The Study of Clustering Effects of Behavior Risk Factors in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome in Southern China: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objectives. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is now becoming a serious public health threat. Some behaviors risk factors were considered to be associated with MetS and interacted to adversely affect MetS. However, the clustering effects of behavior risk factors of MetS among Chinese population remain unclear. The aim of this study is to observe the behavior risk factors and their clustering effects of MetS in China. Methods. A cross-sectional study design was used. Subjects were recruited in the departments of Cardiology Clinic, Endocrine Clinic, and Health Management from March to December 2019. A demographic sheet was designed to collect the demographic and clinical characteristics of the subjects. International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short was applied to evaluate the level of PA in this study. Other behavior risk factors were observed by the questionnaire. The stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the determinants of MetS. The multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the clustering effects of behavior risk factors in MetS. Results. There are a total of 532 eligible subjects (56.6% females; mean age was 48.4±15.3 years), and approximately 33.3% were diagnosed as MetS. The subjects with a smoking habit (heavy and long-time history) had a 1.833-fold higher risk for MetS than their counterparts (none and light smoking), and the subjects that preferred salty taste had a 1.626-fold higher risk for MetS than the comparison cohort. Smoking and alcohol drinking had the highest clustering effect on MetS among the behavior risk factors. Conclusions. The main finding of this study was that smoking and salty taste preference were the independent determinants of MetS. Smoking and alcohol consumption had the highest clustering effect on southern Chinese MetS.

Download Full-text

The Negative Association Between Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Severity and Gouty Nephropathy in a Non-diabetic Gouty Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-60574/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yue Zhou ◽

Yahao Wang ◽

Jingwei Chi ◽

Wenshan Lv ◽

Mingzhao Xing ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Metabolic Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Risk ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) share common pathogenic mechanisms and risk factors, but the specific relationship between NAFLD and gouty nephropathy has not been well understood. We aim to evaluate the association between NAFLD and gouty nephropathy in a non-diabetic gouty population.Methods: The retrospective cross‑sectional study was performed on 1049 non-diabetic gouty participants, who were hospitalized between 2014 and 2020, across 4 districts in Shandong, China. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population were collected. The odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) in relation to the NAFLD severity determined by ultrasonography were obtained by multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: An unexpectedly inverse relationship was found between NAFLD severity and the risk of gout nephropathy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that higher degree of NAFLD severity is independently associated with lower risk of gouty nephropathy, after adjusted for age, sex, smoking, gout duration, and metabolic risk factors including obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperuriacemia and dyslipidemia, with OR 0.392 (95 % CI 0.248–0.619, P < 0.001), 0.379 (95 % CI 0.233–0.616, P < 0.001) and 0.148 (95 % CI 0.043–0.512, P = 0.003) in participants with mild, moderate, and severe NAFLD, respectively, compared to those without NAFLD. We also observed a weakened association of serum uric acid (SUA) with metabolic risk factors and NAFLD under circumstances of gouty nephropathy (r = -0.054, P = 0.466). Conclusions: The presence and severity of NAFLD was negatively associated with the risk of gouty nephropathy in the non-diabetic gouty populations. Further investigation of NAFLD will provide insights into the pathogenesis of gouty nephropathy.Trials registration: Chinese Clinical Trials Registry ChiCTR2000035185. Registered 2 August 2020.

Download Full-text

Factors Associated with Hypertension among Urban Dwellers with Sedentary Lifestyle: A Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh ◽

10.3329/jninb.v6i2.50780 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 129-134

Author(s):

Ariful Islam Joardar ◽

Md Fakhrul Islam Khaled ◽

SM Eare Mahabub ◽

Chayan Kumar Singha ◽

M Atiqul Haque

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Sedentary Lifestyle ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Population

