scholarly journals Analysis of Correlation between the Seven Important Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) Virulence Factors and Drug Resistance in Patients with Gastritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinem Oktem-Okullu ◽  
Zehra Cekic-Kipritci ◽  
Elif Kilic ◽  
Nogayhan Seymen ◽  
Nesteren Mansur-Ozen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Life Science ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Conventional Pcr ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between seven important H. pylori virulence factors and antibiotic resistance in patients with gastritis. H. pylori strains isolated from 33 patients with gastritis were examined. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were tested by GenoType® HelicoDR (Hain Life Science, Germany) test kit and RT-PCR. The virulence-factors were determined using conventional PCR. 39% of patients were resistant for clarithromycin and 27% of patients were resistant for fluoroquinolone. 15% of patients were resistant to both clarithromycin and fluoroquinolone. The H. pylori vacA m1/s2 genotype was the most frequent allelic combination. Patients were possessed the vacA s1, m1 (6.1%); s1, m2 (6.1%); s2, m1 (15.1%); and s2, m2 (3.0%) genotypes. 94% of patients with gastritis were positive for H. pylori napA gene. Also, there were no dupA gene-positive gastritis patients. There was no significant correlation between the vacA, cagA, oipA, hpaA, babA, napA, dupA, ureA, ureB virulence genes, clarithromycin, and fluoroquinolone resistance. Herein, we report that the relationship between the H. pylori napA gene and gastritis. Although we found a correlation between H. pylori virulence factor and clinical outcome, there is a need for further studies to enlighten the relation between H. pylori virulence genes and antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Prevalence of vacA, cagA, and iceA Virulence Factors of Helicobacter Pylori Isolated from Gastro-duodenal Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
Ahmed Husham Salman ◽  
Aumed Arshad Hawezy
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Gastric Lymphoma ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
Peptic Ulcers ◽  
Back Ground ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Pcr Test

Back ground: Helicobacter pylori are bacteria colonize in the human epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract. Its infection causes different diseases, including chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric lymphoma and adenocarcinoma. H. pylori have many virulence factors attributing in one or more biological functions. Objective: Detecting the prevalence of virulence factor genes vacA, cagA, iceA among strain of H. pylori using molecular technique (PCR). Materials and methods: Sixty patients (27 male and 33 female), aged 18 and above included in the present study who showed signs and symptoms of H. pylori, and undergo endoscopy between period of November 2019 and February 2020. RUT and PCR test done to detect the presence of H. pylori infection, also PCR used to detect the three virulence factors. Results: Result showed that 44 patients, 21 (47.7%) male and 23 (52.3%) female were detected as positive H. pylori infections, among them 13 (29.5%) above 50 years, and 31 (70.4%) were below 50 years. While prevalence of the virulence factors vacA, cagA, and iceA were (100%), (84.1%), and (34.1%) respectively. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the frequency and prevalence of these genes are differed and showed significant differences among them. Also, PCR test is sensitive and accurate for detection of H. pylori virulence genes.

scholarly journals Analysis of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes in Group B Streptococcus from clinical samples

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Mudzana ◽  
Rooyen T Mavenyengwa ◽  
Muchaneta Gudza-Mugabe
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background: Streptococcus agalacticae is one of the most important causative agents of serious infections among neonates. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) virulence factors are important in the development of vaccines, whilst antibiotic resistance genes are necessary in understanding the resistance mechanisms used by these pathogens. This study was carried out to identify the virulence genes and antibiotic resistance genes associated with GBS isolated from pregnant women.Methods: A total of 43 GBS isolates were obtained from vaginal samples that were collected from all HIV positive and HIV negative women who were 13-35 weeks pregnant attending Antenatal Care at both Chitungwiza and Harare Central Hospitals in Zimbabwe. Identification tests of GBS isolates was done using standard bacteriological methods including molecular tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing using 3 antibiotics was done using the modified Kirby-Bauer method. The boiling method was used to extract DNA and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to screen for 13 genes in the isolates. Data was fed into SPSS 24.0 and the Spearman rank correlation test used to determine any correlation among genes.Results: Nine distinct virulence gene profiles were identified. The profiles hly-scpB-bca-rib 37.2% (16/43) and hly-scpB-bca 18.6% (8/43) were common among GBS isolates. The following virulence gene frequencies were obtained namely hly 97.8% (42/43), scpB 90.1% (39/43), bca 86.0% (37/43), rib 69.8% (30/43) and bac 11.6% (5/43). Antibiotic resistance genes showed high frequencies for tetM 97.6% (41/42) and low frequencies for ermB 34.5% (10/29), ermTR 10.3% (3/29), mefA 3.4% (1/29), tetO 2.4% (1/42) and linB 0% (0/35). The atr housekeeping gene amplification yielded 100% (43/43) positive results, whilst the mobile genetic element IS1548 yielded a low 9.3% (4/43).Conclusion: The study showed a high prevalence of multiple virulence genes hly, scpB, bca and rib in S. agalactiae strains isolated from pregnant women. Tetracycline resistance was found to be predominantly caused by the tetM gene, whilst macrolide resistance was predominantly due to the presence of erm methylase, with the ermB gene being more prevalent. It was also observed that in vitro phenotypic resistance is not always accurately predicted by resistance genotypes.

