seksik ◽  
R. Jian
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Acute Diarrhoea ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Non Ulcer Dyspepsia ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Probiotics are viable non-pathogenic micro-organisms which, when ingested, exert a positive influence on host health or physiology. We have critically analysed the evidence for the efficacy of specific probiotic strains in human gastrointestinal diseases. The best evidence can be obtained with randomised controlled trials which avoid bias. Good evidence has been obtained with several strains in the prevention or treatment of antibiotic-associated disorders, in the treatment (and to a lesser extent prevention) of gastroenteritis and acute diarrhoea and in the alleviation of lactose intolerance. We also analysed the recent randomised controlled trials performed in patients with Clostridium difficile or Helicobacter pylori, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, non-ulcer dyspepsia and colon cancer.

scholarly journals Tryptophan Metabolites Along the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: An Interkingdom Communication System Influencing the Gut in Health and Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117864692092898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annalisa Bosi ◽  
Davide Banfi ◽  
Michela Bistoletti ◽  
Cristina Giaroni ◽  
Andreina Baj
Keyword(s):  
Communication System ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Bidirectional Communication ◽  
Tryptophan Metabolites ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Interkingdom Communication

The ‘microbiota-gut-brain axis’ plays a fundamental role in maintaining host homeostasis, and different immune, hormonal, and neuronal signals participate to this interkingdom communication system between eukaryota and prokaryota. The essential aminoacid tryptophan, as a precursor of several molecules acting at the interface between the host and the microbiota, is fundamental in the modulation of this bidirectional communication axis. In the gut, tryptophan undergoes 3 major metabolic pathways, the 5-HT, kynurenine, and AhR ligand pathways, which may be directly or indirectly controlled by the saprophytic flora. The importance of tryptophan metabolites in the modulation of the gastrointestinal tract is suggested by several preclinical and clinical studies; however, a thorough revision of the available literature has not been accomplished yet. Thus, this review attempts to cover the major aspects on the role of tryptophan metabolites in host-microbiota cross-talk underlaying regulation of gut functions in health conditions and during disease states, with particular attention to 2 major gastrointestinal diseases, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), both characterized by psychiatric disorders. Research in this area opens the possibility to target tryptophan metabolism to ameliorate the knowledge on the pathogenesis of both diseases, as well as to discover new therapeutic strategies based either on conventional pharmacological approaches or on the use of pre- and probiotics to manipulate the microbial flora.

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