scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Help-Seeking Behaviours of Patients with Schizophrenia in Rural Cambodia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Vantheara Oum ◽  
Yurie Kobashi ◽  
Masaharu Tsubokura ◽  
Arinobu Hori ◽  
Yoshifumi Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Help Seeking ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Educational Approach ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Present Case Report ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Help Seeking Behaviour ◽  
To Receive

In low- and middle-income countries in Asia, the use of supernatural, religious, and magical approaches to mental illness is widespread. We aimed to document the help-seeking behaviours and barriers to effective mental healthcare in the case of a psychiatric patient in rural Cambodia. The present case report describes the pathway that a patient with schizophrenia utilised to receive effective treatment in a rural area. First, the patient was taken by his parents to a pagoda. Subsequently, they took him to the home of a Kru Khmer (a Cambodian traditional healer). Nevertheless, his condition did not improve, and after seeing this, a neighbour suggested to his mother that they visit the provincial hospital. The patient received a diagnosis after an assessment by the hospital psychiatrist. Following several months of treatment with medication, the patient no longer exhibited paranoid behaviour. In this case, the patient’s and his family’s beliefs are strongly related to help-seeking behaviour toward medical care among psychiatric patients. To promote timely visits to the hospital, it is crucial to clarify and understand the type of beliefs held by psychiatric patients and their families. Besides, an educational approach to the beliefs is essential for shortening the duration of untreated illness.

scholarly journals Psychosocial influences on help-seeking behaviour for cancer in low-income and lower middle-income countries: a mixed-methods systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. e004213
Author(s):  
Grace McCutchan ◽  
Bahr Weiss ◽  
Harriet Quinn-Scoggins ◽  
Anh Dao ◽  
Tom Downs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Cancer Symptoms ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Help Seeking Behaviour ◽  
Psychosocial Influences

IntroductionStarting cancer treatment early can improve outcomes. Psychosocial factors influencing patients’ medical help-seeking decisions may be particularly important in low and lower middle-income countries (LMIC) where cancer outcomes are poor. Comprehensive review evidence is needed to understand the psychosocial influences on medical help-seeking for cancer symptoms, attendance for diagnosis and starting cancer treatment.MethodsMixed-methods systematic review registered on PROSPERO (CRD42018099057). Peer-reviewed databases were searched until April 2020 for studies assessing patient-related barriers and facilitators to medical help-seeking for cancer symptoms, diagnosis and treatment in adults (18+ years) living in LMICs. Quality of included studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool. Data were synthesised using meta-analytic techniques, meta-ethnography or narrative synthesis as appropriate.ResultsOf 3963 studies identified, 64 were included. In quantitative studies, use of traditional, complementary and alternative medicine (TCAM) was associated with 3.60 higher odds of prolonged medical help-seeking (95% CI 2.06 to 5.14). Qualitative studies suggested that use of TCAM was a key barrier to medical help-seeking in LMICs, and was influenced by causal beliefs, cultural norms and a preference to avoid biomedical treatment. Women face particular barriers, such as needing family permission for help-seeking, and higher stigma for cancer treatment. Additional psychosocial barriers included: shame and stigma associated with cancer such as fear of social rejection (eg, divorce/disownment); limited knowledge of cancer and associated symptoms; and financial and access barriers associated with travel and appointments.ConclusionDue to variable quality of studies, future evaluations would benefit from using validated measures and robust study designs. The use of TCAM and gender influences appear to be important barriers to help-seeking in LMIC. Cancer awareness campaigns developed with LMIC communities need to address cultural influences on medical help-seeking behaviour.

scholarly journals Retention factors affecting migrant psychiatrists from low- and middle-income countries

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-15
Author(s):  
Prianka Padmanathan ◽  
James N. Newell
Keyword(s):  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Retention Factors ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Low And Middle Income

