scholarly journals Seed Morphometry of Native Indonesian Orchids in the Genus Dendrobium

Scientifica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Sucipto Hariyanto ◽  
Intan Ayu Pratiwi ◽  
Edy Setiti Wida Utami
Keyword(s):  
Pole Position ◽  
Yellow Light ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Apical Pole ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Air Space ◽  
Yellow Orange ◽  
Basal Pole ◽  
Qualitative Characters ◽  
Seed Morphometry

In this study, seeds of 10 species of epiphytic orchids were examined using light and scanning electron microscope. Quantitative and qualitative characters were analyzed. All the presently investigated seeds showed are transparent with visible embryo and remarkable embryo color variations (such as pale yellow, light yellow, shiny yellow to yellow, orange, and white). The species showed two groups in seed shape (fusiform and filiform), prolate and oval-shaped embryo, positioned at the center of the long axis and near apical pole. Embryo in prolate shaped and near apical pole position was only in D. antennatum. Based on our investigation, there are variations in seed and embryo volume as well as percentage air space in different taxa of orchids. The highest air space percentages were found in D. leporinum. According to the ornamentation of testa cells, 3 types of seeds were discovered in this genus. Additionally, the clear variation in the testa ornamentation pattern includes the species of D. leporinum, where the testa cells were in the medial regular rectangles, but in the apical and basal pole they are polygonal and irregularly oriented; the testa cells of D. antennatum are polygonal and irregularly oriented and those of D. purpureum are longitudinally oriented with regular rectangles.

scholarly journals Variations in seed micromorphology and morphometry of native Indonesian Phalaenopsis and Paphiopedilum orchids

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sucipto Hariyanto
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Rectangular Cell ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Morphometric Features ◽  
Air Space ◽  
Qualitative Characters ◽  
Seed Micromorphology ◽  
Seed Width ◽  
Embryo Length

Abstract. Hariyanto S. 2019. Variations in seed micromorphology and morphometry of native Indonesian Phalaenopsis and Paphiopedilum orchid. Biodiversitas 20: 3559-3567. Seeds of ten taxa of the genera Phalaenopsis and Paphiopedilum orchids were studied using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Qualitative characters (seed and embryo shape, seed and embryo colour, ornamentation of testa cell, testa cell wall shape) as well as quantitative data (seed and embryo length, seed and embryo width, seed and embryo volume, seed length/seed width, embryo length/embryo width, seed volume/embryo volume and air space) were analysed. Seeds of all studied taxa were fusiform in shape and had smooth testa surfaces. Phalaenopsis testa cells were elongated with cylindrical cell walls, while Paphiopedilum testa cells were polygonal with thin and flat rectangular cell walls. The shape of the embryos was generally ovoid in Phalaenopsis and prolate in Paphiopedilum. Seed colors ranged from brown to dark brown. Embryo colors varied from light yellow, yellowish-brown, dark brown, black and white. Based on our investigation, there are variations in seed and embryo length, seed and embryo width, seed and embryo volume as well as the percentage of the air space, both in Phalaenopsis and Paphiopedilum. In general, the values of seed volume, embryo volume and air space in Paphiopedilum are higher than in Phalaenopsis. Together, the results of the study indicate that morphological and morphometric features can serve to identify live forms and distinguish between species.

Survey, Identification and Evaluation of biodiversity of Seabuckthorn (Hippophae salicifolia) in hills of Uttarakhand

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjit Singh ◽  
S.K. Dwivedi ◽  
Madhu Bala
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Gene Bank ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Yellow Light ◽  
Field Station ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Hippophae Salicifolia ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Yellow Orange

ABSTRACTExtensive studies were carried out during 2017-2019 to evaluate the Hippophae salicifolia (Seabuckthorn) biodiversity in Uttarakhand for their physico-chemical/biochemical parameters of ripe fruits like acidity (1.78-3.01 %), pH (2.15-2.87), Vitamin ‘C’ (271-494mg/100g), Total soluble solids (5.1-9.8) etc. Variation was also observed in fruit color (light yellow, yellow, light yellow orange, orange and orange red), fruit size (length 6.29-8.77mm, width 4.80-7.59mm), Juice (44.23-76.18%), Pomace (8.01-28.30%) and seed (6.8-21.1%). On the basis of above parameters, promising morphotypes were identified and conserved at field gene bank at DIBER field station, Auli (Joshimath) 3142m AMSL.