Background: Hypertension is a serious public health problem and an important research area due to its worldwide high prevalence and being a prime risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and other complications. In developing countries, hypertension is more prevalent among the urban population who lead a sedentary lifestyle. Objective:This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among urban dwellers with sedentary life. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted among the adult population (18 years and above) living in one of the urban areas of Dhaka (Dania Union, Kadamtali Thana), Bangladesh. The study was conducted from January 2018 to October 2018, using a simple random sampling technique for data collection. The adult respondents were enrolled in this study who were staying at home and leading a sedentary lifestyle. Univariate analysis and binary logistic regression analysis were performed to examine the risk factors of hypertension of the study population. Results: A total of 149 adults were enrolled in this study. The mean (±SD) age of the study population was 51.20 (±14.65) years. About four out of 10 study population were found to be hypertensive in this study. The adjusted logistic regression analysis revealed that increased age groups, i.e., 50 to 60 years old [AOR: 3.11, 95% CI: 1.01 – 9.66] and 60 years old and above [AOR: 5.83, 95% CI: 1.73 – 20.06], and family history of hypertension (AOR: 3.59, 95% CI: 1.34 - 9.63) had a positive and significant association with hypertension. However, people with high socioeconomic status showed 71 percent less likelihood of being hypertensive than the lower ones. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension among the people leading a sedentary lifestyle was significantly higher in this study. Increasing physical activity, maintaining proper antihypertensive medication, and regular follow-up of hypertension for older adults might inhibit the increased prevalence of hypertension in urban areas. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2020;6(2): 129-134

Download Full-text

The Prevalence of Headache and Associated Factors in Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Pain Research and Management ◽

10.1155/2021/6682094 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Daifallah Almalki ◽

Mamdouh M. Shubair ◽

Badr F Al-Khateeb ◽

Rawan Abdullah Obaid Alshammari ◽

Saeed Mastour Alshahrani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

Background. Only few studies have investigated the prevalence and risk factors of headaches among the Saudi population. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of headache and to explore its associated risk factors Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia. Methods. The multistage sampling technique was used to enroll 1200 population-based participants who were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire about headaches, demographics, and several other parameters such as smoking status and different chronic and psychological illnesses. The chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to test the association. Results. The overall prevalence of headaches in this study was 3%. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that females were more likely to have headaches than males (odds ratio (OR) 0.735, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.612–1.341; P = 0.024 ). Being a current smoker was also significantly associated with higher “odds” of having headache (OR = 1.319, 95% CI = 0.932–2.462; P = 0.037 ). Participants who were overweight had a significantly higher risk of headache (OR = 1.631, 95% CI = 1.48–1.854; P = 0.037 ). Nonmarried people were significantly more likely to have headache pain, compared to married individuals (OR = 0.875, 95% CI = 0.646–2.317; P = 0.047 ). Conclusion. The prevalence of headaches was 3%, and four significant associated factors were identified: females, nonmarried, smoking, and overweight. The temporality of the relationship between these factors and headache cannot be confirmed in this cross-sectional study; so future longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these potential causal relationships.

Download Full-text

Predictors of HIV/AIDS comprehensive knowledge and acceptance attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS among unmarried young females in Uganda: a cross-sectional study

BMC Women s Health ◽

10.1186/s12905-021-01176-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tesfaldet Mekonnen Estifanos ◽

Chen Hui ◽

Afewerki Weldezgi Tesfai ◽

Mekonnen Estifanos Teklu ◽

Matiwos Araya Ghebrehiwet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Young Females ◽

