Protected Natural Areas and the Military

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur H. Westing
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Collateral Effects ◽  
Protected Natural Areas ◽  
Training Exercises ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

Examined here is the impact exerted by the military sector of human society on national parks and other protected natural areas. Disruption during wartime, both by regular and by insurgent armed forces, results largely from the collateral effects of their operations and weapons as well as from illegal logging, hunting, fishing, and pillaging. Disruption during peacetime results largely from training exercises and poaching.A number of actions are suggested to mitigate the military impact on protected natural areas, among them: enhanced environmental education and training (in both the civil and military sectors), greater local participation in the management of protected natural areas, creation of greater respect for an expanded system of demilitarized World Natural Heritage Sites, and especially the nurturing among all peoples of a greater respect for Nature.

scholarly journals ECOTOURISM IN RUSSIA: MAIN DESTINATIONS AND TOURIST ARRIVALS

2017 ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Александр ДОРОФЕЕВ ◽  
Alexander DOROFEEV ◽  
Лидия БОГДАНОВА ◽  
Lidiy BOGDANOVA ◽  
Елена ХОХЛОВА ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
The People ◽  
Specially Protected Natural Areas ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Protected Natural Areas ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Ecological Tourism ◽  
Specially Protected Areas

The concept of “ecological tourism” both in the world and in Russia has appeared in the second half of the twentieth century, although people traveled with natural-focused purposes, including around the protected areas, much earlier. The article presents several definitions of ecotourism, including the two given by the authors. The authors note that ecotourism can be developed in two ways: as a journey on any remaining natural areas or as tour, excursion exclusively within specially protected natural areas (SPNA). The second option is successfully developed in many Englishspeaking countries. The article confirms this fact using the original modern data on the dynamics of visits to the most famous national parks in the USA. Based on the analysis of literature and Internet sources it is concluded that the governance of the Russian Federation considers it necessary to develop eco-tourism in our country according to the second “North American” concept. In this case, the people attending the state protected areas – national parks and reserves with educational and recreational goals should be considered as eco-tourists. Based on this assumption the authors of the article give modern official data concerning the number of specially protected areas of different types in Russia as main destinations of ecotourism. The article presents the diagrams showing the quantitative characteristics of the infrastructure for ecotourists in specially protected areas: visitor centers, museums, ecological paths and routes. The dynamics of tourist arrivals in the reserves and national parks of Russia for the period 2001-2016 years is analyzed. In the final part of the article the main problems of eco-tourists recording are identified.

Requirements for the environmental protection officer of the Ukrainian armed forces in view of NATO guidance documents

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-83
Author(s):  
Serhiy Orel ◽  
◽  
Vadim Durach ◽  
Bohdan Sjoma ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Military Operation ◽  
Guidance Documents ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

Military impact on the environment can be defined as two components: 1) impact on the environment in time of daily activities during the training of troops and 2) impact on the environment during the combat operation. In the Armed Forces of Ukraine, to some extent, environmental security measures are implemented only during daily operations in peacetime. As for taking into account the impact of fighting on the environment in time of planning combat operations, this issue is usually not even raised in their preparation. On the other hand, NATO member states understand that military operations can be inherently destructive to human health and the environment. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the educational requirements for commanders, especially for officers who provide environmental protection in the Armed Forces of Ukraine, based on NATO regulations and the experience of Allies. The article considers how environmental issues are integrated into the military operation at each stage: planning, pre-deployment, deployment (execution and force rotation), redeployment, and post-deployment. The main tasks of environmental officers at each stage of the operation are defined. Based on the tasks solved by officers, the requirements for their education are formed, the subjects studied by US environmental officers are considered.

