scholarly journals Air Pollution of Nature Reserves near Cities in Russia

Scientifica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Aleksei Kholodov ◽  
Kirill Golokhvast
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserves ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Optimal Distance ◽  
Protected Natural Areas ◽  
Atmospheric Factors ◽  
Aerial Transport ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Snow Samples

Today, protected natural areas cover about 15% of the Earth’s land. These areas by definition are supposed to be free of pollution; they nevertheless suffer from the effects of aerial transport of anthropogenic polluting substances. In this study, we evaluated the impact of settlements on protected natural areas to determine the optimal distance beyond which the anthropogenic influence would be minimal. For this purpose, we analyzed the particle size distribution and the content of metals in fresh snow samples collected in the Bastak Nature Reserve and the neighboring Birobidzhan city (Russian Federation). Both sites contained comparable proportions of PM10 and contents of heavy metals, which points to the transportation of air pollutants from the city to the reserve. The results of the analysis were summarized and compared with the available data on other nature reserves and nearby populated localities. Based on the research data, pollutant emissions should be decreased for cities that are closer than 50 km to nature reserves. Moreover, authorities should take into consideration atmospheric factors and distance to the nearest settlement when establishing new protected natural areas.

Landscape Opportunities and Preferences for Choosing Recreational Places of Megalopolis Residents (on Example of St. Petersburg)

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
V. L. Pogodina ◽  
A. S. Matveevskaya ◽  
I. G. Filippova
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Large City ◽  
Nature Reserves ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Recreational Activities ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The Status ◽  
Specially Protected Natural Areas ◽  
Protected Natural Areas ◽  
The City

A resident of a large city is increasingly in need of a complete rest in the bosom of nature, enjoy the peace and beauty of landscapes. The administration of megacities is concerned about the problems of preserving the natural environment and creating within the city limits a network of recreational areas where recreational activities can be organized. The necessity and importance of establishing a network of specially protected natural areas within the metropolis is not in doubt. But the status of the created nature reserves implies, for the most part, prohibitions and restrictions for the organization of recreational activities. A detailed description of recreational opportunities for the rational use of individual components of the city’s natural environment is presented. The authors conducted a geoecological analysis of the allocation of recreational areas in large cities. Features of nature that should be considered when designing recreational areas in large cities, on example of St. Petersburg, are noted.

scholarly journals Growth of Rescues in Natural Areas during the First Summer of COVID-19 Pandemic in Catalonia

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 498
Author(s):  
Òscar Saladié ◽  
Edgar Bustamante ◽  
Aaron Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Service ◽  
Fire Department ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Service Activity ◽  
Protected Natural Areas ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Service Managers

This article analyzes the impact of the end of the COVID-19 lockdown on the number of rescues in natural areas in Catalonia (Spain) during July and August 2020. We compared the figures for 2020 with those corresponding to the same period in 2016–2019, including their temporal and spatial distributions. Our findings show that the number of rescues undertaken by the Catalan Fire Department in July and August 2020 increased significantly compared to the same summer period in the four previous years (+39.7%). The daily averages increased for both weekends and weekdays in 2020, with 7.5 and 3.9 rescues per day, respectively. The greatest increase corresponded to rescue operations conducted at low altitudes (up to 500 m ASL) and areas with no specific protection status near to populated places. Natural areas were perceived safer than, for example, coastal destinations in terms of the risk of COVID-19 contagion, and they experienced a growth in visitors during the first summer of the pandemic. One consequence of this was an increase in emergency service activity to rescue people in natural areas. This research adds new evidence of the multiple indirect effects of the reconfiguration of mobilities in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings could be of interest to emergency service managers, managers of protected natural areas, and public authorities.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF HOUSING AND UTILITIES SECTOR ACTIVITIES IN ENSURING ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY IN ATYRAU

THE BULLETIN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (391) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Z.Zh. Kenzhegaliyeva ◽  
А.А. Mussayeva ◽  
L.N. Igaliyeva
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
University Funding ◽  
Scientific Project ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Of The Environment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Given ◽  
The City

