scholarly journals Changes of Serum Adiponectin and Glycated Albumin Levels in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Patients and Their Relationship with Insulin Resistance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingju WANG ◽  
Juan DU ◽  
Fenglian LIU
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Glycated Albumin ◽  
Serum Adiponectin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
And Control

Background: We aimed to investigate the changes of serum adiponectin and glycated albumin (GA) levels in gestational diabetes mellitus patients and their relationship with insulin resistance. Methods: Overall, 137 pregnant women were enrolled from Jinan City People's Hospital, Laiwu District, China from Jan 2015 to Jun 2018. Among them, 71 pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus were examined as diabetes group, and 66 normal pregnant women as normal pregnant women group. In addition, 58 normal non-pregnant women of childbearing age who were examined in our hospital during the same period were selected as a control group. The serum adiponectin and GA levels of the three groups were compared, and the relationship between serum adiponectin, GA levels and insulin resistance was analyzed. Results: The serum adiponectin level of pregnant women in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) group was significantly lower than that of normal pregnant women and control group (P=0.031, P=0.027). The serum GA level of pregnant women in GDM group was significantly higher than that of normal pregnant women and control group (P<0.001). Pearson correlation analysis showed that GA was positively correlated with Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), Fasting insulin (FINS) and Insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR) levels (P<0.001), while adiponectin was negatively correlated with FPG FINS and HOMA-IR levels (P<0.001). Conclusion: Abnormal levels of serum GA and adiponectin are closely related to insulin resistance in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus. Detection of serum GA and adiponectin levels can diagnose gestational diabetes mellitus quickly and effectively.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Markers IL-10 and IL-35: Role in Developing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adele Bahar ◽  
Ozra Akha ◽  
Mahdi Bordbar ◽  
Saeid Abediankenari ◽  
Rezaali Mohammadpoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
And Control

Introduction: Inflammatory state is considered as the pathogenesis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). Cytokines can cause insulin resistance and maybe the molecular basis of inflammation in Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Aim: To assess the level of Interleukin-10 (IL-10) in addition to a new anti-inflammatory cytokine marker Interleukin-35 (IL-35) in pregnant women with and without GDM. Materials and Methods: Participants in the study included 29 pregnant women with GDM (case group) and 29 healthy pregnant women (control group). Blood levels of IL-10, IL-35, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) were measured in all participants. Independent t-test and Chi-square test were used for data analysis. Quantitative data between three gestational subgroups (<29, 29-32 and >32 weeks) in each GDM and control group were compared by ANOVA test. The p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean levels of IL-10 were 1.03±0.85 and 0.83±0.57 pg/mL (p=0.284) and the mean IL-35 concentrations were 10.2±8.1 and 8.8±4.3 pg/mL (p=0.437) in GDM and control groups, respectively. The mean CRP and ESR levels were higher in the GDM group than the controls but the differences were not statistically significant. In the GDM group, IL-10 was significantly lower at the early stage of pregnancy (<29 weeks) compared to the later stage (>32 weeks) (p=0.04), but this was not true in the control group. There was no significant difference between the mean level of IL-35 at different gestational ages in both GDM and control groups. Conclusion: The present study showed the decreased level of anti-inflammatory marker IL-10 in the late stage of pregnancy in diabetic women especially during the last weeks of gestation. New inflammatory marker IL-35 was not statistically significant in GDM subjects.

scholarly journals The effect of social Nervous (SaSo) exercise with insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) on gestational diabetes mellitus among Indonesian pregnant women: a quasi-experimental study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Effatul Afifah ◽  
Detty Siti Nurdiati ◽  
Hamam Hadi ◽  
Zainal Muttaqien Sofro ◽  
Ahmad Hamim Sadewa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a carbohydrate intolerance condition that is diagnosed for the first-time during pregnancy and is associated with various adverse pregnancy outcomes for both mother and child, such as increased rates of perinatal complications and long-term morbidity. Exercise is a strategy to reduce hyperglycemia experienced during gestational diabetes mellitus. One type of exercise that can be done is a social nervous exercise (SaSo). SaSo can stimulate the parasympathetic or myelinated vagus nerves and control blood glucose by stimulating autonomic nerves system so that nerve homeostasis and glucose homeostasis occur. This study aimed to determine the impact of a SaSo program consisting of warm-up, core (prayer movements) and cool-down exercises on glucose homeostasis (HOMA-IR) parameters in women with GDM. Methods The study used a quasi-experimental design. Thirty-seven women with GDM at 24-28 weeks gestation were divided into an experimental group (n=19) with a regularly supervised SaSo program (n=18). The control group received only standard antenatal care for GDM. The exercise program started from the time of diagnosis of diabetes to six weeks of intervention conducted twice per week with sessions lasting 40-45 minutes. Bivariate analysis was used to test the difference in means with pretest and posttest results. Results Majority of pregnant women were in the not at-risk age category for control and intervention groups (79% and 83%, respectively). The baseline data results for the experimental and control groups were homogeneous, with no difference in baseline variables (P>0.05). The social nervous exercise experimental group had lower mean difference (MD±SD) levels of insulin resistence in late pregnancy compared to the control group (-9.15±10.06 vs 3.42 ±14.84) (P=0.004). Conclusions A social nervous exercise program has a beneficial effect on insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels in late pregnancy. Further research needs to be done with larger studies to confirm the findings of this study. Trial registration: Ethical approval was obtained from the Medical and Health Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta (KE/0978/08/2019).