Comprehensive Knowledge ◽

Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Youth in general and young females, in particular, remain at the center of HIV/AIDS epidemic. To avoid and prevent HIV infection, comprehensive knowledge as well as correct understanding of transmission and prevention strategies are crucial. Thus, the aim of this study is to explore the predictors of comprehensive knowledge on HIV/AIDS and accepting attitude towards PLWHIV. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the 2016 Uganda Demographic Health Survey. A two-stage probability sampling method was applied and data were collected using a standard questionnaire. Of the total 8674 women aged 15–49 years, 1971 eligible women aged 15–24 years were included in this analysis. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 23. A Chi-square test followed by logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between specific explanatory variables and outcome variables. The results were reported using odds ratios with 95% confidence interval. P value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results Overall, 99.3% of the unmarried women aged 15–24 years were aware of HIV/AIDS, but only 51.9% had comprehensive knowledge on HIV/AIDS. Around 70% of the respondents were aware that "using condoms every time when having sex" and "having only one faithful uninfected partner" can prevent HIV transmission. About 68% of the unmarried women rejected at least two common local misconceptions about HIV/AIDS. An alarmingly small (20.6%) proportion of the respondents had a positive acceptance attitude towards PLWHIV. All variables were significantly associated with having comprehensive knowledge on HIV/AIDS in the unadjusted logistic regression analysis. After adjustment, older age (20–24 years), being educated, wealthier, and ever been tested for HIV/AIDS became predictors of adequate comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge. Moreover, respondents with adequate comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS were more likely (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.30–2.08) to have a positive acceptance attitude towards PLWHIV than their counterparts. Conclusion Our study demonstrated a remarkably high level of awareness about HIV/AIDS among study participants, but the knowledge and positive acceptance attitude towards PLWHIV were not encouraging. Thus, endeavors to expand and strengthen educational campaigns on HIV/AIDS in communities, health facilities, and schools are highly recommended. Attention should particularly focus on young-aged and disadvantaged women with low educational level, poor socioeconomic status and those who have never been tested for HIV/AIDS.

Download Full-text

A predictive nomogram: a cross-sectional study on a simple-to-use model for screening 12-year-old children for severe caries in middle schools

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-021-01819-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shaoying Duan ◽

Meng Li ◽

Jialiang Zhao ◽

Huiyu Yang ◽

Jinfeng He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Validation ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dental Professionals

Abstract Background A nomogram is a tool that transforms complex regression equations into simple and visual graphs and enables clinicians and patients to conveniently compute output probabilities without needing medical knowledge and complex formulas. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a predictive nomogram to screen for severe caries among 12-year-old children based on risk factors in Sichuan Province, China. Methods A cross-sectional study of 4573 12-year-olds was conducted up to May 2016 in middle schools from three districts and three counties in Sichuan Province, China. All the children underwent oral examinations and completed questionnaires to assess general information, oral impacts on daily performance, dietary habits, subjective health conditions, history of dental trauma, frequency of toothache, dental visits, and knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours toward oral hygiene. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to determine which variables were significantly associated with severe caries (operationalized as DMFT ≥ 3). A nomogram was developed and validated by using the ‘rms’ package and two cross-validation methods. Results Severe caries was found in 537 of the 4573 children (11.74%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the following variables predicted a higher risk of severe caries: ‘female’ [odds ratio (OR) = 1.985, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.63–2.411], ‘urban’ (OR = 2.389, 95% CI: 1.96–2.91), ‘non-only child’ (OR = 1.317, 95% CI: 1.07–1.625), ‘very poor self-assessment of oral health status’ (OR = 2.157, 95% CI: 1.34–3.467) and ‘visited a dentist less than 6 months’ (OR = 1.861, 95% CI: 1.38–2.505). Multivariate logistic regression analysis also indicated that the following variables predicted a lower risk of severe caries: ‘middle level of urbanization’ (OR = 0.395, 95% CI: 0.32–0.495) and ‘high level of urbanization’ (OR = 0.466, 95% CI: 0.37–0.596). Both the fivefold and leave-one-out cross-validation methods indicated that the nomogram model built by these 6 variables displayed good disease recognition ability. Conclusions The nomogram was a simple-to-use model to screen children for severe caries. This model was found to facilitate non-dental professionals in assessing risk values without oral examinations and making referrals to dental professionals.