scholarly journals Virulence and antibiotic resistance profile of avian Escherichia coli strains isolated from colibacillosis lesions in central of Algeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1840-1848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nacima Meguenni ◽  
Nathalie Chanteloup ◽  
Angelina Tourtereau ◽  
Chafika Ali Ahmed ◽  
Saliha Bounar-Kechih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Iron Acquisition ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Resistance Profile ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
Embryo Lethality

Background and Aim: Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli cause extensive mortality in poultry flocks, leading to extensive economic losses. To date, in Algeria, little information has been available on virulence potential and antibiotics resistance of avian E. coli isolates. Therefore, the aim of this study was the characterization of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance profile of Algerian E. coli strains isolated from diseased broilers. Materials and Methods: In this study, 43 avian E. coli strains isolated from chicken colibacillosis lesions at different years were analyzed to determine their contents in 10 virulence factors by polymerase chain reaction, antimicrobial susceptibility to 22 antibiotics belonging to six different chemical classes and genomic diversity by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results: Mainly E. coli isolates (58.1%) carried two at six virulence genes and the most frequent virulence gene association detected were ompT (protectin), hlyF (hemolysin) with 55.8% (p<0.001), and iroN, sitA (iron acquisition/uptake systems), and iss (protectin) with 41.8% (p<0.001). Some strains were diagnosed as virulent according to their virulence gene profile. Indeed, 23.25% of the isolates harbored iroN, ompT, hlyF, iss, and sitA combination, 14% ompT, hlyF, and frzorf4 (sugar metabolism), and 11,6% iroN, hlyF, ompT, iss, iutA (iron acquisition/uptake systems), and frzorf4. The chicken embryo lethality assay performed on five isolates confirmed the potential virulence of these strains. All isolates submitted to PFGE analysis yielded different genetic profiles, which revealed their diversity. Overall, 97.2% of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic and 53.5% demonstrated multi-antimicrobial resistance to three different antimicrobial classes. The highest resistance levels were against nalidixic acid (83.4%), amoxicillin and ampicillin (83.3%), ticarcillin (80.5%), pipemidic acid (75%), and triméthoprim-sulfamethoxazole (66.6%). For beta-lactam class, the main phenotype observed belonged to broad-spectrum beta-lactamases. However, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase associated with three at six virulence factors was also detected in 13 isolates. Two of them were attested virulent as demonstrated in the embryo lethality test which constitutes a real public threat. Conclusion: It would be imperative in avian production to discourage misuse while maintaining constant vigilance guidelines and regulations, to limit and rationalize antimicrobial use.

scholarly journals Concurrent detection of cagA, vacA, sodB and hsp60 virulence genes and their relationship with clinical outcomes of disease in Helicobacter pylori isolated strains of southwest of Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansour Amin ◽  
Ali Akbar Shayesteh ◽  
Amirarsalan Serajian
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Bacterial Virulence ◽  
The Difference ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Southwest Of Iran

Background and Objectives: Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative spiral-shaped bacterium that contaminates more than half of the world's inhabitants, and infection with this bacterium is associated with some gastric disorders. Also, 5% to 10% of H. pylori genes are specific to this bacterium and many bacterial virulence factors fall into this group. The cagA, vacA, sodB and hsp60 are among important virulence factors of H. pylori. Materials and Methods: A gastric biopsy specimen was taken from 341 gastric patients and cultivated on a Colombia agar plate, containing various antibiotics, such as vancomycin, amphotericin B, and trimethoprim & polymyxin B, and incubated for 3 to 10 days under microaerophilic conditions at 37°C. PCR was used to detect the ureC, cagA, vacA, sodB and hsp60 genes. Results: In this study, 131 isolates were identified as H. pylori. The prevalence of cagA, vacA, sodB and hsp60 were 74%, 100%, 92.4% and 96.2%, respectively. The correlation between the clinical forms of the disease and the virulence genes were analyzed by statistical tests and no significant correlation was found. Conclusion: The obtained results are similar to some studies conducted in different parts of the world and is different in other cases. This discrepancy is due to the difference in the type of gastric disorders, sample size and methodology.