Respect for gender equality as a component of civilian democratic control over the military organisation of the state

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Yuliia Yu. Bobrova ◽  
Yuriy O. Bobrov
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Gender Balance ◽  
Democratic Control ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

The analysis of numerous scientific publications demonstrates the great relevance of gender studies at the current stage of Ukrainian social development, in almost all spheres of social relations. As for ensuring equal participation of men and women in the functioning of the military organisation of the state, the implementation of such a gender balance contributes to improving civilian control over it through the possibility of developing the capacity of regulatory bodies in gender issues, promoting dialogue between the community and control bodies, and drawing public attention to the problems of accountability of institutions of this organisation. The main purpose of this study is to highlight the state of gender equality in the military organisation of the state through the lens of civilian democratic control. The study determined the state of legislative regulation of the concept of military organisation of the state and civil democratic control. The study analysed the introduction of a gender perspective in Ukraine in the subject matter and the dynamics of establishing a gender balance in the military organisation of the state; the impact on existing trends of legislative initiatives. It is stated that the modern Ukrainian army is mostly “male”. Despite the fact that women are allowed to serve in the military, they do not take part in making socially important decisions, they do not hold high military positions, and career growth is challenging for them. The study identified the main problems of implementing gender equality in the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other structures of the Defence Forces of Ukraine, which are more based on social stereotypes of pre-defined roles for men and women. Civil control over the Armed Forces is described as a socio-political process in this area

Autonomous Systems in a Military Context (Part 2)

2019 ◽  
pp. 433-451
Author(s):  
Jai Galliott ◽  
Tim McFarland
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
Just War Theory ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Military Forces ◽  
Legal Obligations ◽  
Law Of Armed Conflict ◽  
Collateral Effects ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

This is the second paper of two on the role of autonomy in the unmanned systems revolution currently underway and affecting military forces around the globe. In the last paper, the authors considered the implications of autonomy on the legal obligations of military forces and their ability to meet these obligations, primarily through a survey of the domestic law of a number of drone wielding nations and relevant international legal regimes, including the law of armed conflict, arms control law, international human rights law, and others. However, the impact of autonomy in the military context extends well beyond the law and also encompasses philosophy and morality. Therefore, this paper addresses perennial problems concerning autonomous systems and their impact on what justifies the initial resort to war, who may be legitimately targeted in warfare, the collateral effects of military weaponry and the methods of determining and dealing with violations of the laws of just war theory.

scholarly journals Segmentation of Nature-Based Tourists in a Rural Area (2008–2009): A Single-Item Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinyang Deng ◽  
Jian Li
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Observation Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Although much research on nature-based tourism (NBT) has been conducted in natural areas, such as national parks and other protected areas, studies on NBT in rural areas have been limited. Moreover, few NBT studies, if any, have examined the impact of seasons and/or locations on visitors’ perceptions of NBT. This comes as little surprise, given that naturalness, the fundamental core of NBT, is likely to vary with seasons and locations. To this end, this study examines NBT in a rural area in the Appalachian Region, USA, with a focus on market segmentation, based on data collected from a four-season on-site survey of 2692 visitors. Different from many other tourism market studies where multiple-item measures are used, this study uses a single-item measure on natural observation/study to identify NBT segments. Analysis of variance, Chi-square analysis, and discriminant analysis are used to confirm NBT segments and determine the effectiveness of the use of the single-item approach for segmentation. The results show that the single-item approach is effective to differentiate visitors by their socio-demographics and trip characteristics, with findings being consistent with NBT studies in natural areas. It is worth noting that people’s responses to questions on natural observation/study vary with seasons and locations, suggesting that different perceptions of natural affinity may arise from the differences in seasons and locations with different levels of natural elements. Theoretical, methodological, and managerial implications are discussed.

Mother and Soldier: Raising a Child with a Disability in a Low-Income Military Family

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy E. Taylor ◽  
Shavaun M. Wall ◽  
Harriet Liebow ◽  
Christine A. Sabatino ◽  
Elizabeth M. Timberlake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Military Family ◽  
Active Member ◽  
Professional Lives ◽  
Personal Strengths ◽  
Competing Demands ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