Download Full-text

The prevalence and clinical characteristics of diabetes mellitus in Chinese inpatients with chronic schizophrenia: a multicenter cross-sectional study

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.12553 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e12553

Author(s):

Yanni Wang ◽

Lingyun Zeng ◽

Lijuan Chen ◽

Xin Zhou ◽

Lijuan Huo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Chronic Schizophrenia ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is common among patients with schizophrenia. However, information on patients comorbid DM and schizophrenia is limited in China. The present study investigated the prevalence of DM and its clinical characteristics in Chinese inpatients with chronic schizophrenia. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in Chinese inpatients with chronic schizophrenia. Diagnosis of Diabetes was established using World Health Organization diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus (persistent fasting glucose levels ≥ 126 mg/dl or 2-h plasma glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL after a 75-g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test). Patients were also measured height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, triglyceride level, and cholesterol level. Patients’ psychiatric symptoms were measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the associated demographic and clinical variables in chronic schizophrenia. Results A total of 988 inpatients (64.6% male, average age of 47.19 ± 12.55) was recruited. The prevalence of DM in Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia was 13.8% (95% CI [11.6–15.9]%). Logistic regression analysis showed that overweight (OR = 1.90, 95% CI [1.20–3.03], p = 0.006), obesity (OR = 1.85, 95% CI [1.07–3.21], p = 0.028), comorbid hypertension (OR = 2.14, 95% CI [1.34–3.42], p = 0.002), and course of schizophrenia (OR = 1.03, 95% CI [1.01–1.06], p = 0.040) were significantly associated with the DM risk in patients with schizophrenia. Conclusion The findings indicated that diabetes mellitus was non-negligible in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Patients with schizophrenia should be regularly monitored for DM. Overweight/obesity, long duration of schizophrenia, and comorbid hypertension possibly were risk factors for diabetes.

Download Full-text

Community-based newborn care utilisation and associated factors in Geze Gofa rural district, South Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037792 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. e037792

Author(s):

Tsegaye Gebremedhin ◽

Asmamaw Atnafu ◽

Endalkachew Dellie

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Newborn Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Rural District ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional

ObjectiveThe community-based newborn care (CBNC) is a newborn care package along the maternal and newborn health continuum of care that has been implemented at the community level in Ethiopia. The utilisation which might be affected by several factors has not been well assessed. Thus, this study aimed to examine the utilisation of CBNC and associated factors among women who delivered recently in Geze Gofa rural district, south Ethiopia.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingCommunity-based.ParticipantsThree-hundred seventy-one women who had their newborns recently were randomly selected. Then, they were interviewed at their places using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire.MethodsA binary logistic regression analysis was done. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, a p value of <0.05 and adjusted OR (AOR) with 95% CI were used to identify factors statistically associated with CBNC utilisation.OutcomesCBNC utilisation.ResultsThe findings showed that the overall utilisation of CBNC by women who delivered recently with their newborns was 37.5% (95% CI: 32.6 to 42.6). Factors associated with the utilisation of CBNC included women who attended elementary school (AOR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.01 to 3.07), college and above (AOR: 3.71, 95% CI: 1.12 to 12.24), farmer women (AOR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.79), women in the lowest (AOR: 3.76, 95% CI: 1.65 to 8.54) and middle quantile of wealth status (AOR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.01 to 3.76), and those whose preference was visiting hospital only when they faced any signs of danger (AOR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.78).ConclusionThe use of the CBNC programme in the study area was surprisingly low. To increase utilisation and potentially improve the outcomes of these neonates, we need to increase awareness at community levels, make convenient arrangements and increase the availability of services at nearby health facilities that are essential to improve the uptake of CBNC in the rural district.

