scholarly journals Variations in seed micromorphology and morphometry of native Indonesian Phalaenopsis and Paphiopedilum orchids

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sucipto Hariyanto
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Rectangular Cell ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Morphometric Features ◽  
Air Space ◽  
Qualitative Characters ◽  
Seed Micromorphology ◽  
Seed Width ◽  
Embryo Length

Abstract. Hariyanto S. 2019. Variations in seed micromorphology and morphometry of native Indonesian Phalaenopsis and Paphiopedilum orchid. Biodiversitas 20: 3559-3567. Seeds of ten taxa of the genera Phalaenopsis and Paphiopedilum orchids were studied using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Qualitative characters (seed and embryo shape, seed and embryo colour, ornamentation of testa cell, testa cell wall shape) as well as quantitative data (seed and embryo length, seed and embryo width, seed and embryo volume, seed length/seed width, embryo length/embryo width, seed volume/embryo volume and air space) were analysed. Seeds of all studied taxa were fusiform in shape and had smooth testa surfaces. Phalaenopsis testa cells were elongated with cylindrical cell walls, while Paphiopedilum testa cells were polygonal with thin and flat rectangular cell walls. The shape of the embryos was generally ovoid in Phalaenopsis and prolate in Paphiopedilum. Seed colors ranged from brown to dark brown. Embryo colors varied from light yellow, yellowish-brown, dark brown, black and white. Based on our investigation, there are variations in seed and embryo length, seed and embryo width, seed and embryo volume as well as the percentage of the air space, both in Phalaenopsis and Paphiopedilum. In general, the values of seed volume, embryo volume and air space in Paphiopedilum are higher than in Phalaenopsis. Together, the results of the study indicate that morphological and morphometric features can serve to identify live forms and distinguish between species.

scholarly journals Seed Morphometry of Native Indonesian Orchids in the Genus Dendrobium

Scientifica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Sucipto Hariyanto ◽  
Intan Ayu Pratiwi ◽  
Edy Setiti Wida Utami
Keyword(s):  
Pole Position ◽  
Yellow Light ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Apical Pole ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Air Space ◽  
Yellow Orange ◽  
Basal Pole ◽  
Qualitative Characters ◽  
Seed Morphometry

In this study, seeds of 10 species of epiphytic orchids were examined using light and scanning electron microscope. Quantitative and qualitative characters were analyzed. All the presently investigated seeds showed are transparent with visible embryo and remarkable embryo color variations (such as pale yellow, light yellow, shiny yellow to yellow, orange, and white). The species showed two groups in seed shape (fusiform and filiform), prolate and oval-shaped embryo, positioned at the center of the long axis and near apical pole. Embryo in prolate shaped and near apical pole position was only in D. antennatum. Based on our investigation, there are variations in seed and embryo volume as well as percentage air space in different taxa of orchids. The highest air space percentages were found in D. leporinum. According to the ornamentation of testa cells, 3 types of seeds were discovered in this genus. Additionally, the clear variation in the testa ornamentation pattern includes the species of D. leporinum, where the testa cells were in the medial regular rectangles, but in the apical and basal pole they are polygonal and irregularly oriented; the testa cells of D. antennatum are polygonal and irregularly oriented and those of D. purpureum are longitudinally oriented with regular rectangles.

An Improved Material-Mask Overlay Strategy for Topology Optimization of Structures and Compliant Mechanisms

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandini Jain ◽  
Anupam Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Multiple Solutions ◽  
Compliant Mechanisms ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Topology Design ◽  
Small Displacement ◽  
Rectangular Cell ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Overlay Method ◽  
Free Material

The honeycomb-based domain representation directly yields checkerboard and point flexure free optimal solutions to various topology design problems without requiring any supplementary suppression method. This is because the root cause behind the appearance of these pathologies, namely, the permitted single-point connectivity between contiguous subregions in rectangular-cell-based representation, is eliminated. The mesh-free material-mask overlay method further promises unadulterated “black and white” solutions in contrast to density interpolation schemes where the material is modeled between the “void” and “filled” states. Here, we propose improvements to the material-mask overlay method by judiciously increasing the number of material masks during a sequence of subsearches for the best solution. We used an alternative, mutation-based zero-order stochastic search, which, through a small population of solution vectors, can yield multiple solutions from a single search for nonconvex topology optimization formulations. Wachspress hexagonal cells are used as finite elements since they offer rich displacement interpolation functions. Singular solutions are penalized and filtered. With the improved material-mask overlay method, we showcase the synthesis using two classical small displacement problems each on optimal stiff structures and compliant mechanisms to illustrate the extraction of pathology-free, “black and white,” and multiple solutions.