A major barrier to the large treatment gap in mental healthcare in low- and middle-income countries is the shortage of psychiatrists, partly caused by a brain drain. This qualitative study aimed to gain an in-depth understanding of the motivations and experiences of migrant psychiatrists in order to address retention factors. We interviewed a convenience sample of 11 psychiatrists from Afghanistan, Iraq, South Asia and Africa. Interviews were semi-structured and based on questions about the participants' reasons for emigrating, their expectations and experiences of the move, their views of psychiatry as a profession in their country of origin and whether any incentives would persuade them to return. Prevention of emigration appears to be far more effective than encouraging expatriates to return; an improvement in training and job opportunities could have a drastic impact on retention. Almost all the psychiatrists interviewed intended to contribute to training and raising the profile of psychiatry in their country of origin, and therefore their emigration may have long-term benefits. It could potentially break the cycle between lack of understanding, lack of demand for mental health services and lack of training. It should therefore be an ethical obligation of UK employers to offer migrant psychiatrists time and support to facilitate these contributions.

scholarly journals Community-based interventions for preventing COVID-19 transmission in low- and middle-income countries:  A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Master R.O. Chisale ◽  
Sheena Ramazanu ◽  
Joseph Tsung-Shu Wu ◽  
Frank W. Sinyiza ◽  
Thokozani Bvumbwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
World Health ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Background World Health Organisation (WHO) has approved and recommended several public health measures to halt the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The implementation of recommended interventions vary between higher income and Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). The economical constraints within LMICs posed challenges in accessing resources for COVID-19 prevention. The study aimed to identify the workable community-based interventions being utilised in LMICs.Main body We applied systematic review approach for this study. Included articles were searched in eight online databases. The analysis was guided by the acceptable of best practice developed by the PROSPERO and COCHRANE for systematic search and selection of articles using pre-defined search terms. Furthermore, a PRISMA flow diagram was used to show the number of articles retrieved, retained, excluded with rationales given for every action. Studies conducted on community-based intervention for preventing COVID-19 and levels of knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) on community-based intervention for preventing COVID-19 regardless of the design were included. A mixed method appraisal tool (MMAT) was used to appraise studies.Six studies from LMICs were included for detail analysis after the systematic review screening process from 10,100 articles. The quality assessment using MMAT tool appraised these articles were all in highest quality. Among the six articles, 10 community-based interventions were implemented in LMICs. The three key workable and implemented interventions are: use of masks, social distance and hand wash. The review identified varying levels of KAP between LMICs and social-demographical factors affecting KAP in these settings.Conclusion This systematic review has identified the community-based interventions implemented in LMICs to prevent COVID-19 during the pandemic and key factors affecting the level of KAP among the population. This study re-affirms the importance of effective and suitable implementation of the identified interventions. More studies need to be conducted in LMICs to establish the effectiveness and adoption of the implemented and recommended interventions.

Correlates of relationship issues among youth: Findings from a large scale youth mental health promotion program in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Banandur ◽  
Gopalan Kalpana ◽  
Shikha G Pai ◽  
Mutharaju Arelingaiah ◽  
Sathya R Velu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Health Promotion Program ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
Health Promotion Interventions

Abstract Background : Relationships and mental health have a bidirectional effect. The effect of relationships on mental health is stronger than vice versa. We analyzed two-year case records of 8595 beneficiaries aged 15-35 years attending youth guidance centres (Yuva Spandana Kendras) in Karnataka, India to understand factors affecting relationship issues. Methods : Multivariate logistic regression was performed with any beneficiary reporting having a relationship issue as outcome. Results : Occupation, marital status, health and lifestyle issues, personality issues, safety issues, gender, sex, & sexuality issues, suicidality, alcohol, and different emotions experienced,had significant association with relationship issues. Investing in health promotion interventions focusing on these precursors of relationship issues amongst youth seems strategic. Conclusion : Our findings have implications for other states in India and other low-middle-income countries like India.

scholarly journals Children with Developmental Disabilities in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: More Neglected and Physically Punished

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Bizzego ◽  
Mengyu Lim ◽  
Greta Schiavon ◽  
Gianluca Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Large N ◽  
Research Bias ◽  
Quality Of Childcare ◽  
Developmental Conditions ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Little is known about parenting in the context of developmental disabilities in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), penalized by both lack of data and a research bias toward western societies. In this study, we apply data mining methods on a large (N = 25,048) dataset from UNICEF to highlight patterns of association between developmental disabilities of children and parental involvement. We focus on the co-presence of multiple disabilities and the quality of childcare in three parenting domains: discipline, caregiving, and education. Our results show that, in LMIC, children with more severe developmental conditions are also more likely to receive low-quality parental care. Specific policies of parental training are needed to improve parental practices in LMIC.

