scholarly journals Nonperturbative and Thermal Dynamics of Confined Fields in Dual QCD

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
H. C. Chandola ◽  
Deependra Singh Rawat ◽  
Dinesh Yadav ◽  
H. C. Pandey ◽  
H. Dehnen
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Flux Tube ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Lead Ion ◽  
Condensed State ◽  
Large Sphere ◽  
Thermal Dynamics ◽  
Flux Tubes ◽  
Qcd Vacuum ◽  
Magnetic Symmetry

In order to study the detailed dynamics and associated nonperturbative features of QCD, a dual version of the color gauge theory based on a topologically viable homogeneous fibre bundle approach has been analysed taking into account its magnetic symmetry structure. In the dynamically broken phase of magnetic symmetry, the associated flux tube structure on a S2 sphere in the magnetically condensed state of the dual QCD vacuum has been analyzed for the profiles of the color electric field using flux quantization and stability conditions. The color electric field has its intimate association with the vector mode of the magnetically condensed QCD vacuum, and such field configurations have been analyzed to show that the color electric flux gets localized towards the poles for a large sphere case while it gets uniformly distributed for the small sphere case in the infrared sector of QCD. The critical flux tube densities have been computed for various couplings and are shown to be in agreement with that for lead-ion central collisions in the near infrared sector of QCD. The possible annihilation/unification of flux tubes under some typical flux tube density and temperature conditions in the magnetic symmetry broken phase of QCD has also been analyzed and shown to play an important role in the process of QGP formation. The thermal variation of the profiles of the color electic field is further investigated which indicates the survival of flux tubes even in the thermal domain that leads the possibility of the formation of some exotic states like QGP in the intermediate regime during the quark-hadron phase transition.

CRITICAL PARAMETERS OF PHASE TRANSITION IN DUAL QCD

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 2743-2752 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. CHANDOLA ◽  
DINESH YADAV ◽  
H. C. PANDEY ◽  
H. DEHNEN
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Flux Tube ◽  
Intermediate Energy ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Critical Flux ◽  
Flux Tubes ◽  
Qcd Vacuum ◽  
Color Confinement ◽  
Magnetic Symmetry ◽  
Dynamical Breaking

Color confinement is studied in dual version of SU (2) color gauge theory using its topological structure and the dynamical breaking of the magnetic symmetry which has been shown to effectively trigger the QCD monopole condensation in a dynamical way. The resulting flux tube structure of the QCD vacuum is explored which has been shown to lead to the perfect dual superconducting nature to the QCD vacuum in its dynamically broken phase. The analysis of the flux tube energy at different hadronic length scales has been shown to lead to the appearance of the strong confinement forces in QCD vacuum at large hadronic distances and an indication for the deconfinement phase at small scales. The analysis of the flux tube energy is then used to compute numerically the critical radius and the critical flux tube density of the phase transition from the flux tube phase to deconfined one inside hadrons. The numerical estimates are shown to be in fairly good agreement with the analytical values. The possible implications of these critical parameters on the formation of QGP as a result of the flux tubes fusion in intermediate energy regime are also discussed.

DYONIC FLUX TUBE STRUCTURE OF NONPERTURBATIVE QCD VACUUM

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (09) ◽  
pp. 1623-1635 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. CHANDOLA ◽  
H. C. PANDEY
Keyword(s):  
Flux Tube ◽  
Input Parameter ◽  
Gauge Potential ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Pair Correlations ◽  
Qcd Vacuum ◽  
Nonperturbative Qcd ◽  
Magnetic Symmetry ◽  
Tube Structure ◽  
Dyonic Condensation

We study the flux tube structure of the nonperturbative QCD vacuum in terms of its dyonic excitations by using an infrared effective Lagrangian and show that the dyonic condensation of QCD vacuum has a close connection with the process of color confinement. Using the fiber bundle formulation of QCD, the magnetic symmetry condition is presented in a gauge covariant form and the gauge potential has been constructed in terms of the magnetic vectors on global sections. The dynamical breaking of the magnetic symmetry has been shown to lead the dyonic condensation of QCD vacuum in the infrared energy sector. Deriving the asymptotic solutions of the field equations in the dynamically broken phase, the dyonic flux tube structure of QCD vacuum is explored which has been shown to lead the confinement parameters in terms of the vector and scalar mass modes of the condensed vacuum. Evaluating the charge quantum numbers and energy associated with the dyonic flux tube solutions, the effect of electric excitation of monopole is analyzed using the Regge slope parameter (as an input parameter) and an enhancement in the dyonic pair correlations and the confining properties of QCD vacuum in its dyonically condensed mode has been demonstrated.

scholarly journals Dual models of QCD and their implications

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Bhatt ◽  
H.C. Chandola ◽  
Deependra Singh Rawat ◽  
H.C. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Flux Tube ◽  
Zero Temperature ◽  
Projection Technique ◽  
Confinement Potential ◽  
Qcd Vacuum ◽  
Magnetic Symmetry ◽  
Magnetic Potentials ◽  
Dual Models