The state of the environment is influenced by various spheres of economic activity, including housing and communal services (HCS). The issues of the housing and communal services functioning in Kazakhstan are one of the priority directions in ensuring the environmental safety of the country. The article provides a SWOT analysis of the activities of housing and communal services enterprises in ensuring the environmental safety of Atyrau. The given article has generated information about the enterprises of the housing and communal services of the city of Atyrau, in particular, the activities of enterprises for electricity supply, gas, steam and air conditioning, water supply enterprises, sewage systems, control over the collection and distribution of waste, stationary sources of pollutant emissions and the volume of their emissions. The official statistical information on industry and the environment, published on the website of the Committee on Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan, has been studied. In particular, the indicators for 2017-2019 have been analyzed in the context of the regions of Kazakhstan. In the course of the study, a sociological survey was conducted among the population of Atyrau to determine the opinion on the impact of the activities of housing and communal services enterprises on the environment. Based on the results of the study, measures have been proposed to improve the environmental situation in the city of Atyrau, as well directions of activities of housing and communal services enterprises in ensuring environmental safety have been determined. The study was carried out within the framework of scientific project «Economic mechanism for the development of housing and communal services in ensuring environmental safety (on the example of Atyrau)» by intra-university funding.

scholarly journals The Impact of Tourism and Ecological Footprints on Protected Natural Areas. Case Study - Dragon’s Garden (Gradina Zmeilor) Salaj County – Romania

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-231
Author(s):  
Aurica Grec
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Ecological Footprints ◽  
Protected Natural Areas ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper will deal with the degradation of the Nature Reserve, The Dragon’s Garden, caused both by tourism but also human intervention, aspects which have been noticed from the study visits in the area.

Protected Natural Areas and the Military

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur H. Westing
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Collateral Effects ◽  
Protected Natural Areas ◽  
Training Exercises ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

Examined here is the impact exerted by the military sector of human society on national parks and other protected natural areas. Disruption during wartime, both by regular and by insurgent armed forces, results largely from the collateral effects of their operations and weapons as well as from illegal logging, hunting, fishing, and pillaging. Disruption during peacetime results largely from training exercises and poaching.A number of actions are suggested to mitigate the military impact on protected natural areas, among them: enhanced environmental education and training (in both the civil and military sectors), greater local participation in the management of protected natural areas, creation of greater respect for an expanded system of demilitarized World Natural Heritage Sites, and especially the nurturing among all peoples of a greater respect for Nature.

ESTIMATION OF RECREATIONAL LOAD OF ORYOL CITY URBAN PARK «KUL'TURY I OTDYKHA»

2019 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Mikhail Slepnev ◽  
Evgeniya Filyakova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Large City ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Ecological Capacity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The article considers the impact of recreational load on the natural-anthropogenic region — Central park «Kul'tury I Otdykha» in the city of Oryol. To ensure the sustainable development of natural areas, the ability of components of the environment to heal itself in the conditions of anthropogenic impact is of particu-lar importance. Most of the anthropogenic load in a large city is the recreational load, which significantly affects the natural frame of urban areas. Recreational load causes a significant degradation of the natural complex of the city, and its value is determined by the planning structure of urban development, which deter-mines the distribution of population density and transport accessibility of recreation facilities. Calculated data revealed the recreational load from the planning structure of the residential area located within walking distance from the coastal recreational zone. Ensuring the safety of urban parks, it is necessary to work with complete and reliable information that can only be obtained through regular monitoring studies. The spatial organization of coastal recreational zones should meet the objectives of maintaining and improving the eco-logical balance of recreational areas, as well as the formation of a comfortable architectural and planning structure of recreational zones and the selection of the most significant recreational formations based on the ecological and recreational capabilities of natural areas and the needs of the population. In this regard, it is necessary to develop functional zoning of natural-anthropogenic regions to regulate the level of recreational impact, and ensure the sustainability of ecological systems of the city. To monitor the level of anthropogenic impacts, the definition is used — the ecological capacity, which is determined by the limiting values of an-thropogenic loads determined on the basis of field observations.

ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE OF AIR POLLUTION ON A SEGMENT OF THE CITY HIGHWAY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF MIRA AVENUE IN THE CITY OF OMSK)

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
E.V. PARSAEV ◽  
◽  
I.A. TETERINA ◽  
P.N. MALYUGIN ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
The State ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The article presents the results of experimental and theoretical studies aimed at performing a qualitative assessment of the impact of traffic management on the level of air pollution from traffic flows in different sections of one segment of the city highway. Assessment of the state of atmospher-ic air pollution on a highway with heavy traffic (Pr. Mira, Omsk city) was carried out on the basis of determination of carbon monoxide (CO) in the air as one of the main components of the exhaust gases of the traffic stream. Calculations are graphically presented, indicating the unevenness of the amount of pollutant emissions by one passenger car moving along a conditional segment of the city highway with various variations in traffic conditions due to traffic management.

scholarly journals Results of investigations of the granulometric and elemental composition of the atmospheric precipitation on the territory of the RF Far East reserves

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.С. ХОЛОДОВ ◽  
К.С. ГОЛОХВАСТ
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
Nature Reserves ◽  
Airborne Particulate ◽  
Protected Natural Areas ◽  
State Nature ◽  
Snow Samples ◽  
The Russian Far East