scholarly journals Begonia ’Crested‘: A new variety of Begonia from interspecific hybridization of Begonia sudjanae C.A Janson × Begonia puspitae Ardi

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Hartutiningsih-M Siregar ◽  
Sri Wahyuni ◽  
Mustaid Siregar ◽  
Sutomo Sutomo ◽  
I Nyoman Lugrayasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Stem Type ◽  
Qualitative Characters ◽  
Shape Characters ◽  
Variety Protection

Improvement of leaf shape characters in Begonia can be done through hybridization between two different species of Begonia. This study aims to produce a new variety of Begonia to better improve the quantitative, qualitative characters and increase its genetic diversity. The study was conducted in the green house of Bogor Botanic Gardens. Two native species of Indonesia, Begonia sudjanae C.A Janson as the female parent and Begonia puspitae Ardi as the male parent. The mature F1 seeds were sown and selections were made among the plants produced. Observation results the characteristics of the new variety Begonia Crested as follows: stem type rhizomatous, leaves simple, ovate, peltate with strongly undulate base. Leaves margin is crenate and apex is acuminate. Colour on the upper surface are yellow green group RHS Colour Chart: (YG 144 A) strong yellow green, colour of veins on upper side is (YG 144 D) light yellow green. Inflorescence peduncle with 20 cm long branched symmetrically. The name Begonia Crested as the selected F1 plants are propagated in a vegetative method with leaves cutting, registered on the Center of Plant Variety Protection (PPVTPP) by No. 846/PVHP/2020. This new variety is beautiful and exotic leaves ornamental Begonia which will be developed as commercials ornamental plants.

scholarly journals Seed development stages of kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala L.) genotypes in Turkey

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Demir ◽  
A. Balkaya
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Seed Length ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Seed Width ◽  
Embryo Length

This research determined the stages of kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala L.) seed development in Samsun province, Turkey, between 2002 and 2003. Plants of inbred kale lines (55TE07, 55TK09, 52PE09, 61ÇY01 and 67DE01) were grown. On the basis of seed and embryo colour, seed morphology (seed length, seed width and embryo length), seed development can be divided into 7 discrete but contiguous stages. The germination rate of inbred lines was at its maximum, or near to its maximum, until the seed moisture declined to 50%. Germination rates reached a maximum level at 65 days after pollination (DAP). It was concluded that kale seeds should be harvested when pods became brown in stage 7 (65 DAP). This study will be used for comparisons with seed development in other Brassica species.  

Seed Micromorphology of Eleven Species of Pleione (Orchidaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 528 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-239
Author(s):  
ZHONGXUAN WANG ◽  
HAO ZHANG ◽  
SI QIN ◽  
LE YOU ◽  
JUNWEN ZHAI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Seed Length ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Seed Micromorphology ◽  
Seed Width

The micromorphological characteristics of the seeds of 11 species of Pleione have been studied, both qualitatively and quantitatively, to establish whether they are useful for systematic studies of the genus. The quantitative characteristics include seed length (0.237–0.626 μm), seed width (0.053–0.133 μm), seed length/width ratio (2.631–7.279), seed ridge thickness (1.4 E-3–4 E-3μm) and seed volume (1.88 E-4–3.06 E-3 μm3). The cluster analysis result agrees well with the results of previous systematic studies. The cluster analysis shows that: P. coronaria, P. forrestii and P. yunnanensis form a group, while the remaining eight species form a second group, with three subgroups, namely: P. limprichtii, P. pleionoides, P. formosana as group I; P. hookeriana and P. bulbocodioides as group II; and P. praecox, P. scopulorum and P. maculata for group III. All the Pleione species of Sect. Pleione and Sect. Humiles show the fusion of adjacent seed coat cells into a network. The shape of the seeds of P. praecox and P. maculata are very similar--being oval, and the mesh walls of their adjacent seed coat cells are not fused. Within these sections no clear pattern can be seen between the species, but the addition of further species might clarify the differences between Sect. Pleione and Sect. Humiles.