Mycosphaerella citri. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Inoculum Source ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Black Spots ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Yellow Orange ◽  
Fallen Leaves ◽  
Small Blister

Abstract A description is provided for Mycosphaerella citri. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Citrus spp. DISEASE: Greasy spot of Citrus (black melanose or greasy melanose); greasy spot rind blotch has been proposed to cover all the symptoms on fruits (52, 1145). The leaves bear small blister like areas, mostly hypophyllous; these spots are at first a translucent, light yellow orange, becoming necrotic. In the field they resemble irregular flecks of dirty grease on both leaf surfaces. Most of the leaf may be affected and infected leaves fall. Very small black spots are caused on the fruits, forming an unsightly blemish; they are accentuated by delayed colouring of the rind due to retention of chlorophyll in the adjacent living cells (50, 2280; 52, 1145). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: USA (Florida.). The disease was known for many years in USA before its aetiology was determined (50, 1231); and had been erroneously attributed to Cercospora citri-grisea Fisher (40, 752). A similar (or identical) disease in Japan (48, 155) had been attributed to Mycosphaerella horii Hara (see Tanaka et al. ; Yamada). In Florida M. citri was considered to differ from M. horii (50, 1231; 51, 3364); the former has smaller ascospores which are not constricted at the septa. TRANSMISSION: Air-borne ascospores from fallen leaves are thought to be the most important inoculum source (50, 1231).

Part VI Global Approach of State Aid Law—WTO Law and EU Trade Defence Instruments, 1 WTO Subsidy Laws: The International Regulation of State Aid

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kreuschitz Viktor ◽  
Nehl Hanns Peter
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Green Light ◽  
State Aid ◽  
Yellow Light ◽  
International Regulation ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Actionable Subsidies

This chapter focuses on the concepts of subsidy control under World Trade Organization (WTO), prohibiting certain types of subsidies that might have a harmful effect on economic activity in other WTO members. A major innovation of the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM Agreement) was the classification of subsidies into three categories, often referred to as ‘red light’, ‘yellow light’, and ‘green light’. ‘Red light’ subsidies are prohibited per se, with no need to actually prove any adverse effect. The ‘yellow light’ or ‘actionable subsidies’ are not prohibited, but may be challenged only if they cause ‘adverse effects’. Under the ‘green light’ category, certain selected types of subsidies were non-actionable even if they were specific and caused one of the harms listed in Articles 5 and 6 of the SCM Agreement.

scholarly journals Extent of variability in fruit morphological characters of local mango germplasm

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurbir Singh ◽  
Sukhdev Singh
Keyword(s):  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Fruit Colour ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Greenish Yellow ◽  
Orange Yellow ◽  
Fruit Skin ◽  
Yellow Orange ◽  
Medium Type

  A study was conducted on twenty five genotypes of seedling Mangoes to examine fruit morphological characters. Fruit shape of the evaluated germplasm varied enormously and fruits of obovoid, elliptic, round and oblong shapes were found. Fruit apex shape in the evaluated plants was round, acute and obtuse. Depth of fruit stalk cavity was either absent, shallow and of medium type, whereas, fruit neck prominence was absent to slightly prominent in the tested plants. Shape of fruit ventral shoulder was varied and found to be slopping abruptly, rising and then rounded and long curve type in the evaluated germplasm. Fruit beak varies from pointed to perceptible type and fruit sinus was absent to shallow type in the fruits from different plants. Fruit attractiveness varies from very good to excellent and fruit colour from greenish yellow to green colour of fruit skin at maturity was noted in fruits from selected trees. Peel colour of AA-15 was different amongst all the genotypes which were green with red blush. Pulp colour varied from light orange, yellow orange, orange yellow, yellow and light yellow, whereas, pulp texture was soft to intermediate in the evaluated germplasm. Key words: Mangifera indica; Genotype susceptibility; Punjab; India.  

Isolation and characterization of starch from light yellow, orange, and purple sweet potatoes

2020 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
pp. 660-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honglu Wang ◽  
Qinghua Yang ◽  
Uzizerimana Ferdinand ◽  
Xiangwei Gong ◽  
Yang Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Yellow Orange

Effect of photoreactivation on ultraviolet inactivation of Microcystis aeruginosa

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1224-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sakai ◽  
H. Katayama ◽  
K. Oguma ◽  
S. Ohgaki
Keyword(s):  
Microcystis Aeruginosa ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Yellow Light ◽  
Uv Treatment ◽  
Dna Damages ◽  
Sunlight Irradiation ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Uv Lamp ◽  
Incubation Method ◽  
Test Cultures

