scholarly journals Neonatal Hypoglycemia Related to Glycine Levels in Uncontrolled Gestational Diabetes Mellitus during Mid-Late Pregnancy: Multicenter, Prospective Case-Cohort Observational Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yuhang Long ◽  
Le Chen ◽  
Yaochao Yang ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Hanxi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Glycosylated Haemoglobin ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neonatal Hypoglycemia ◽  
And Control

Aims. To explore the relationship between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and neonatal cord blood amino acid and carnitine levels after GDM was diagnosed among pregnant women monitoring glycosylated haemoglobin levels of 5.5%-6.4% during mid-late gestation. Methods. In all, 7289 qualified participants were recruited and divided into two groups (GDM and control groups) between 1 July 2015 and 1 July 2020, and all maternal-neonatal data were collected and analyzed at three centers. Results. Interestingly, glycine in cord blood was not only significantly different between groups (15.52 vs. 6.67, P < 0.001 ) but also associated with neonatal hypoglycemia ( r = 0.132 , P < 0.001 ). Although glycine was an independent positive factor with neonatal hypoglycemia, it had lacked effective size to predict the risk of neonatal hypoglycemia ( b = 0.002 , P < 0.001 ). Conclusion. The study identifies some differences and relationships in maternal-neonatal data when the GDM group has fluctuating glycosylated haemoglobin levels of 5.5%-6.4% without hypoglycemic drug intervention, compared with the control group. Although umbilical cord blood of glycine levels has a lack of effective power to predict the risk of neonatal hypoglycemia, it is probably an independent factor involved in the maternal-neonatal glucolipid metabolism.

scholarly journals The effect of social Nervous (SaSo) exercise with insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) on gestational diabetes mellitus among Indonesian pregnant women: a quasi-experimental study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Effatul Afifah ◽  
Detty Siti Nurdiati ◽  
Hamam Hadi ◽  
Zainal Muttaqien Sofro ◽  
Ahmad Hamim Sadewa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a carbohydrate intolerance condition that is diagnosed for the first-time during pregnancy and is associated with various adverse pregnancy outcomes for both mother and child, such as increased rates of perinatal complications and long-term morbidity. Exercise is a strategy to reduce hyperglycemia experienced during gestational diabetes mellitus. One type of exercise that can be done is a social nervous exercise (SaSo). SaSo can stimulate the parasympathetic or myelinated vagus nerves and control blood glucose by stimulating autonomic nerves system so that nerve homeostasis and glucose homeostasis occur. This study aimed to determine the impact of a SaSo program consisting of warm-up, core (prayer movements) and cool-down exercises on glucose homeostasis (HOMA-IR) parameters in women with GDM. Methods The study used a quasi-experimental design. Thirty-seven women with GDM at 24-28 weeks gestation were divided into an experimental group (n=19) with a regularly supervised SaSo program (n=18). The control group received only standard antenatal care for GDM. The exercise program started from the time of diagnosis of diabetes to six weeks of intervention conducted twice per week with sessions lasting 40-45 minutes. Bivariate analysis was used to test the difference in means with pretest and posttest results. Results Majority of pregnant women were in the not at-risk age category for control and intervention groups (79% and 83%, respectively). The baseline data results for the experimental and control groups were homogeneous, with no difference in baseline variables (P>0.05). The social nervous exercise experimental group had lower mean difference (MD±SD) levels of insulin resistence in late pregnancy compared to the control group (-9.15±10.06 vs 3.42 ±14.84) (P=0.004). Conclusions A social nervous exercise program has a beneficial effect on insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels in late pregnancy. Further research needs to be done with larger studies to confirm the findings of this study. Trial registration: Ethical approval was obtained from the Medical and Health Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta (KE/0978/08/2019).

scholarly journals Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy Increased Erythropoietin Level Affecting Differentiation Potency of Haematopoietic Stem Cell of Umbilical Cord Blood

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Razif Mohd Idris ◽  
Fazlina Nordin ◽  
Zaleha Abdullah Mahdy ◽  
S. Fadilah Abd Wahid
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Control Group