Help Seeking Behaviour of Psychiatric Patients Before Seeking Care At a Mental Hospital

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.K. Chadda ◽  
Vivek Agarwal ◽  
Megha Chandra Singh ◽  
Deepak Raheja
Keyword(s):  
Help Seeking ◽  
Mental Hospital ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Help Seeking Behaviour

scholarly journals Cost of scaling up mental healthcare in low-and middle-income countries

2007 ◽  
Vol 191 (6) ◽  
pp. 528-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Chisholm ◽  
Crick Lund ◽  
Shekhar Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Psychosocial Treatment ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Low And Middle Income

BackgroundNo systematic attempt has been made to calculate the costs of scaling up mental health services in low-and middle-income countries.AimsTo estimate the expenditures needed to scale up the delivery of an essential mental healthcare package over a 10-year period (2006–2015).MethodA core package was defined, comprising pharmacological and/or psychosocial treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression and hazardous alcohol use. Current service levels in 12 selected low-and middle-income countries were established using the WHO–AIMS assessment tool. Target-level resource needs were derived from published need assessments and economic evaluations.ResultsThe cost per capita of providing the core package attarget coverage levels (in US dollars) ranged from $1.85 to $2.60 per year in low-income countries and $3.20 to $6.25 per year in lower-middle-income countries, an additional annual investment of $0.18–0.55 per capita.ConclusionsAlthough significant new resources need to be invested, the absolute amount is not large when considered at the population level and against other health investment strategies.

scholarly journals Demographics of Vaccine Hesitancy in Chandigarh, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abram L. Wagner ◽  
Abigail R. Shotwell ◽  
Matthew L. Boulton ◽  
Bradley F. Carlson ◽  
Joseph L. Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Childhood Immunization ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Universal Immunization Program ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Scheduled Castes ◽  
Systematic Sample ◽  
Childhood Vaccines ◽  
The Impact ◽  
To Receive

The impact of vaccine hesitancy on childhood immunization in low- and middle-income countries remains largely uncharacterized. This study describes the sociodemographic patterns of vaccine hesitancy in Chandigarh, India. Mothers of children <5 years old were sampled from a two-stage cluster, systematic sample based on Anganwadi child care centers in Chandigarh. Vaccine hesitancy was measured using a 10-item Vaccine Hesitancy Scale, which was dichotomized. A multivariable logistic regression assessed the association between socioeconomic factors and vaccine hesitancy score. Among 305 mothers, >97% of mothers thought childhood vaccines were important, effective, and were a good way to protect against disease. However, many preferred their child to receive fewer co-administered vaccines (69%), and were concerned about side effects (39%). Compared to the “other caste” group, scheduled castes or scheduled tribes had 3.48 times greater odds of vaccine hesitancy (95% CI: 1.52, 7.99). Those with a high school education had 0.10 times the odds of vaccine hesitancy compared to those with less education (95% CI: 0.02, 0.61). Finally, those having more antenatal care visits were less vaccine hesitant (≥4 vs. <4 visits OR: 0.028, 95% CI: 0.1, 0.76). As India adds more vaccines to its Universal Immunization Program, consideration should be given to addressing maternal concerns about vaccination, in particular about adverse events and co-administration of multiple vaccines.

scholarly journals Middle income trap and factors affecting the risk of growth slowdown in upper middle income countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-360
Author(s):  
Uğur Ursavaş ◽  
Hakan Sarıbaş
Keyword(s):  
Trade Openness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Inflation Variability ◽  
Do So

In this paper, we investigate the macroeconomic, demographic and institutional factors affecting the probability of growth slowdown in upper-middle-income countries within the framework of the growth slowdown methodology developed by Eichengreen et al. (2011). To do so, we use probit regression, and the dataset covers the period 1980-2015. The results show that growth slowdown occurs when per capita income reaches 22 percent of that in the United States. Besides, an increase in the relative income, gross capital formation, trade openness, years of total schooling, old dependency ratio and law and order index increases the risk of growth slowdown, whereas an increase in public debt, inflation variability and years of secondary and higher schooling decreases the risk of growth slowdown.

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