Microcystis aeruginosa forms algal bloom in lakes. They produce toxic compounds such as microcystin. Against such algal problems, the effect of UV treatment was examined. In UV treatment, the effect of photoreactivation should be examined. Photoreactivation is a repair mechanism of genomic DNA damage by sunlight irradiation. UV treatment causes DNA damages on target cyanobacteria, however sunlight can repair some of these DNA damages. To examine the effect of photoreactivation, both white and yellow light incubations were employed. White light allows both photoreactivation and photosynthesis, while yellow light prohibits photoreactivation and only allows photosynthesis. Microcystis aeruginosa NIES 98 strain and PCC 7806 strain were used as the test cultures. Those cultures were exposed to low-pressure (LP) or medium-pressure (MP) ultraviolet (UV) lamp, then incubated under white or yellow light. Yellow light incubation method was effective to examine photoreactivation. It was revealed that almost six times UV fluence was required to inactivate 99% of Microcystis aeruginosa, under photoreactivation condition, compared with non-photoreactivation condition. Inhibition of photoreactivation could greatly enhance UV treatment efficiency against Microcystis aeruginosa. One of the practical suggestions is to conduct UV treatment at night, when photoreactivation by sunlight rarely takes place. Highly efficient inactivation was achieved by avoiding photoreactivation.

Beta-blockers in patients with advanced cirrhosis: Red light, green light, yellow light…

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 725-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thoetchai Bee Peeraphatdit ◽  
Patrick S. Kamath ◽  
Vijay H. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Yellow Light ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Advanced Cirrhosis ◽  
Light Green

scholarly journals Variation in morphological traits of a selection of Indonesian winged bean accessions (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) and its analysis to assess genetic diversity among accessions

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Izmi Yulianah ◽  
Budi Waluyo ◽  
Sumeru Ashari ◽  
Kuswanto
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Winged Bean ◽  
Psophocarpus Tetragonolobus ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Open Flower ◽  
Its Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Characters ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. Yulianah I, Waluyo B, Ashari S, Kuswanto. 2020. Variation in morphological traits of a selection of Indonesian winged bean accessions (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) and its analysis to assess genetic diversity among accessions. Biodiversitas 21: 2991-3000. In Indonesia, winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.) is a traditional vegetable crop grown mainly for its edible green pods. Plant breeding programs aim to produce cultivars with high production and good nutritional qualities. The objective of this present study was to assess genetic diversity among 21 selected Indonesian winged bean lines based on observation of morphological characters. This was the first step in determining an appropriate breeding program for the development of improved vegetable cultivars. Twelve qualitative characters and eight quantitative variables were assessed for each of the 21 lines. Categorical differences among lines were observed in characters such as leaflet, pod and seed shape, pod surface texture, anthocyanin pigmentation of stem, flowers and pods. Several of these characters are useful as genetic markers, and cluster analysis of the 21 lines on the basis of qualitative characters enabled two distinct groupings to be identified. Quantitative variation across line means was also high for several of the quantitative variables (a coefficient of variation > 25% for pod length, number of pods per plant, and total pod weight per plant). Principal component analysis applied to the eight variables accounted for 86% of the total variation in just three components with eigenvalues > 1. On Component 1, the characters number of days to first open flower, pod length and pod weight were closely aligned with total weight of pods per plant. Number of pods per plant was not closely aligned with weight of pods per plant. This study has enabled broad differences between groups of lines to be categorized and has identified particular lines with characteristics that recommend them for inclusion as parents in inheritance studies designed to elucidate the contribution that individual characters make to overall productivity, attractiveness, and nutrition of this useful, high protein, vegetable species.

scholarly journals Begonia ’Crested‘: A new variety of Begonia from interspecific hybridization of Begonia sudjanae C.A Janson × Begonia puspitae Ardi

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Hartutiningsih-M Siregar ◽  
Sri Wahyuni ◽  
Mustaid Siregar ◽  
Sutomo Sutomo ◽  
I Nyoman Lugrayasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Stem Type ◽  
Qualitative Characters ◽  
Shape Characters ◽  
Variety Protection

Improvement of leaf shape characters in Begonia can be done through hybridization between two different species of Begonia. This study aims to produce a new variety of Begonia to better improve the quantitative, qualitative characters and increase its genetic diversity. The study was conducted in the green house of Bogor Botanic Gardens. Two native species of Indonesia, Begonia sudjanae C.A Janson as the female parent and Begonia puspitae Ardi as the male parent. The mature F1 seeds were sown and selections were made among the plants produced. Observation results the characteristics of the new variety Begonia Crested as follows: stem type rhizomatous, leaves simple, ovate, peltate with strongly undulate base. Leaves margin is crenate and apex is acuminate. Colour on the upper surface are yellow green group RHS Colour Chart: (YG 144 A) strong yellow green, colour of veins on upper side is (YG 144 D) light yellow green. Inflorescence peduncle with 20 cm long branched symmetrically. The name Begonia Crested as the selected F1 plants are propagated in a vegetative method with leaves cutting, registered on the Center of Plant Variety Protection (PPVTPP) by No. 846/PVHP/2020. This new variety is beautiful and exotic leaves ornamental Begonia which will be developed as commercials ornamental plants.

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