Thyroid Dysfunction in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 895-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahin Safian ◽  
Farzaneh Esna-Ashari ◽  
Shiva Borzouei
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

Aims: Investigation thyroid dysfunction and autoimmunity in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Background: This article was written to evaluate the thyroid function and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti- TPO) antibodies in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Method: A total of 252 women with GDM and 252 healthy pregnant women were enrolled. Thyroid tests, including TSH, FreeT3, Free T4, and anti-TPO were performed for all women at 24–28 weeks of gestation. Data analysis was then carried out using SPSS ver. 22. Result: There was a significant difference between the experimental group (38.4%) and the control group (14.06%) in terms of the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (p= 0.016). The frequency of anti-TPO was higher in the experimental group than the control group and positive anti-TPO was observed in 18.6% of women with GDM and 10.3% of healthy pregnant women (P= 0.008). Conclusion: Thyroid disorders are observed in pregnant women with GDM more frequently than healthy individuals and it may be thus reasonable to perform thyroid tests routinely.

scholarly journals Effect of Diabetes Education Program on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Knowledge Among Diabetic Pregnant Women: An Experimental Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uchenna Cosmas Ugwu ◽  
Osmond Chukwuemeka Ene
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Diabetes Education ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a disease condition present during pregnancy and if not properly managed would have severe effect on the maternal and neonatal health. This research determined the effect of diabetes education program (DEP) on gestational diabetes mellitus knowledge (GDMK) among diabetic pregnant women (DPW) and significant differences within groups.Methods: This study was based on a pretest – posttest measures of experimental research design involving experimental (n=110) and control (n=110) groups. A total of 220 DPW were purposively recruited from public hospitals in Nigeria between October and December 2019. The DEP was delivered to DPW in experimental group. The Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Knowledge Questionnaire (GDMKQ) of 0.774 was used for data collection. The statistical analysis was completed using IBM SPSS version 22. Results: The results revealed that no statistically significant difference existed on GDM history (P=0.801>0.05), smoking habit (P=0.0615>0.05), parity status (P=0.503>0.05), and level of education (P=0.720>0.05), while difference was observed on alcohol status (P=0.011<0.05), and age by birth (P=0.009<0.05). Also, while no significant difference existed between the DPW in the treatment and control groups on GDMK pretest measures (P=0.901>0.05), difference existed between the DPW in the intervention and control groups on GDMK posttest scores (P=0.026<0.05). Also, the higher percentage score (78%) of DPW in the experimental group in the posttest GDMK measures which is higher than the score in the pretest measures (55%) of the same group were indications that DEP has significant effect on GDMK among DPW.Conclusion: This demonstrates that reliable interventions are effective in combating pregnancy-related complications. This requires collaborative efforts by concerned bodies to combat notable complications during pregnancy using reliable intervention.Trial Registration: In retrospect, the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry documented the study with registration trial code (Trial No.: PACTR201903003187005)

scholarly journals Evaluation of epicardial fat tissue thickness and aortic stiffness in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Melike Nur Akın ◽  
Burcu Kasap ◽  
Fatih Akın ◽  
Burak Sezgin ◽  
İbrahim Altun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Aortic Stiffness ◽  
Epicardial Fat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Epicardial Fat Tissue

