scholarly journals Effects of Aqueous and Methanolic Extracts of Stem Bark of Alstonia boonei De Wild. (Apocynaceae) on Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carine Flore Adjouzem ◽  
Ateufack Gilbert ◽  
Marius Mbiantcha ◽  
William Yousseu Nana ◽  
Vanessa Matah Marthe Mba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Dextran Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Chemical Screening ◽  
Methanol Extracts

Among the most exploited species in Cameroon, Alstonia boonei is widely used in African medicine for the relief of several pathologies including gastrointestinal disorders. This study was conducted in order to assess the effects of aqueous and methanol stem-bark extracts of Alstonia boonei on DSS- (dextran sodium sulfate-) induced intestinal colitis and to determine its antioxidant potential. The classes of secondary metabolites present in these extracts were determined by chemical screening. The production of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and PGE2 was performed by in vitro ELISA analysis. Anticolitis effects were determined using an in vivo model of ulcerative colitis induced by DSS. The colitis was induced with a double dose of DSS (3% and 1%), and the aqueous and methanol extracts were administered orally from the 6th day after commencement of induction. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of six classes of secondary metabolites in these crude extracts: tannins, saponins, alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, and phenols. Methanol and aqueous extracts of Alstonia boonei significantly (P<0.001) inhibited TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and PGE2 production stimulated by LPS. Both extracts at all doses significantly reduced (P<0.01, P<0.001) the signs of DSS-induced colitis in the Wistar rats by decreasing inflammation and chronic colon damage. In addition, the extracts significantly (P<0.001) reduced malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels in the colon and significantly (P<0.01) increased superoxide dismutase and catalase and reduced glutathione (P<0.05). Both extracts showed greater activity than the reference substance (prednisolone 4 mg/kg) used in this study. This study has demonstrated that aqueous and methanol extracts of Alstonia boonei stem bark have healing properties against colitis experimentally induced by DSS in rats.

Malt1 blocks IL-1β production by macrophages in vitro and limits dextran sodium sulfate-induced intestinal inflammation in vivo

2018 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdis Monajemi ◽  
Yvonne C. F. Pang ◽  
Saelin Bjornson ◽  
Susan C. Menzies ◽  
Nico van Rooijen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Dextran Sodium Sulfate

scholarly journals Virtual Screening in Pharmacokinetics, Bioactivity, and Toxicity of the Amburana cearensis Secondary Metabolites

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 8471-8491
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Popular Medicine ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Bioprospecting has contributed to the work of pharmaceutical chemists in the development and commercial disposal of new drugs. Currently, the pharmaceutical industry has emphasized drugs produced from bioactive compounds extracted from natural sources, based on popular medicine discussed in the literature, such as secondary metabolites isolated from the stem bark and seeds of the Amburana cearensis, rich in coumarin derivatives, flavonoids, and phenolic acids and is popularly used in the treatment of respiratory diseases and with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant bioactivity. This review is a study of the structure/activity and structure/property (SAR/SPA) relationship with the physicochemical properties calculated by the algorithms of the MarvinSketch software for the secondary metabolites of A. cearensis, as well as their correlation with in silico test values the SwissADME and admetSAR 2.0 servers and in vitro and in vivo models of the dataset from the PreADMET, GUSAR Online and PASS Online servers. The results showed that substances derived from coumarin, flavonoids, and phenolic acids have attributes of good permeability and low efflux, which favor their oral bioavailability, since phenolic heterosides, amburoside analogs, and biflavonoids are effective in local action as subcutaneous application, constituting promising antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant therapeutic actions in their proper administration routes.

scholarly journals Graphene oxide exacerbates dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis via ROS/AMPK/p53 signaling to mediate apoptosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siliang Liu ◽  
Angao Xu ◽  
Yanfei Gao ◽  
Yue Xie ◽  
Zhipeng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Dextran Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
P53 Pathway ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Compound C