scholarly journals Resistotype of Helicobacter pylori isolates: the impact on eradication outcome

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 703-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanafiah Alfizah ◽  
Ahmad Norazah ◽  
Razlan Hamizah ◽  
Mohamed Ramelah
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Eradication Therapy ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Nonsense Mutations ◽  
Metronidazole Resistance ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
The Impact

Antibiotic resistance is increasing worldwide, and it has been regarded as the main factor reducing the efficacy of Helicobacter pylori therapy. The aim of this study was to determine the phenotype and genotype of antibiotic-resistant strains of H. pylori in the Malaysian population and to evaluate the impact of antibiotic resistance to eradication outcome. One hundred and sixty-one H. pylori isolates were analysed in this study. Metronidazole, clarithromycin, fluoroquinolone, amoxicillin and tetracycline susceptibilities were determined by Etest. PCR followed by DNA sequencing was carried out to determine mutations. The medical records of the patients infected with resistant strains were reviewed to determine the eradication outcome. Metronidazole resistance was encountered in 36.6 % of H. pylori isolates, whereas clarithromycin and fluoroquinolone resistance was observed in 1.2  and 1.9 % of isolates, respectively. All strains tested were susceptible to amoxicillin and tetracycline. Frameshift and nonsense mutations in rdxA and frxA genes resulting in stop codons contributed to metronidazole resistance, which leads to reduced eradication efficacy. A2142G and A2143G mutations of 23S rRNA were identified as causing failure of the eradication therapy. Mutation at either codon 87 or 91 of the gyrA gene was identified in fluoroquinolone-resistant strains. However, the effect of resistance could not be assessed. This study showed that frameshift and nonsense mutations in rdxA or frxA genes and point mutations in the 23S rRNA affected the efficacy of H. pylori eradication therapy.

scholarly journals Virulence factors and antibiotic resistance of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in eastern China

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojing Xu ◽  
Qing Sun ◽  
Lixiang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Important Data ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli

Abstract Introduction Avian pathogenicEscherichia coli (APEC) causes serious colibacillosis and significant economic losses. Data on profiles of virulence factors and antibiotic resistances among APEC strains are crucial to the control of infection. In this study, strains were isolated from eastern China, and the prevalence of virulence factors and distribution of antibiotic resistance were determined. Material and Methods APEC strains were isolated and characterised by PCR for O serogroups, virulence factor genes, antibiotic resistance, and phylogenetic groups. Results O78 was the most prevalent serogroup and type A was the most frequent phylogenetic group. ThefimH,feoB, andiron genes were the most prevalent among the isolates. All isolates were multiresistant, and all strains were resistant to ampicillin and tetracycline, which are widely used in the poultry industry in China. Conclusion This study provided important data on the presence of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance profiles of APEC from poultry farms in eastern China.

scholarly journals Analysis of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes in Group B Streptococcus from clinical samples

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Mudzana ◽  
Rooyen T Mavenyengwa ◽  
Muchaneta Gudza-Mugabe
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background : Streptococcus agalacticae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is one of the most important causative agents of serious infections among neonates. GBS virulence factors are important in vaccine development, whilst antibiotic resistance genes are necessary in understanding the resistance mechanisms used by pathogens. This study was carried out to identify virulence genes and antibiotic resistance genes associated with GBS isolated from pregnant women. Methods: A total of 43 GBS isolates were obtained from 420 vaginal samples collected from HIV positive and negative women who were 13-35 weeks pregnant attending Antenatal Care at Chitungwiza and Harare Central Hospitals in Zimbabwe. Identification tests of GBS isolates was done using standard bacteriological methods including molecular tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing using 3 antibiotics was done using the modified Kirby-Bauer method. The boiling method was used to extract DNA and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to screen for 13 genes. Data was fed into SPSS 24.0 and the Spearman rank correlation test used to determine correlation among genes. Results: Nine distinct virulence gene profiles were identified. The profiles hly-scpB-bca-rib 37.2% (16/43) and hly-scpB-bca 18.6% (8/43) were common. The following virulence gene frequencies were obtained namely hly 97.8% (42/43), scpB 90.1% (39/43), bca 86.0% (37/43), rib 69.8% (30/43) and bac 11.6% (5/43). High resistance to tetracycline 97.7% (42/43) was reported followed by clindamycin 55.8% (24/43) and erythromycin 30.2% (13/43). Antibiotic resistance genes among the resistant and intermediate-resistant isolates showed high frequencies for tetM 97.6% (41/42) and low frequencies for ermB 34.5% (10/29), ermTR 10.3% (3/29), mefA 3.4% (1/29), tetO 2.4% (1/42) and linB 0% (0/35). The atr housekeeping gene yielded 100% (43/43) positive results, whilst the mobile genetic element IS1548 yielded 9.3% (4/43). Conclusion: The study showed high prevalence of multiple virulence genes hly, scpB, bca and rib in S. agalactiae strains isolated from pregnant women. Tetracycline resistance was found to be predominantly caused by the tetM gene, whilst macrolide resistance was predominantly due to the presence of erm methylase, with the ermB gene being more prevalent. It was also observed that in vitro phenotypic resistance is not always accurately predicted by resistance genotypes.