scholarly journals Phryna hamzaoglui Koç & Budak (Caryophyllaceae), a new species from Central Anatolia, Turkey

PhytoKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Murat Koç ◽  
Ümit Budak
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
New Species ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
General Morphology ◽  
Seed Micromorphology ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Scanning Electron

A new species Phrynahamzaoglui was discovered in Hekimhan (Turkey, Malatya province) where it grows on hillsides. The P.hamzaoglui and P.ortegioides were compared with each other in terms of their general morphology and seed micromorphology. Description, distribution, illustration and conservation status of the new species are given. Seed lateral and surface, cells, anticlinal cell walls, periclinal cell walls structures were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The images were captured with the 500×, 100×, and 40× objective lens for the details.

Visual Attraction as a Principle in Design of Mosquito Traps

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 118-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. O. Haufe
Keyword(s):  
Light Conditions ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Air Space ◽  
Ordinary Light ◽  
Visual Attraction ◽  
Pattern Comparison ◽  
Night And Day

A principle of visual attraction has been used in the design of mosquito traps for ecological studies. Tests in the field have shown that the design is efficient in capturing large numbers of mosquitoes in locations where ordinary light traps were unsatisfactory. Positive 24-hour attraction is achieved under naturally varying light conditions by using a black and white pattern that is superior in contrast to competing patterns in the environment. The sampling unit, in terms of air space, depends on the distance between contours in the pattern. Comparison with a suction trap under identical conditions show no significant differences in the ratio of empirically divided day to night catches. In very dark environments, a relatively uniform contrast in the pattern may be maintained between night and day with white light confined to the cylinder by collimators. Illumination in the yellow-red end of the spectrum reduces attraction to the pattern.

scholarly journals SYNOPSIS OF THE ASILID GENUS BLACODES

1893 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-34
Author(s):  
D. W. Coquillett
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Third ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Brown Stripe

Blacodes cristatus, n. sp.,♀Wholly black, the tibiæ slightly piceous. Head light gray pollinose, that in middle of the front dark brown; face moderately convex, mystax black and white, very dense and extending nearly to the antennæ first joint of antennæ slightly longer than the second; third joint lanceolate, three times as long as the second joint; style slender, slightly over half as long as the third joint. Thorax very convex, gray pollinose and marked with a broad blackish-brown geminate median stripe, which is considerably dilated outwardly behind the middle; on each side of this stirpe is a broad, irregular, blackish-brown stripe extending but little in front of the middle of the dorsum; the median brown stripe bears numerous black and light yellow pile, which, on the anterior portion, forms a nearly erect crest; bristles of thorax black and light yellow; pleura mottled light gray and dark brown pollinose, the pile white; the fan-like row of bristles in front of the halteres is white.

scholarly journals Variasi Karakter Biji dan Korelasinya dengan Kadar Minyak pada Plasma Nutfah Tanaman Bunga Matahari (Helianthus annus L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Anik Herwati ◽  
Tantri Dyah Ayu Anggraeni
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Breeding Programme ◽  
Seed Colour ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Seed Length ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Helianthus Annus ◽  
Qualitative Characters ◽  
Seed Width