Abstract Background Graphene oxide (GO), a novel carbon-based nanomaterial, has promising applications in biomedicine. However, it induces potential cytotoxic effects on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract cells, and these effects have been largely uncharacterized. The present study aimed to explore the toxic effects of GO on the intestinal tract especially under pre-existing inflammatory conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and elucidate underlying mechanisms. Results Our findings indicated that oral gavage of GO worsened acute colitis induced by 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in mice. In vitro, GO exacerbated DSS-induced inflammation and apoptosis in the FHC cell line, an ideal model of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Further, the potential mechanism underlying GO aggravated mice colitis and cell inflammation was explored. Our results revealed that GO treatment triggered apoptosis in FHC cells through the activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/p53 pathway, as evidenced by the upregulation of cytochrome c (Cytc), Bax, and cleaved caspase-3 (c-cas3) and the downregulation of Bcl-2. Interestingly, pretreatment with an antioxidant, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, and a specific inhibitor of AMPK activation, Compound C (Com.C), effectively inhibited GO-induced apoptosis in FHC cells. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that GO-induced IECs apoptosis via ROS/AMPK/p53 pathway activation accounts for the exacerbation of colitis in vivo and aggravation of inflammation in vitro. These findings provide a new insight into the pathogenesis of IBD induced by environmental factors. Furthermore, our findings enhance our understanding of GO as a potential environmental toxin, which helps delineate the risk of exposure to patients with disturbed intestinal epithelial barrier/inflammatory disorders such as IBD.

scholarly journals Identification of Commensal Bacterial Strains That Modulate Yersinia enterocolitica and Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Inflammatory Responses: Implications for the Development of Probiotics

2007 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 3490-3497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia S. Frick ◽  
Kerstin Fink ◽  
Frauke Kahl ◽  
Maria J. Niemiec ◽  
Matteo Quitadamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Dextran Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Commensal Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Bifidobacterium Adolescentis ◽  
Enteric Infections

ABSTRACT An increasing body of evidence suggests that probiotic bacteria are effective in the treatment of enteric infections, although the molecular basis of this activity remains elusive. To identify putative probiotics, we tested commensal bacteria in terms of their toxicity, invasiveness, inhibition of Yersinia-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo, and modulation of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. The commensal bacteria Escherichia coli, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bacteroides vulgatus, Bacteroides distasonis, and Streptococcus salivarius were screened for adhesion to, invasion of, and toxicity for host epithelial cells (EC), and the strains were tested for their ability to inhibit Y. enterocolitica-induced NF-κB activation. Additionally, B. adolescentis was administered to mice orally infected with Y. enterocolitica and to mice with mucosae impaired by DSS treatment. None of the commensal bacteria tested was toxic for or invaded the EC. B. adolescentis, B. distasonis, B. vulgatus, and S. salivarius inhibited the Y. enterocolitica-induced NF-κB activation and interleukin-8 production in EC. In line with these findings, B. adolescentis-fed mice had significantly lower results for mean pathogen burden in the visceral organs, intestinal tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA expression, and loss of body weight upon oral infection with Y. enterocolitica. In addition, the administration of B. adolescentis decelerated inflammation upon DSS treatment in mice. We suggest that our approach might help to identify new probiotics to be used for the treatment of inflammatory and infectious gastrointestinal disorders.

scholarly journals Endothelium/Nitric Oxide Mediates the Vasorelaxant and Antihypertensive Effects of the Aqueous Extract from the Stem Bark ofMammea africanaSabine (Guttiferae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvine Pami Nguelefack-Mbuyo ◽  
Alain Bertrand Dongmo ◽  
Télesphore Benoît Nguelefack ◽  
Albert Kamanyi ◽  
Pierre Kamtchouing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Antihypertensive Effect ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Vasorelaxant Activity ◽  
Concentration Response Curve

This study evaluates the vasorelaxant and antihypertensive effects of the aqueous extract from the stem bark ofM. africana(AEMA). AEMA was testedin vitroon intact or endothelium-denuded rats’ aorta rings precontracted with KCl or norepinephrine in absence or in presence of L-NAME or glibenclamide. The effect of a single concentration (300 μg/mL) of AEMA was also examined on the concentration-response curve of KCl.In vivo, the antihypertensive effects of AEMA (200 mg/kg/day) were evaluated in male Wistar rats treated with L-NAME (40 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. AEMA relaxed aorta rings precontracted with NE or KCl with respective EC50 values of 0.36 μg/mL and 197.60 μg/mL. The destruction of endothelium or pretreatment of aorta rings with L-NAME shifted the EC50 of AEMA from 0.36 μg/mL to 40.65 μg/mL and 20.20 μg/mL, respectively. The vasorelaxant activity ofM. africanawas significantly inhibited in presence of glibenclamide. AEMA also significantly inhibited the concentration-response curve of KCl. Administered orally, AEMA induced acute and chronic antihypertensive effects and normalized renal NO level. These results show that the vasorelaxant activity of AEMA might be mediated by the activation of the NO-cGMP-ATP-dependent potassium channels pathway and might predominantly account for its antihypertensive effect.