Background: The in utero environment has many factors that can support cell differentiation. Cytokines, chemokines and growth factors play big roles in haematopoietic mechanisms. Some diseases like gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) might affect the environment and haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) quality. The aim of this study is to investigate the adverse effects of GDM on umbilical cord blood (UCB) HSC in terms of differentiation potency including the UCB parameters used for banking and transplantation purposes.Methods: UCB-HSC was collected from 42 GDM and 38 normal pregnancies. UCB-HSC was isolated and further enriched using immuno-magnetic separation beads (MACS). The UCB-HSC were cultured in methylcellulose media to investigate the differentiation potency. The level of erythropoietin (EPO) and insulin in the UCB plasma was measured using enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) technique.Result: The UCB parameters; volume, total nucleated count (TNC) and total CD34+ cells were significantly reduced in the GDM group compared to the control group. The number of HSC progenitors' colonies were significantly reduced in the GDM group except for progenitor BFU-E, which was significantly increased (GDM = 94.19 ± 6.21, Control = 73.61 ± 2.73, p = 0.010). This data was associated with higher EPO level in GDM group. However, the insulin level in the GDM group was comparable to the Control group.Conclusion: Our results suggest that the changes in the in utero environment due to abnormalities during pregnancy such as GDM might affect the differentiation potency of UCB-HSC. These findings can be considered as an additional parameter for the inclusion and exclusion criteria for UCB banking, particularly for mothers with GDM.

scholarly journals Gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnancy increased erythropoietin level affecting differentiation potency of haematopoietic stem cell of umbilical cord blood

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Razif Mohd Idris ◽  
Fazlina Nordin ◽  
Zaleha Abdullah Mahdy ◽  
S Fadilah Abd Wahid
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Control Group

Abstract Background The in utero environment has many factors that can support cell differentiation. Cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors play big roles in haematopoietic mechanisms. Some diseases like gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) might affect the environment and quality of haematopoietic stem cell (HSC). This study aims to investigate the adverse effects of GDM on umbilical cord blood (UCB) HSC regarding its differentiation potency, including the UCB parameters used for banking and transplantation purposes. Methods UCB-HSC was collected from 42 GDM and 38 normal pregnancies. UCB-HSC was isolated and further enriched using immuno-magnetic separation beads (MACS). The UCB-HSC were cultured in methylcellulose media to investigate the differentiation potency. The level of erythropoietin (EPO) and insulin in the UCB plasma was measured using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) technique. Results The UCB parameters, i.e., volume, total nucleated count (TNC), and total CD34+ cells, were significantly reduced in the GDM group compared to the control group. The number of HSC progenitor colonies was significantly reduced in the GDM group, except for progenitor BFU-E, which was significantly increased (GDM = 94.19 ± 6.21, Control = 73.61 ± 2.73, p = 0.010). This data was associated with a higher EPO level in the GDM group. However, the insulin level in the GDM group was comparable to the control group. Conclusion Our results suggest that the changes in the in utero environment due to abnormalities during pregnancy, such as GDM might affect the differentiation potency of UCB-HSC. These findings can be considered as an additional parameter for the inclusion and exclusion criteria for UCB banking, particularly for mothers with GDM.

scholarly journals Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Is Associated with Reduced Dynamics of Gut Microbiota during the First Half of Pregnancy

mSystems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zheng ◽  
Qian Xu ◽  
Wenyu Huang ◽  
Qi Yan ◽  
Yating Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Linear Discriminant

ABSTRACT Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have different gut microbiota in late pregnancy compared to women without GDM. It remains unclear whether alterations of gut microbiota can be identified prior to the diagnosis of GDM. This study characterized dynamic changes of gut microbiota from the first trimester (T1) to the second trimester (T2) and evaluated their relationship with later development of GDM. Compared with the control group (n = 103), the GDM group (n = 31) exhibited distinct dynamics of gut microbiota, evidenced by taxonomic, functional, and structural shifts from T1 to T2. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) revealed that there were 10 taxa in T1 and 7 in T2 that differed in relative abundance between the GDM and control groups, including a consistent decrease in the levels of Coprococcus and Streptococcus in the GDM group. While the normoglycemic women exhibited substantial variations of gut microbiota from T1 to T2, their GDM-developing counterparts exhibited clearly reduced inter-time point shifts, as corroborated by the results of Wilcoxon signed-rank test and balance tree analysis. Moreover, cooccurrence network analysis revealed that the interbacterial interactions in the GDM group were minimal compared with those in the control group. In conclusion, lower numbers of dynamic changes in gut microbiota in the first half of pregnancy are associated with the development of GDM. IMPORTANCE GDM is one of the most common metabolic disorders during pregnancy and is associated with adverse short-term and long-term maternal and fetal outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine the connection between dynamic variations in gut microbiota and development of GDM. Whereas shifts in gut microbiota composition and function have been previously reported to be associated with GDM, very little is known regarding the early microbial changes that occur before the diagnosis of GDM. This study demonstrated that the dynamics in gut microbiota during the first half of pregnancy differed significantly between GDM and normoglycemic women. Our findings suggested that gut microbiota may potentially serve as an early biomarker for GDM.

