The Potential of Food Protein-Derived Bioactive Peptides against Chronic Intestinal Inflammation

Inflammation can cause various chronic diseases like inflammatory bowel diseases. Various food protein-derived bioactive peptides (BAPs) with anti-inflammatory activity have the potential to manage these diseases. The aim of this paper is to overview the mechanisms and the molecular targets of BAPs to exert anti-inflammatory activity. In this review, the in vitro and in vivo effects of BAPs on intestinal inflammation are highlighted. The mechanism, pathways, and future perspectives of BAPs as the potential sources of therapeutic treatments to alleviate intestinal inflammation are provided, including nuclear factor-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinase, Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription, and peptide transporter 1 (PepT1), finding that PepT1 and gut microbiota are the promising targets for BAPs to alleviate the intestinal inflammation. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the role of dietary BAPs in attenuating inflammation and gives a novel direction in nutraceuticals for people or animals with intestinal inflammation.

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Anti-inflammatory activity of peptides derived from millet bran in vitro and in vivo

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/d1fo03711k ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Rong He ◽

Mengting Liu ◽

Zhipeng Zou ◽

Mingjie Wang ◽

Zhigao Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Peptides ◽

Bioactive Peptide ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Various food-derived bioactive peptides have been found with potential anti-inflammatory effects. Millet bran peptide is a food-derived bioactive peptide extracted from millet bran, a by-product of millet processing. In this...

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Idebenone Protects against Spontaneous Chronic Murine Colitis by Alleviating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Inflammatory Response

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines8100384 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 384 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sonia Shastri ◽

Tanvi Shinde ◽

Agampodi Promoda Perera ◽

Nuri Gueven ◽

Rajaraman Eri

Keyword(s):

Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Er Stress ◽

Intestinal Inflammation ◽

Activity Index ◽

Goblet Cells ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

The Impact ◽

Chronic Intestinal Inflammation

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in intestinal secretory goblet cells has been linked to the development of ulcerative colitis (UC). Emerging evidence suggests that the short chain quinone drug idebenone displays anti-inflammatory activity in addition to its potent antioxidant and mitochondrial electron donor properties. This study evaluated the impact of idebenone in Winnie mice, that are characterized by spontaneous chronic intestinal inflammation and ER stress caused by a missense mutation in the mucin MUC2 gene. Idebenone (200 mg/kg) was orally administered daily to 5–6 weeks old Winnie mice over a period of 21 days. Idebenone treatment substantially improved body weight gain, disease activity index (DAI), colon length and histopathology score. Immunohistochemistry revealed increased expression of MUC2 protein in goblet cells, consistent with increased MUC2 mRNA levels. Furthermore, idebenone significantly reduced the expression of the ER stress markers C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and X-box binding protein-1 (XBP-1) at both mRNA and protein levels. Idebenone also effectively reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in colonic explants. Taken together, these results indicate that idebenone could represent a potential therapeutic approach against human UC by its strong anti-inflammatory activity and its ability to reduce markers of ER stress.

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Cocoa polyphenols prevent inflammation in the colon of azoxymethane-treated rats and in TNF-α-stimulated Caco-2 cells

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114512004862 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 110 (2) ◽

pp. 206-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Ildefonso Rodríguez-Ramiro ◽

Sonia Ramos ◽

Elvira López-Oliva ◽

Angel Agis-Torres ◽

Laura Bravo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Inflammation ◽

Colon Carcinogenesis ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽

Male Rats ◽

Markers Of Inflammation ◽

Polyphenolic Extract ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Nuclear Levels

Numerous lines of evidence support a relationship between intestinal inflammation and cancer. Therefore, much attention has recently been focused on the identification of natural compounds with anti-inflammatory activities as a strategy to suppress the early stages of colorectal cancer. Because cocoa is a rich source of bioactive compounds, the present study investigated its anti-inflammatory properties in a rat model of azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon carcinogenesis and in TNF-α-stimulated Caco-2 cells. A total of forty male rats were fed with control or cocoa-enriched diets (12 %) during 8 weeks and injected with saline or AOM (20 mg/kg body weight) during the third and fourth week (n10 rats/group). At the end of the experiment, colon samples were evaluated for markers of inflammation. The anti-inflammatory activity of a cocoa polyphenolic extract (10 μg/ml) was examined in TNF-α-stimulated Caco-2 cells, anin vitromodel of experimentally induced intestinal inflammation. The signalling pathways involved, including NF-κB and the mitogen-activated protein kinase family such as c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases and p38, were also evaluated. The results show that the cocoa-rich diet decreases the nuclear levels of NF-κB and the expression of pro-inflammatory enzymes such as cyclo-oxygenase-2 and inducible NO synthase induced by AOM in the colon. Additionally, the experiments in Caco-2 cells confirm that cocoa polyphenols effectively down-regulate the levels of inflammatory markers induced by TNF-α by inhibiting NF-κB translocation and JNK phosphorylation. We conclude that cocoa polyphenols suppress inflammation-related colon carcinogenesis and could be promising in the dietary prevention of intestinal inflammation and related cancer development.