This article presents the results of a study of six low-income women, each of whom is raising a child with a suspected or diagnosed disability while also serving as an active member of the armed forces. Their experiences as they attempt to strike a balance between the highly demanding work role of the military and their role as a mother of a child with disabilities are examined. This article also discusses the personal strengths these women display, the barriers they confront, the strategies they use to negotiate competing demands, and the impact of this effort on their personal and professional lives. Practice and policy implications are drawn for early intervention and family support programs.

scholarly journals Mt Apo and other national parks in the Philippines

Oryx ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Human Settlements ◽  
Conservation Programme ◽  
International Attention ◽  
Protected Natural Areas ◽  
Philippine Government

In 1984 international attention was focused on Mt Apo National Park in the Philippines when the IUCN declared it one of the world's most threatened protected natural areas. Human settlements had destroyed large areas of the park and in 1983 the Philippine Government reclassified over half of the park for agricultural development, although this was revoked in 1986. The author lived in the park while working on the Philippine Eagle Conservation Programme, witnessing the problems first-hand. He describes the park and the problems it faces, which he believes could be overcome.

Turkey's army reform could turn into power grab

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Constitutional Reforms ◽  
Military Relations ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Turkish Society

Subject The impact of the failed July coup on civilian-military relations. Significance The psychological impacts of the attempted coup across political life cannot be understated; it has far-reaching implications for the political, bureaucratic and even ideological structures of the Turkish Armed Forces (TSK). In the aftermath of the attempted putsch, President Recep Tayyip Erdogan is more determined than ever to alter the civilian-military machinery of government in Turkey radically. Impacts The purge and radical reforms will bring into question the TSK's operational and strategic reliability for Western partners. A permanently weakened TSK would ease the way for constitutional reforms strengthening Erdogan's grip on the state. It will take years to rebuild the confidence and prestige the military has lost among broad swathes of Turkish society. Any criticism of the TSK reforms, domestically or from abroad, will meet the authorities' fierce condemnation.

scholarly journals The Podlaskie White Stork Trail - Ecotourism on the Podlaskie Area

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 72-90
Author(s):  
Rafał Moroń ◽  
Aleksandra Vierek
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
White Stork ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
History Of ◽  
Protected Natural Areas

In this paper tourist sight and ecotouristic values of Podlaskie area and brand tourist product “The Podlaskie White Stork Trail”, was presented. This bicycling touristic route including the regions four National Parks (The Białowieża, Biebrza, Narew and Wigry NPs) and the Suwałki Landscape Park. The pristine of nature, rich culture and history of this land are ecotouristic attractions. Ecoturism is a form of active tourism involving visiting relatively undisturbed, often protected natural areas as: national or landscape parks and sanctuaries. This is tourism to areas of highly cultural and historical values, too.

scholarly journals Structural development of tourist recreational spaces in Siberia (on the example of Krasnoyarsk Krai)

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Yuliya Grigor'evna Yur
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Krasnoyarsk Krai ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Natural Heritage ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Specially Protected Natural Areas ◽  
Protected Natural Areas

The goal of this article lies in the analysis of the natural peculiarities of Krasnoyarsk Krai that comprise the tourist recreational potential of Siberia on the example of the Putorana State Natural Reserve, which is recognized by UNESCO as a World Natural Heritage Site. Research methodology employs the theoretical methods of analysis, generalization and synthesis of scientific methods with the use of data from scientific sources. The main results of the conducted research are as follows: 1) classification of tourist recreational zones by typological and taxonomic characteristics; 2) substantiation of the forms and types of tourism and recreation in the conditions of specially protected natural areas. The acquired results can be implemented in planning the efficient utilization of natural resources in Krasnoyarsk Krai and Siberian regions that have natural heritage sites. The scientific novelty and conclusions are associated with determination of natural resources of Krasnoyarsk Krai attractive for the development of tourism and recreational activities; as well as analysis and substantiation of the forms and types of tourism and recreation that are geared towards the vector of activity of natural heritage sites (specially protected natural areas) located in the region. It is noted that the measures carried out for organizing tourist recreational activity, without taking into account the peculiarities of functionality of natural heritage sites, increase the risks of anthropogenic impact and require constant monitoring and control of their implementation.

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