<p>Tanaman bunga matahari (Helianthus annus L.) adalah salah satu tanaman penghasil minyak nabati yang sehat dan bermutu. Salah satu upaya peningkatan produksi minyak adalah dengan program pemuliaan ta-naman melalui perakitan varietas unggul yang mempunyai produktivitas dan kandungan minyak tinggi. Pro-ses pemuliaan tanaman memerlukan keragaman genetik dan proses seleksi. Oleh karena itu evaluasi sumber daya genetik yang ada perlu dilaksanakan, salah satunya pada karakter biji. Sedangkan untuk memudahkan proses seleksi perlu diketahui karakter yang berkorelasi positif dengan produksi minyak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui variasi karakter biji dan korelasinya dengan kadar minyak. Kegiatan dilaksanakan pada tahun 2011 di Laboratorium Benih Balittas dan Laboratorium Kimia Universitas Brawijaya untuk uji ka-dar minyak. Jumlah aksesi bunga matahari yang diuji ada 19 aksesi bunga matahari hasil rejuvenasi tahun 2011. Dari tiap aksesi, diambil 300 gram benih hasil panen yang belum disortir, yang diambil secara acak dan diulang 3 kali. Pengamatan dilakukan pada karakter kualitatif yaitu warna biji, garis pada biji, dan ben-tuk biji, dan karakter kuantitatif yaitu bobot 100 biji, panjang, dan lebar biji, serta kadar minyak. Hasil pe-ngamatan pada karakter kualitatif menunjukkan variasi pada warna biji, garis (stripes), dan bentuk biji. Pada karakter kuantitatif, nilai koefisien keragaman (KK) pada semua karakter yang diamati mencapai lebih dari 20%. Karakter yang paling bervariasi adalah kadar minyak biji. Hasil pengujian korelasi menunjukkan karak-ter bobot 100 biji berkorelasi positif dengan karakter panjang, lebar, dan bentuk biji, dan berkorelasi negatif dengan karakter kandungan minyak. Sedangkan ukuran biji dan kadar minyak tidak menunjukkan korelasi yang nyata.</p><p> </p><p>Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) is one of vegetable oil crops that produce healthy and high quality oil. In-creasing oil content could be reached by breeding programme to obtain new variety with high productivity and oil content. Breeding programme needs genetic diversity and selection process. So, germplasm evalu-ation, especially for seed characteristic must be done. To make selection process easier determination cha-racters that correlate with oil content needs to be conducted. This experiment aimed to evaluate variation in seed characteristics and to determine correlation between seed characters and oil content on sunflowers. Experiment was done in 2011 on Seed Laboratory ISFCRI and Brawijaya University Laboratory (oil content extraction). Plant materials are 19 s unflower accesions. For each accesion, 300 grams seed were taken ran-domly and replicated 3 times. Observation was done on qualitative characters i.e. seed colour, seed stripes, and seed shape and quantitative characters i.e. 100 seeds weight, seed length, and seed width, also oil con-tent. Result showed that there were variations among seed colour, seed stripes, and seed shape (qualitative characters). Coefficient variation (CV) was more than 20% for all quantitative characters and the highest was being reached by oil content. Correlation evaluation resulted that 100 seeds weight had positive corre-lations with seed length, seed width, and seed shape, but had a negative correlation with oil content. How-ever, seed size wasn’t correlate with oil content.</p>

scholarly journals Achene Morphology and Anatomy of Clematis L. (Ranunculaceae) in Korea and Its Taxonomic Implications

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1279
Author(s):  
Balkrishna Ghimire ◽  
Beom Kyun Park ◽  
Dong Chan Son ◽  
Seung-Hwan Oh
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Electron And Light Microscopy ◽  
Qualitative Characters ◽  
Taxonomic Point

Clematis, a widely distributed genus in Ranunculaceae, is one of the most difficult groups of taxa in the family from a taxonomic point of view. A comprehensive study on achene morphology and the anatomy of 19 taxa of Clematis from Korea was carried out using scanning electron and light microscopy to evaluate the taxonomic significance of achene characters. Clematis achenes are elliptical, obovate or fusiform in shape, light yellow or brown to black in color and completely or sparsely covered with hairs. The permanent style is elongated and plumose in all the studied taxa except C. brachyura. We found that the size, indument, permanent style, surface sculpture, shape in cross-section, and nature and thickness of the exocarp, and endocarp were valuable achene features for species delimitation and may contribute to the unraveling of the taxonomic problems in the genus Clematis. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the quantitative achene variables among the species were highly significant (p < 0.001). Principal component analyses based on seven quantitative characters and UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean) analysis based on seven quantitative and 18 qualitative characters also signify the utility of achene features for taxonomic discriminations of the Clematis taxa within the genus. Similar to other morphological characters in the genus Clematis, achene morphological and anatomical characters with the limited taxonomic value alone cannot be expected to resolve the infrageneric relationships but certain achene features combined with other morphological features could be useful as an alternative means of determining the infrageneric relationships within the genus.

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