Prevalence of β-lactam and fluoroquinolone resistance, and virulence factors in Escherichia coli isolated from chickens in Slovakia

Biologia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Drugdová ◽  
Vladimír Kmeť
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Food Markets ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Plasmid Replicon ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Plasmid Replicons

AbstractThe incidence of infections due to organisms resistant to β-lactam antibiotics has increased sharply in recent years. The goal of this study was to investigate the β-lactam resistance in 151 Escherichia coli strains isolated from chickens over a two-year period. Extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) were present in 24 strains (16%), ESBL phenotype was identified by interpretative reading of minimal inhibitory concentration values of ceftriaxon (CRT ≥ 7.1 mg/L), ceftazidime (CAZ ≥ 3.4 mg/L) and ceftiofur (CFF ≥ 8.7 mg/L). PCR detection revealed the presence of the bla CMY-2 gene and CTX-M-1 group. We detected high resistance to ampicillin (92%), streptomycin (63%), tetracyclin (70%), ceftiofur (40%), floroquinolones (enrofloxacin 68%, ciprofloxacin 62%), florfenicol (18%), chloramphenicol (21%) and cotrimoxazol (43%). We also investigated the presence of virulence factors and mobile genetic elements, and performed plasmid replicon typing in 24 selected strains. The most prevalent integrase among the isolates was the integrase 1 with gene cassettes dfrA, aadA and genes sul1 and sul2. Plasmid mediated quinolone resistances (qnrS) were also detected in two strains. Plasmid typing showed that the Y and IncI1 were dominant plasmid replicons. The genes iss, kpsII, tsh, iutA were the most frequently detected virulence genes in ESBL-positive strains. These results demonstrate that broilers in Slovakian food markets and farms could be the source of ESBL-producing E. coli, as well as virulent and resistant strains representing a potential risk for the human population.

scholarly journals Determination of Antibiotic Resistance Profile and Virulence Genes in Escherichia coli Isolates from Palestinian Patients

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ghaleb Adwan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Class 1

Introduction: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is considered one of the most frequent intestinal and extraintestinal pathogen. Methods:  A total of 49 isolates of E. coli were collected from different clinical samples, from different hospitals in Northern West Bank-Palestine, during January-March 2019. Aims: To detect the distribution of Type III secretion system (T3SS) genes, class 1, 2 and 3 integrons, virulence factors (fyuA, papGIII, iutA and sfa⁄foc) using multiplex PCR and antibiotic resistance using disc diffusion method. Results: In this study, E. coli isolates showed high resistance rate against different types of antibiotics and 71.4% of the isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR). Only class 1 integron was detected in these isolates with prevalence 57%, and 65.7% of MDR isolates carried integron genes. The prevalence of T3SS genes was 0.0%. In addition, results of this study showed that the prevalence of virulence genes papGIII, sfa⁄foc, fyuA and iutA was 4.1%, 40%, 64%, and 79.6%, respectively. Conclusions: The isolates of E. coli showed high resistance rate against different types of antibiotics. The co-occurrence of class 1 integrons and antimicrobial resistance genes in these isolates is an additional threat for spread of the antimicrobial resistance traits which may further complicate future strategies for treatment the infections caused by this pathogen. In addition, E. coli isolated from Palestinian patients showed one or more virulence factors that could increase their pathogenic potential.

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