scholarly journals Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in E. coli of Rats in the Region North East of Gabon

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Richard Onanga ◽  
Pierre Philippe Mbehang Nguema ◽  
Guy Roger Ndong Atome ◽  
Arsène Mabika Mabika ◽  
Berthelemy Ngoubangoye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
North East ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Animal Feces

Antibiotic resistance occurs in the environment by multiplication and the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria that would be due to an improper and incorrect use of antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of E.coli producing Extended-Spectrum beta-Lactamase (ESBL) antibiotics from rats and gregarious animals in a semirural area of Gabon and to evaluate the origin of a resistance distribution in the environment from animal feces. The bacterial culture was carried out, and the identification of E. coli strains on a specific medium and the antibiotic susceptibility tests allowed establishing the prevalence. Characterization of resistance genes was performed by gene amplification after DNA extraction. On 161 feces collected in rats, 32 strains were isolated, and 11 strains of E. coli produced ESBL with a prevalence of 34.37%. Molecular tests showed that CTX-M genes 214 bp were identified in rats. The presence of CTX-M genes could have a human origin. So, the rats can carry ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae which poses a risk to human health and pets in this region of Gabon.

scholarly journals Houseflies (Musca domestica) as Vectors for Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli on Spanish Broiler Farms

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 3604-3611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Solà-Ginés ◽  
Juan José González-López ◽  
Karla Cameron-Veas ◽  
Nuria Piedra-Carrasco ◽  
Marta Cerdà-Cuéllar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum

ABSTRACTFlies may act as potential vectors for the spread of resistant bacteria to different environments. This study was intended to evaluate the presence ofEscherichia colistrains resistant to cephalosporins in flies captured in the areas surrounding five broiler farms. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of the resistant population was performed by different methods: MIC determination, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and phylotyping. The presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes, their plasmid location, and the mobile genetic elements involved in their mobilization were studied. Additionally, the presence of 35 genes associated with virulence was evaluated. Out of 682 flies captured, 42 yielded ESBL-producingE. coli. Of these isolates, 23 containedblaCTX-M-1, 18 containedblaCTX-M-14, and 1 containedblaCTX-M-9. ESBL genes were associated mainly with the presence of the IncI1 and IncFIB replicons. Additionally, all the strains were multiresistant, and five of them also harboredqnrS. Identical PFGE profiles were found forE. coliisolates obtained from flies at different sampling times, indicating a persistence of the same clones in the farm environment over months. According to their virulence genes, 81% of the isolates were considered avian-pathogenicE. coli(APEC) and 29% were considered extraintestinal pathogenicE. coli(ExPEC). The entrance of flies into broiler houses constitutes a considerable risk for colonization of broilers with multidrug-resistantE. coli. ESBLs in flies reflect the contamination status of the farm environment. Additionally, this study demonstrates the potential contribution of flies to the dissemination of virulence and resistance genes into different ecological niches.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae in a Saudi Arabian tertiary hospital

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
pp. 282-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoda Hassan ◽  
Baha Abdalhamid
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
M Gene ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Vitek 2 ◽  
High Level

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli (E. coli), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), and Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis). In addition, different methods for detection of these enzymes, including the newly introduced CHROMagar ESBL, were evaluated. Methodology: A total of 382 Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates were obtained from King Fahad Specialist Hospital – Dammam, during 2011 and screened for production of ESBL using advanced expert system of Vitek 2, CHROMagar and ESBL-E-strips. PCR assay was used to detect blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M genes. Susceptibility to a panel of antibiotics was determined. Results: The overall proportion of ESBL-producing enterobacterial isolates was 30.6%, which was higher in E. coli (35.8%) than in K. pneumoniae (25.7%). ESBL genotypes showed remarkable increase in the CTX-M (97.4%) compared to SHV (23.1%). The predominant ESBL was CTX-M- 15 (92.1 %). No TEM ESBL was detected in this study. The Vitek2 showed the highest sensitivity (100%), and the CHROMagar had the lowest specificity (97.3%) compared to the molecular method. All isolates were susceptible to imipenem and meropenem. Conclusions: This study confirms a high level of blaCTX-M positive ESBL isolates are circulating in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. The trend of a multidrug-resistant profile associated with the recovery of the blaCTX-M gene is alarming.

Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli from Poultry

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
DB Barad ◽  
J H Purohit ◽  
B B Javia ◽  
H H Savsani ◽  
B S Mathapati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gujarat State ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Esbl Producers

The present study was undertaken with the objective of phenotypic and molecular characterization of extended-spectrum betalactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli isolates from poultry. A total of 300 cloacal swabs were collected, i.e., 200 from layer birds and 100 from broiler birds from three different farms in and around Junagadh district of Gujarat state. Out of 300 samples, 126 (42.00%) samples yielded E. coli. These isolates belonged to layer 85 (42.50%) and broiler 41 (41.00%) birds. Out of 126 isolates, 27 (21.43%) were confirmed as ESBL producers, i.e., 19 (22.35%) and 8 (19.51%) from layer and broiler birds, respectively, by initial screening of isolates for their susceptibility to any of the third and fourth generation cephalosporins or monobactam antibiotics by disc diffusion method and further confirmation by combination disc method using ESBL identification kits. Out of 27 phenotypically confirmed ESBL E. coli isolates blaTEM was detected in 21 (77.78%) and blaAmpC was detected in 15 (55.56%) isolates, while all the 27 isolates were found negative for the presence of blaSHV and blaCTXM genes. All the 27 isolates were found positive for either blaTEM or blaAmpC gene. Nine (33.33%) out of 27 isolates were found positive for both blaTEM and blaAmpC genes. The findings warrant the need for more strict regulations for usage of antibiotics in veterinary practices in order to prevent the emergence and dissemination of multidrug resistant E. coli pathogens among birds, animals, and humans.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of bla TEM and bla CTX-M in Multi-Drug Resistance E. coli isolated from Country Chicken and Country Chicken Eggs in Poultry Farms of Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Chicken Eggs

Over the years, multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli has contributed to the development of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBLs), which evolved primarily from poultry in every corner of the world. The unregulated use of antibiotics commonly administered to poultry products to prevent any subclinical infections that lead to multidrug resistance (MDR) that is due to acquired bacteria resistance. The main aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence in Malaysia of multidrug-resistant, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing E.coli from poultry country chicken and country eggs. In several states of Malaysia, fifty samples from country chicken and country chicken eggs were extracted randomly from chosen poultry. The sample was taken from May to June 2019. The samples were tested using traditional microbiological techniques for the presence of E. coli. Antibiotics susceptibility test using 5 forms of β-lactam antibiotics was used using the double-disk diffusion screening, and confirmation of the test is performed by a combination disk diffusion process to establish the strains generating the ESBL. Although, the phenotypic characterization of bla TEM and bla CTX-M ESBL was carried out using PCR and SDS methods. Twenty of the fifty samples collected were classified as E.coli (20/50), suggesting 40%. The results of the distribution of the β-lactamases genes were reported as bla TEM, bla CTX-M with results of 75% (3/4), and 100% (4/4), respectively. The findings indicate a high prevalence of multidrug resistance as the most prevalent of all ESBL genes in ESBL infections with CTX-M genes. Consequently, effective monitoring of MDR infections, in particular resistance to β-lactamases in poultry chicken, can predict the potential for ESBL infections in humans and animals.

scholarly journals Multidrug-Resistant, Including Extended-Spectrum Beta Lactamase-Producing and Quinolone-Resistant, Escherichia coli Isolated from Poultry and Domestic Pigs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 406
Author(s):  
Zuhura I. Kimera ◽  
Fauster X. Mgaya ◽  
Gerald Misinzo ◽  
Stephen E. Mshana ◽  
Nyambura Moremi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Domestic Pigs ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Phenotypic Profile ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Esbl Producers

We determined the phenotypic profile of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli isolated from 698 samples (390 and 308 from poultry and domestic pigs, respectively). In total, 562 Enterobacteria were isolated. About 80.5% of the isolates were E. coli. Occurrence of E. coli was significantly higher among domestic pigs (73.1%) than in poultry (60.5%) (p = 0.000). In both poultry and domestic pigs, E. coli isolates were highly resistant to tetracycline (63.5%), nalidixic acid (53.7%), ampicillin (52.3%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (50.9%). About 51.6%, 65.3%, and 53.7% of E. coli were MDR, extended-spectrum beta lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE), and quinolone-resistant, respectively. A total of 68% of the extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producers were also resistant to quinolones. For all tested antibiotics, resistance was significantly higher in ESBL-producing and quinolone-resistant isolates than the non-ESBL producers and non-quinolone-resistant E. coli. Eight isolates were resistant to eight classes of antimicrobials. We compared phenotypic with genotypic results of 20 MDR E. coli isolates, ESBL producers, and quinolone-resistant strains and found 80% harbored blaCTX-M, 15% aac(6)-lb-cr, 10% qnrB, and 5% qepA. None harbored TEM, SHV, qnrA, qnrS, qnrC, or qnrD. The observed pattern and level of resistance render this portfolio of antibiotics ineffective for their intended use.

scholarly journals Antibiotics Profile, Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL), and Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae from Different Clinical Samples in Khartoum State, Sudan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ehssan H. Moglad
Keyword(s):  
Tracheal Aspirate ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Different Sources