scholarly journals Isolation, Identification and quantitative analysis of Ellagic acid: a tannin compound from Helicteres isora

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (03) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Ridhi Joshi ◽  
Ramraj Meena ◽  
Rishikesh Meena ◽  
Vidya Patni
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Ir Spectra ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Helicteres Isora

Plant derived secondary metabolites have widely attracted humans with great interest due to their immense medicinal and pharmacological properties. Ellagic acid, a natural phenolic compound found in many fruits exhibits both antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activity. Qualitative analysis of the plant samples of Helicteres isora showed the presence of ellagic acid in in vivo (stem bark) and in vitro (callus) samples. Presence of isolated ellagic acid was confirmed by superimposable IR spectra of isolated and authentic samples of ellagic acid. The ellagic acid was further identified and confirmed by using different techniques such as TLC (Rf 0.41), and HPLC (Rt =5.546 min) studies.

scholarly journals Graphene Oxide Exacerbates Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis via ROS/AMPK/p53 Signaling to Mediate Apoptosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siliang Liu ◽  
Angao Xu ◽  
Yanfei Gao ◽  
Yue Xie ◽  
Zhipeng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Dextran Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
P53 Pathway ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Compound C

Abstract Background: Graphene oxide (GO), a novel carbon-based nanomaterial, has promising applications in biomedicine. However, it induces potential cytotoxic effects on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract cells, and these effects have been largely uncharacterized. The present study aimed to explore the toxic effects of GO on the intestinal tract especially under pre-existing inflammatory conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and elucidate underlying mechanisms.Results: Our findings indicated that oral gavage of GO worsened acute colitis induced by 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in mice. In vitro, GO exacerbated DSS-induced inflammation and apoptosis in the FHC cell line, an ideal model of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Further, the potential mechanism underlying GO aggravated mice colitis and cell inflammation was explored. Our results revealed that GO treatment triggered apoptosis in FHC cells through the activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/p53 pathway, as evidenced by the upregulation of cytochrome c (Cytc), Bax, and cleaved caspase-3 (c-cas3) and the downregulation of Bcl-2. Interestingly, pretreatment with an antioxidant, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, and a specific inhibitor of AMPK activation, Compound C (Com.C), effectively inhibited GO-induced apoptosis in FHC cells.Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that GO-induced IECs apoptosis via ROS/AMPK/p53 pathway activation accounts for the exacerbation of colitis in vivo and aggravation of inflammation in vitro. These findings provide a new insight into the pathogenesis of IBD induced by environmental factors. Furthermore, our findings enhance our understanding of GO as a potential environmental toxin, which helps delineate the risk of exposure to patients with disturbed intestinal epithelial barrier/inflammatory disorders such as IBD.

Associated microflora of medicinal ferns: biotechnological potentials and possible applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 4927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubhi Srivastava ◽  
Paul A. K.
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Plant associated microorganisms that colonize the upper and internal tissues of roots, stems, leaves and flowers of healthy plants without causing any visible harmful or negative effect on their host. Diversity of microbes have been extensively studied in a wide variety of vascular plants and shown to promote plant establishment, growth and development and impart resistance against pathogenic infections. Ferns and their associated microbes have also attracted the attention of the scientific communities as sources of novel bioactive secondary metabolites. The ferns and fern alleles, which are well adapted to diverse environmental conditions, produce various secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, phenols, triterpenoid compounds, variety of amino acids and fatty acids along with some unique metabolites as adaptive features and are traditionally used for human health and medicine. In this review attention has been focused to prepare a comprehensive account of ethnomedicinal properties of some common ferns and fern alleles. Association of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere, phyllosphere and endosphere of these medicinally important ferns and their interaction with the host plant has been emphasized keeping in view their possible biotechnological potentials and applications. The processes of host-microbe interaction leading to establishment and colonization of endophytes are less-well characterized in comparison to rhizospheric and phyllospheric microflora. However, the endophytes are possessing same characteristics as rhizospheric and phyllospheric to stimulate the in vivo synthesis as well as in vitro production of secondary metabolites with a wide range of biological activities such as plant growth promotion by production of phytohormones, siderophores, fixation of nitrogen, and phosphate solubilization. Synthesis of pharmaceutically important products such as anticancer compounds, antioxidants, antimicrobials, antiviral substances and hydrolytic enzymes could be some of the promising areas of research and commercial exploitation.

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