В Дальневосточном федеральном округе с учетом вошедших в его состав Республики Бурятия и Забайкальского края сегодня насчитывается 62 особо охраняемые природные территории федерального значения, среди них 30 государственных природных заповедников, 14 национальных парков, 16 заказников, 2 памятника природы. Вместе с ООПТ регионального значения охраняемые природные территории Дальнего Востока занимают более 100 млн га. В статье обобщены результаты исследования размерности и состава атмо­сферных взвесей, проводившегося в 6 государственных природных заповедниках Дальнего Востока: Бастак, Ботчинский, Зейский, Норский, Сихотэ-Алинский и Хинганский. В пяти из перечисленных заповедников отбирали пробы свежего снега, а в Хинганском – пробы хвои. Для получения смыва с хвои, пригодного к дальнейшему анализу, образцы хвои погружались в емкость с дистиллированной водой и обрабатывались ультразвуком. В растаявших пробах снега и усиленном ультразвуком смыве с хвои определяли размеры частиц и фракционный состав. Для взвесей из заповедников Бастак и Ботчинский проводили определение вещественного и элементного состава. Показано, что атмосфера исследованных заповедников, находящихся на расстоянии менее 100 км от крупных и средних городов (Бастак, Ботчинский), подвергается воздействию переноса техногенных частиц. В атмосфере этих заповедников обнаружены опасные для биоты нано- и микрочастицы металлов и их соединений (W, Ti, Fe, Ba, Sn, Zn, Zr, Ce, La и Ag), а также повышенное содержание водорастворимых соединений некоторых металлов (в частности, цинка). Заповедники, расположенные на удалении от крупных городов или рядом с малыми населенными пунктами (Норский, Зейский, Хинганский), содержат в атмосфере меньше техногенных частиц. Статья является установочной с точки зрения начала полномасштабного изучения гранулометрического, вещественного и микроэлементного состава атмосферной взвеси ООПТ Дальнего Востока РФ. The Russian Far Eastern Federal District, which since 2018 includes the Republic of Buryatia and the Trans-Baikal Territory, has today 62 specially protected natural areas of federal significance, including 30 state nature reserves, 14 national parks, 16 wildlife preserves, and 2 natural monuments. Together with the protected areas of regional significance, the protected natural areas of the Far East occupy more than 100 million hectares. The article summarizes the results of the study of the particle size distribution and composition of airborne particulate matter, carried out in 6 state nature reserves of the Russian Far East: Bastak, Botcha (Botchinsky), Zeya (Zeysky), Nora (Norsky), Sikhote-Alin and Khingan (Khingansky). In five of the studied nature reserves, we collected fresh snow samples, and in the Khingan reserve – conifer needle samples. To obtain the wash out from the needles suitable for further analysis, the needles samples were put in a container with distilled water and treated with ultrasound according to the described procedure. Particle sizes and fractional composition were determined in melted snow samples and ultrasound-treated washout from needles. PM samples from the Bastak and Botcha reserves were further analyzed for material and elemental composition. It is shown that the atmosphere of reserves located at a distance of less than 100 km from large and medium-sized cities (Bastak, Botcha) is affected by the transfer of technogenic particles. In the atmosphere of these reserves we found nano- and microparticles of metals and their compounds (W, Ti, Fe, Ba, Sn, Zn, Zr, Ce, La, and Ag), as well as increased content of water-soluble compounds of some metals (in particular, zinc). Reserves located at a distance from large cities or close to small settlements (Nora, Zeya, Khingan) contain less technogenic particles in the atmosphere. This is a position article showing that full-scale study of the particle size, material and microelement composition of airborne particulate matter in natural protected areas of the Russian Far East should continue.

scholarly journals Ecological trails in the specially protected natural areas of Altai Krai

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 738-741
Author(s):  
N. G. Prudnikova ◽  
M. N. Ignatenko ◽  
A. V. Dudnik
Keyword(s):  
Information Content ◽  
Research Work ◽  
State University ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Effective Work ◽  
Specially Protected Natural Areas ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Protected Natural Areas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development

The present paper provides results of studying the dynamics of ecological trails development in specially protected natural areas of Altai Krai. The study revealed the average number of the trails visitors, trail length, information content for educating students. Recommendations are given on the further development of this focus area and regular effective work on ecological trails. The authors identified the most attended ecological trails, studied the activities for schoolchildren and tourists on specially equipped trails in the wild. The article also examines the impact of the trails development on the environmental education of schoolchildren and the research work of students of the Department of Recreational Geography, Tourism and Regional Marketing of Altai State University (Geography Department) while developing the environmental routes.

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