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Legume Proteins as a Promising Source of Anti-Inflammatory Peptides

Current Protein and Peptide Science ◽

10.2174/1389203720666190430110647 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (12) ◽

pp. 1204-1217 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Aline Reyes-Díaz ◽

Carmen Lizette Del-Toro-Sánchez ◽

José Carlos Rodríguez-Figueroa ◽

Santiago Valdéz-Hurtado ◽

Francisco Javier Wong-Corral ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Bioactive Peptides ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Cytokines And Chemokines ◽

Legume Proteins ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Promising Source

Legume proteins are precursors of bioactive components, such as peptides. In the present paper, different types of legume as sources of bioactive peptides and hydrolysates are considered and discussed based on their anti-inflammatory effect. Peptides with anti-inflammatory activity were included from in vitro and in vivo studies. Current strategies for obtaining bioactive peptides, as well as their structure and impact on health, were also reviewed. It was discovered that peptides derived from legume protein, mainly soybean and bean, can regulate several inflammatory markers, which include prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX- 2), cytokines, and chemokines. So far, lunasin, VPY and γ-glutamyl peptides have been identified with anti-inflammatory activity but their mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Furthermore, it is necessary to gather more information about hydrolysates containing peptides and single peptides with antiinflammatory activity. Considering the wide diversity, legume may be promising components to produce peptides efficient to ameliorate inflammatory disorders.

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Pilloin, A Flavonoid Isolated from Aquilaria sinensis, Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory Activity In Vitro and In Vivo

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23123177 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (12) ◽

pp. 3177 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yun-Chen Tsai ◽

Sin-Ling Wang ◽

Mei-Yao Wu ◽

Chia-Huei Liao ◽

Chao-Hsiung Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Flavonoid Compound ◽

Raw 264.7 ◽

Aquilaria Sinensis ◽

Raw 264.7 Macrophages ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Flavonoids, widely present in medicinal plants and fruits, are known to exhibit multiple pharmacological activities. In this study, we isolated a flavonoid compound, pilloin, from Aquilaria sinensis and investigated its anti-inflammatory activity in bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and septic mice. Pilloin inhibited NF-κB activation and reduced the phosphorylation of IκB in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Moreover, pilloin significantly suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory molecules, such as TNF-α, IL-6, COX-2 and iNOS, in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Additionally, pilloin suppressed LPS-induced morphological alterations, phagocytic activity and ROS elevation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated signalling pathways (including JNK, ERK, p38) were also inhibited by pilloin. Furthermore, pilloin reduced serum levels of TNF-α (from 123.3 ± 7 to 46.6 ± 5.4 ng/mL) and IL-6 levels (from 1.4 ± 0.1 to 0.7 ± 0.1 ng/mL) in multiple organs of LPS-induced septic mice (liver: from 71.8 ± 3.2 to 36.7 ± 4.3; lung: from 118.6 ± 10.6 to 75.8 ± 11.9; spleen: from 185.9 ± 23.4 to 109.6 ± 18.4; kidney: from 160.3 ± 11.8 to 75 ± 10.8 pg/mL). In summary, our results demonstrate the anti-inflammatory potential of pilloin and reveal its underlying molecular mechanism of action.

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Luteolin-3′-O-Phosphate Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses by Regulating NF-κB/MAPK Cascade Signaling in RAW 264.7 Cells

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26237393 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (23) ◽

pp. 7393

Author(s):

Jung-Hwan Kim ◽

Tae-Jin Park ◽

Jin-Soo Park ◽

Min-Seon Kim ◽

Won-Jae Chi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Raw 264.7 Cells ◽

Raw 264.7 ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Luteolin (LT), present in most plants, has potent anti-inflammatory properties both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, some of its derivatives, such as luteolin-7-O-glucoside, also exhibit anti-inflammatory activity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying luteolin-3′-O-phosphate (LTP)-mediated immune regulation are not fully understood. In this paper, we compared the anti-inflammatory properties of LT and LTP and analyzed their molecular mechanisms of action; we obtained LTP via the biorenovation of LT. We investigated the anti-inflammatory activities of LT and LTP in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. We confirmed from previously reported literature that LT inhibits the production of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2, as well as the expression of inducible NO synthetase and cyclooxygenase-2. In addition, expressions of inflammatory genes and mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β, were suppressed. LTP showed anti-inflammatory activity similar to LT, but better anti-inflammatory activity in all the experiments, while also inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-kappa B more effectively than LT. At a concentration of 10 μM, LTP showed differences of 2.1 to 44.5% in the activity compared to LT; it also showed higher anti-inflammatory activity. Our findings suggest that LTP has stronger anti-inflammatory activity than LT.

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