scholarly journals Association of gestational diabetes mellitus with changes in gut microbiota composition at the species level

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Chen ◽  
Yu Gan ◽  
Yingtao Li ◽  
Wenzhi He ◽  
Weizhen Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a common endocrine disorder with rising prevalence in pregnancy, has been reported to be associated with alteration of gut microbiota in recent years. However, the role of gut microbiome in GDM physiopathology remains unclear. This pilot study aims to characterize the alteration of gut microbiota in GDM on species-level resolution and evaluate the relationship with occurrence of GDM. Methods An analysis based on 16S rRNA microarray was performed on fecal samples obtained from 30 women with GDM and 28 healthy pregnant women. Results We found 54 and 141 differentially abundant taxa between GDM and control group at the genus and the species level respectively. Among GDM patients, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius was inversely correlated with fasting glucose while certain species (e.g., Aureimonas altamirensis, Kosakonia cowanii) were positively correlated with fasting glucose. Conclusions This study suggests that there are large amounts of differentially abundant taxa between GDM and control group at the genus and the species level. Some of these taxa were correlated with blood glucose level and might be used as biomarkers for diagnoses and therapeutic targets for probiotics or synbiotics.

Gestational diabetes mellitus affects the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells in neonatal umbilical cord blood

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijie Zhang ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
Lingling Wei ◽  
Long Yan Yang ◽  
Dong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Erythroid Progenitors ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem

Abstract Background and Purpose There are abundant hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in cord blood. It was known that HSCs continue to differentiate into common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs) and common myeloid progenitors (CMPs). Furthermore, the CMPs could differentiate into megakaryocyte erythroid progenitors (MEPs), and MEPs ultimately differentiated into platelets and erythrocytes. It had been reported that the proportion of HSCs in cord blood was higher than that in healthy pregnant women, so as the incidence of neonatal polycythemia in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients. We aimed to investigate the HSCs population and the change of their differentiation in the cord blood of neonates of GDM mothers. Methods In this study, we collected cord blood from GDM and healthy pregnant women at delivery. Totally 75 cases were included, in which 52 were for healthy control group and 23 were for GDM group. Then the number and differentiation status of HSCs in cord blood of the two groups were observed. HSC (CD45+ CD34+), CLP (CD45+ CD34+ CD7+) and CMP (CD45+ CD34+ CD33+) cells were identified and quantified by flow cytometry. Results Compared to healthy controls, HSC number in cord blood from GDM group were significantly increased (0.77±0.063% vs.1.28±0.176%，p=0.0113). The number of CMP cells which were differentiated from HSCs were higher than control (28.69±3.223% vs.46.43±4.927%, p=0.0033), while CLP cell number were lower (27.04±2.044% vs.21.11±2.406%, p=0.0475). Conclusion In conclusion, compared with non-diabetic pregnant women, there were more HSCs in the cord blood of the newborns of GDM patients, and the differentiation of HSCs to CMP cells was increased, while the differentiation to CLP cells was decreased. Those findings were probably caused by the high glucose microenvironment and insulin medication in pregnant women with GDM, and the HSCs differentiation changes might be influencing factors of the high incidence of neonatal erythrocytosis in GDM patients.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Markers IL-10 and IL-35: Role in Developing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adele Bahar ◽  
Ozra Akha ◽  
Mahdi Bordbar ◽  
Saeid Abediankenari ◽  
Rezaali Mohammadpoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
And Control