Some of the dual formulations of QCD are reviewed and analyzed for their possible implications especially in non-perturbative sector of QCD at zero temperature. Starting from the Nambu-Mandelstam idea and the ’t Hooft Abelian Projection technique, the effective formulations of QCD like the dual GinzburgLandau formulation and magnetic symmetry based dual QCD formulation have been analyzed in which dual magnetic potentials coupled with monopole field act as fundamental variables. The dual dynamics associated with these models is discussed in the quenched approximation and the analysis of symmetry breaking , flux tube configurations, confinement potential and nature of dual QCD vacuum is presented which establishes magnetic symmetry based dual QCD formulation as a more effective topological viable formulation for analysing the non-perturbative aspects of QCD.

scholarly journals Dual models of QCD and their implications

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Bhatt ◽  
H.C. Chandol ◽  
Deependra Singh Rawat ◽  
H.C. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Flux Tube ◽  
Zero Temperature ◽  
Projection Technique ◽  
Confinement Potential ◽  
Qcd Vacuum ◽  
Magnetic Symmetry ◽  
Magnetic Potentials ◽  
Dual Models

Some of the dual formulations of QCD are reviewed and analyzed for their possible implications especially in non-perturbative sector of QCD at zero temperature. Starting from the Nambu-Mandelstam idea and the ’t Hooft Abelian Projection technique, the effective formulations of QCD like the dual GinzburgLandau formulation and magnetic symmetry based dual QCD formulation have been analyzed in which dual magnetic potentials coupled with monopole field act as fundamental variables. The dual dynamics associated with these models is discussed in the quenched approximation and the analysis of symmetry breaking , flux tube configurations, confinement potential and nature of dual QCD vacuum is presented which establishes magnetic symmetry based dual QCD formulation as a more effective topological viable formulation for analysing the non-perturbative aspects of QCD.

High-performance near-infrared photodetectors based on C3N quantum dots integrated with single-crystal graphene

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Zhao ◽  
Xiaoqiang Feng ◽  
Menghan Zhao ◽  
Xiaohu Zheng ◽  
Zhiduo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Local Electric Field ◽  
Infrared Photodetectors ◽  
Photocurrent Response

Employing C3N QD-integrated single-crystal graphene, photodetectors exhibited a distinct photocurrent response at 1550 nm. The photocurrent map revealed that the fast response derive from C3N QDs that enhanced the local electric field near graphene.

The Time Response of Exponential Doping NEA InGaAs Photocathode Applied to near Infrared Streak Cameras

2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 1403-1406
Author(s):  
Wei Dong Tang ◽  
Wen Zheng Yang ◽  
Zhi Peng Cai ◽  
Chuan Dong Sun
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Quantum Efficiency ◽  
Active Layer ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Streak Camera ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Time Response ◽  
Transport Time ◽  
Minority Carriers

An exponential doping NEA InGaAs photocathode is theoretically proposed to apply in the near infrared streak camera. The photocathode time response is calculated and analyzed by using a photoelectron non-steady method. The numerical results show that the excited electrons in the InGaAs active layer is accelerated due to the built-in electric field induced by the exponential doping structure, which shortens the transport time of minority carriers in the photocathode and thus, the time response is greatly improved. In addition, the exponential doping InGaAs photocathode possesses time response of less than 10 picoseconds and near-infrared quantum efficiency of 10%.

scholarly journals Ion velocity distributions within the LLBL and their possible implication to multiple reconnections

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. L. Vaisberg ◽  
L. A. Avanov ◽  
T. E. Moore ◽  
V. N. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Flux Tube ◽  
Magnetic Flux Tube ◽  
Flux Tubes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Subsolar Point ◽  
Magnetic Flux Tubes ◽  
Ion Velocity ◽  
Field Lines

Abstract. We analyze two LLBL crossings made by the Interball-Tail satellite under a southward or variable magnetosheath magnetic field: one crossing on the flank of the magnetosphere, and another one closer to the subsolar point. Three different types of ion velocity distributions within the LLBL are observed: (a) D-shaped distributions, (b) ion velocity distributions consisting of two counter-streaming components of magnetosheath-type, and (c) distributions with three components, one of which has nearly zero parallel velocity and two counter-streaming components. Only the (a) type fits to the single magnetic flux tube formed by reconnection between the magnetospheric and magnetosheath magnetic fields. We argue that two counter-streaming magnetosheath-like ion components observed by Interball within the LLBL cannot be explained by the reflection of the ions from the magnetic mirror deeper within the magnetosphere. Types (b) and (c) ion velocity distributions would form within spiral magnetic flux tubes consisting of a mixture of alternating segments originating from the magnetosheath and from magnetospheric plasma. The shapes of ion velocity distributions and their evolution with decreasing number density in the LLBL indicate that a significant part of the LLBL is located on magnetic field lines of long spiral flux tube islands at the magnetopause, as has been proposed and found to occur in magnetopause simulations. We consider these observations as evidence for multiple reconnection Χ-lines between magnetosheath and magnetospheric flux tubes. Key words. Magnetospheric physics (magnetopause, cusp and boundary layers; solar wind-magnetosphere interactions)

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