Download Full-text

Anaemia Prevalence and Contributory Factors among Children in Uttarakhand, India

Asian Journal of Medicine and Health ◽

10.9734/ajmah/2020/v18i230184 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 41-51

Author(s):

Shweta Suri ◽

Anuradha Dutta ◽

Rita Singh Raghuvanshi ◽

Anupama Singh ◽

C. S. Chopra

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Concern ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression ◽

History Of

Background: In India, Anaemia among children is still one of the major nutritional problems of public health concern. Aim of the Study: The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of anaemia among Anganwadi children (3-6 years of age) and to determine the important risk factors associated with anaemia. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted among 390 Anganwadi children of Udham Singh Nagar district of Uttarakhand, during April, 2019- August, 2019. Methodology: In this cross sectional study, data on socio-demographic, socioeconomic, hygiene and dietary practices were collected using a self-structured questionnaire. Hemoglobin (Hb) and anthropometric measurements were carried out. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (AOR). Results: A majority, 70.54% of the Anganwadi children were found to be anaemic, with higher prevalence among male children (51.30%) as compared to female children (48.70%). The mean hemoglobin concentration of children was 9.91 (±1.9 g/dl). Stunting was higher among males (54.83%) as compared to females (45.17%).Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that anaemia was significantly associated with monthly income of family AOR (95% CI) 3.25(2.49, 4.00), mother's illiteracy AOR (95% CI) 1.98 (1.49, 2.46), history of anaemia in mother AOR (95% CI) 1.60(0.67, 2.52 ), history of worms in child's stool AOR (95% CI) 3.17(2.26,4.03), barefoot walking AOR (95% CI) 3.08(2.11,4.04) and lack of habit of hand washing AOR (95% CI) 1.55(0.98, 2.11). Conclusion: The prevalence of anaemia among children was high. Iron supplementation, nutrition education among mothers and overall personal hygiene are important to ameliorate their iron status.

Download Full-text

Levels of the health system workforce’s competence and predictors to lead, manage, and govern in northwest Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.2.10541/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yeshambel Agumas Ambelie ◽

Getu Degu Alene ◽

Damen Hailemariam Gebrekiros

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Health System ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Very High

Abstract Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of competence and predictors to lead, manage, and govern among the health system workforce. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in northwest Ethiopia. Eight hundred thirteen workforce were participated in the study. Competence to lead, manage, and govern was computed from 20 items. It was also leveled into four categories. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify predictors of this competence. Results: From 813 participants, 396 (48.7%) and 582 (71.6%) were females and service owners respectively. The estimates for low, moderate, high and very high levels of competence to lead, manage and govern were 41.3%; 42.7%; 13.5% and 2.5% respectively. Sex (p = .031) and responsibility (p = .019) were identified as main predictors. Conclusions: Competence to lead, manage and govern among the health system workforce in northwest Ethiopia is inadequate. Policymakers, program planners and researchers need to take action giving due attention to females and service owners. Feature research could be conducted considering hierarchical variables.

Download Full-text

Dietary Intake Quality Is Affected by Knowledge and Dietary Intake Frequency among Pregnant Women in Muntinlupa, Philippines: A Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182312306 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (23) ◽

pp. 12306

Author(s):

Tadashi Yamashita ◽

Ramon Emilio Daniel Roces ◽

Cecilia Ladines-Llave ◽

Maria Teresa Reyes Tuliao ◽

Mary Wanjira Kamau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

Improving the nutrition of pregnant women is essential in reducing maternal and child mortality, which is one of the global nutritional goals of 2025. This study evaluated the factors related to the quality of dietary intake among pregnant women in Muntinlupa, Philippines. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 280 pregnant women at a hospital in Muntinlupa from March 2019 to August 2019 using questionnaires. After the primary aggregation, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with the quality of dietary intake in pregnant women. Approximately half of the women (46.4%, n = 130) had a low dietary diversity during pregnancy. Less than 30% of the respondents consumed beans, soybean products, and nuts. In the logistic regression analysis, poor maternal knowledge of nutritional sources to prevent anemia (odds ratio (OR) 4.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.47–12.32, p = 0.01) and less frequent meal consumption (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.08–4.29, p = 0.03) were significantly associated with poor dietary diversity. Our findings are crucial because they suggest that increasing the knowledge of pregnant women about good nutrition and ensuring that dietary intake is frequent and adequate through antenatal care can improve the nutrition of pregnant women.

Download Full-text