Introduction: Inflammatory state is considered as the pathogenesis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). Cytokines can cause insulin resistance and maybe the molecular basis of inflammation in Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Aim: To assess the level of Interleukin-10 (IL-10) in addition to a new anti-inflammatory cytokine marker Interleukin-35 (IL-35) in pregnant women with and without GDM. Materials and Methods: Participants in the study included 29 pregnant women with GDM (case group) and 29 healthy pregnant women (control group). Blood levels of IL-10, IL-35, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) were measured in all participants. Independent t-test and Chi-square test were used for data analysis. Quantitative data between three gestational subgroups (<29, 29-32 and >32 weeks) in each GDM and control group were compared by ANOVA test. The p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean levels of IL-10 were 1.03±0.85 and 0.83±0.57 pg/mL (p=0.284) and the mean IL-35 concentrations were 10.2±8.1 and 8.8±4.3 pg/mL (p=0.437) in GDM and control groups, respectively. The mean CRP and ESR levels were higher in the GDM group than the controls but the differences were not statistically significant. In the GDM group, IL-10 was significantly lower at the early stage of pregnancy (<29 weeks) compared to the later stage (>32 weeks) (p=0.04), but this was not true in the control group. There was no significant difference between the mean level of IL-35 at different gestational ages in both GDM and control groups. Conclusion: The present study showed the decreased level of anti-inflammatory marker IL-10 in the late stage of pregnancy in diabetic women especially during the last weeks of gestation. New inflammatory marker IL-35 was not statistically significant in GDM subjects.

scholarly journals Changes of Serum Adiponectin and Glycated Albumin Levels in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Patients and Their Relationship with Insulin Resistance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingju WANG ◽  
Juan DU ◽  
Fenglian LIU
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Glycated Albumin ◽  
Serum Adiponectin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
And Control

Background: We aimed to investigate the changes of serum adiponectin and glycated albumin (GA) levels in gestational diabetes mellitus patients and their relationship with insulin resistance. Methods: Overall, 137 pregnant women were enrolled from Jinan City People's Hospital, Laiwu District, China from Jan 2015 to Jun 2018. Among them, 71 pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus were examined as diabetes group, and 66 normal pregnant women as normal pregnant women group. In addition, 58 normal non-pregnant women of childbearing age who were examined in our hospital during the same period were selected as a control group. The serum adiponectin and GA levels of the three groups were compared, and the relationship between serum adiponectin, GA levels and insulin resistance was analyzed. Results: The serum adiponectin level of pregnant women in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) group was significantly lower than that of normal pregnant women and control group (P=0.031, P=0.027). The serum GA level of pregnant women in GDM group was significantly higher than that of normal pregnant women and control group (P<0.001). Pearson correlation analysis showed that GA was positively correlated with Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), Fasting insulin (FINS) and Insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR) levels (P<0.001), while adiponectin was negatively correlated with FPG FINS and HOMA-IR levels (P<0.001). Conclusion: Abnormal levels of serum GA and adiponectin are closely related to insulin resistance in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus. Detection of serum GA and adiponectin levels can diagnose gestational diabetes mellitus quickly and effectively.

scholarly journals Gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnancy increased erythropoietin level affecting differentiation potency of haematopoietic stem cell of umbilical cord blood

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fazlina Nordin ◽  
Mohd Razif Mohd Idris ◽  
Zaleha Abdullah Mahdy ◽  
S Fadilah Abd Wahid
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Control Group ◽  
In Utero Environment

Abstract Background The in utero environment has many factors that can support cell differentiation. Cytokines, chemokines and growth factors play big roles in haematopoietic mechanisms. Some diseases like gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) might affect the environment and haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) quality. The aim of this study is to investigate the adverse effects of GDM on umbilical cord blood (UCB) HSC in terms of differentiation potency including the UCB parameters used for banking and transplantation purposes. Methods UCB-HSC was isolated and further enriched using immuno-magnetic separation beads (MACS). The UCB-HSC were cultured in methylcellulose media to investigate the differentiation potency. The level of erythropoietin (EPO) and insulin in the UCB plasma was measured using enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) technique. Results The UCB parameters; volume, total nucleated count (TNC) and total CD34+ cells were significantly reduced in the GDM group compared to the control group. The number of HSC progenitors’ colonies were significantly reduced in the GDM group except for progenitor BFU-E, which was significantly increased (GDM=94.19 ± 6.21, Control=73.61 ± 2.73, p=0.010 ). This data was associated with higher EPO level in GDM group. However, the insulin level in the GDM group was comparable to the Control group. Conclusion Our results suggest that the changes in the in utero environment due to abnormalities during pregnancy such as GDM affect the differentiation potency of UCB-HSC. These findings can be considered as an additional parameter for the inclusion and exclusion criteria for UCB banking, particularly for mothers with GDM.

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