One of the global requirements for controlling the occurrence of resistance to antimicrobial drugs is to understanding the resistivity profile of various clinical isolates. Therefore, this study aimed to deliver the indication of different resistant profiles of clinically isolated Enterobacteriaceae from different sources of samples from Khartoum state, Sudan, and to determine the prevalence rate of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and pandrug-resistant (PDR) bacteria. A total of 144 Gram-negative bacteria were collected from different sources (vaginal swab, urine, catheter tip, sputum, blood, tracheal aspirate, pus, stool, pleural fluid, and throat swab). Samples were subcultured and identified according to their cultural characteristics and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed for twenty-four antibiotics from eleven categories against all isolated Enterobacteriaceae according to the recommendation of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The result showed that out of 144 isolates, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were predominant isolates with the percentage of 47.9 and 25%, respectively. The prevalence of ESBL was higher in K. pneumonia (38.9%) than E. coli (34.8%). All isolated E. coli were sensitive to nitrofurantoin and tigecycline. There was a high prevalence of MDR Enterobacteriaceae, and only one isolate was XDR, while PDR was zero for all isolated bacteria. Active antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) observation through constant data sharing and management of all stakeholders is crucial to recognize and control the AMR global burden. Also, effective antibiotic stewardship procedures would be applied to limit the unreasonable expenditure of antibiotics in Sudan.

scholarly journals Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Flies in the Urban Center of Berlin, Germany

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wibke Wetzker ◽  
Yvonne Pfeifer ◽  
Solvy Wolke ◽  
Andrea Haselbeck ◽  
Rasmus Leistner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Ciprofloxacin Resistance ◽  
Multiple Pathogens

Background: The monitoring of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in microorganisms that circulate in the environment is an important topic of scientific research and contributes to the development of action plans to combat the spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. As a synanthropic vector for multiple pathogens and a reservoir for AMR, flies can be used for surveillance. Methods: We collected 163 flies in the inner city of Berlin and examined them for extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli genotypically and phenotypically. Results: The prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli in flies was 12.9%. Almost half (47.6%) of the ESBL-positive samples showed a co-resistance to ciprofloxacin. Resistance to carbapenems or colistin was not detected. The predominant ESBL-type was CTX-M-1, which is associated with wildlife, livestock, and companion animals as a potential major source of transmission of MDR E. coli to flies. Conclusions: This field study confirms the permanent presence of ESBL-producing E. coli in an urban fly population. For continuous monitoring of environmental contamination with multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, flies can be used as indicators without much effort.

scholarly journals Detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing E. coli and Klebsiella spp. in effluents of different hospitals sewage in Biratnagar, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Mahato ◽  
Ajay Mahato ◽  
Elina Pokharel ◽  
Ankita Tamrakar
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Abstract Objective This study was aimed to determine prevalence and resistance pattern like multidrug resistant (MDR) or ESBL nature of E. coli and Klebsiella spp. from various sewage drain samples with an idea to deliver baseline information that could be utilized for defining guidelines for the treatment of hospital sewages. Results Of 10 sewage samples analyzed, 7 (70%) contained E. coli while 6 (60%) contained Klebsiella. Except one sample, all positive samples contained both E. coli and Klebsiella spp. E. coli isolates were resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, cefoxitin, cefuroxime, and cefpodoxime; while 85.7% were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanate, ceftazidime, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone. 71.4%, 57.1%, 42.9%, and 28.6% were resistant to aztreonam, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, nitrofurantoin, and gentamicin. Most were sensitive to chloramphenicol, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin. 85.7% and 57.1% of E. coli were MDR and ESBL isolates, respectively. Klebsiella were resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, and amoxicillin/clavulanate. 83.4% of Klebsiella were resistant to cefoxitin. 66.7% of strains were resistant to cefuroxime, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, and cefpodoxime. Klebsiella showed 50% resistant to aztreonam and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, while 33.3% were resistant to chloramphenicol, nitrofurantoin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. Klebsiella were sensitive to azithromycin and gentamicin. 66.7% and 33.3% of Klebsiella were MDR and ESBL isolates, respectively.

scholarly journals Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Meningitis and Cerebral Abscess in a Neonate: Therapeutic Challenge

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Surasak Puvabanditsin ◽  
Marianne Jacob ◽  
Maaz Jalil ◽  
Samhita Bhattarai ◽  
Qaiser Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Cerebral Abscess ◽  
Term Neonate ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Therapeutic Challenge ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum

We report a case of a 12-day-old term neonate with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) meningitis and cerebral abscess. The patient received a 7-day course of antibiotics just few days prior to the infection. The incidence of infections from ESBL-producing E. coli is increasingly emerging. Antimicrobial agents must be vigilantly utilized to prevent the new highly resistant bacteria.

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