Objective We aimed to assess the relationship between gestational diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease by measuring epicardial fat tissue thickness and aortic stiffness in pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus. Methods 28 pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus and 25 pregnant women without gestational diabetes mellitus were included in the research. Body mass index, laboratory values, blood pressure measurements and obstetric history findings of the study population were recorded. All participants of the study population were evaluated with transthoracic echocardiography between 24 and 28 weeks of gestational period. The measurement of epicardial fat tissue thickness was taken and aortic stiffness index was also calculated. Results The age, gravidity, parity and obstetric history of the two groups were similar. Epicardial fat tissue thickness was found significantly higher in gestational diabetes mellitus group than control group (0.416 cm and 0.336 cm, respectively; p<0.001). However, no significant difference was found in aortic stiffness measurements of the two groups (p=0.079). Conclusion According to the results of our study, epicardial fat tissue thickness was found to be statistically significantly higher in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus compared to the control group. The fact that no difference was detected in other cardiovascular parameters suggests that measurement of epicardial fat tissue thickness in gestational period may be a beneficial adjunctive tool in early detection of gestational diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Expression of Dual-Specificity Phosphatase 9 in Placenta and Its Relationship with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Qiang Wei ◽  
Xiaomin Pu ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Yi Xu ◽  
Meifan Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Gestational Week

Introduction. The aim of the present study was to examine placental levels of DUSP9 mRNA and protein and to investigate the potential role of DUSP9 in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods. Placental tissues from pregnant women with GDM (n=17) and normal healthy pregnant women (n=16) were collected at delivery. The expression of DUSP9 mRNA in placental tissue was analyzed by real-time PCR, while the expression of DUPS9 protein was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Differences in the expression levels of DUSP9 mRNA and protein between the two groups were assessed, as well as potential correlations between DUSP9 mRNA expression levels and relevant clinical indicators. Results. Blood glucose levels were significantly higher in the GDM group than in the control group, based on an oral glucose tolerance test. DUSP9 protein was expressed in the placental cytotrophoblasts in both groups, and placental levels of DUSP9 protein and mRNA were significantly higher in women with GDM. Placental DUSP9 mRNA levels in all 33 women correlated moderately with delivery gestational week (R=0.465, P=0.006), fasting plasma glucose (R=0.350, P=0.046), 1-hour postload plasma glucose (R=0.363, P = 0.038), and 2-hour postload plasma glucose (R=0.366, P=0.036), but not with maternal age, preconception body mass index, prenatal body mass index, or neonatal birth weight. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that delivery gestational week was an influence factor of DUSP9 mRNA levels (β1=0.026, P<0.05). Conclusions. DUSP9 upregulation in the placenta of GDM pregnant women may promote insulin resistance, which may correlate with the occurrence of GDM. But there is still possibility that DUSP9 upregulation was the results of insulin resistance and/or hyperglycemia. Further research is needed to explore the role of DUSP9 in GDM.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome in a Danish Population of Women with Previous Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Is Three-Fold Higher than in the General Population

2005 ◽  
Vol 90 (7) ◽  
pp. 4004-4010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannet Lauenborg ◽  
Elisabeth Mathiesen ◽  
Torben Hansen ◽  
Charlotte Glümer ◽  
Torben Jørgensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Abstract Context: Diabetes and obesity, components of the metabolic syndrome, are common characteristics of women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Due to increasing incidence of diabetes and obesity, the metabolic syndrome might comprise a major health problem among these women. Objective: The objective was to estimate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome by three different criteria [World Health Organization 1999 (WHO), The National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults 2001, and European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance 2002] among women with previous GDM. Design: We conducted a follow-up study of a Danish cohort of women admitted in 1978–1996 to the Diabetes and Pregnancy Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, with diet-treated GDM. The follow-up took place in 2000–2002 at median 9.8 yr (interquartile range 6.4–17.2) after pregnancy. Results were compared with a control group of 1000 age-matched women from a population-based sample (Inter99). Participants: Four hundred eighty-one women at median age 43 yr (interquartile range 38–48) participated. Main Outcome Measures: The main outcome measures were body mass index (BMI), glucose tolerance, blood pressure, lipid profile, and insulin resistance. Results: Independent of the criteria, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was three times higher in the prior GDM group, compared with the control group (e.g. WHO: 38.4 vs. 13.4%, P &lt; 0.0005). Age- and BMI-adjusted odds ratio for having the WHO-defined metabolic syndrome was 3.4 (95% confidence interval 2.5–4.8) for the prior GDM group vs. the control group. Obese women (BMI &gt; 30 kg/m2) with previous GDM had a more than 7-fold increased prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (WHO), compared with normal-weight prior GDM women (BMI &lt; 25 kg/m2). In glucose-tolerant women, the prevalence was doubled in the prior GDM group, compared with control group. Conclusion: The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was three times as high in women with prior diet-treated GDM, compared with age-matched control subjects.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory activities of puerarin in high-fat diet-fed rats with streptozotocin-induced gestational diabetes mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 7537-7546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenting Xu ◽  
Mengyu Tang ◽  
Jiahui Wang ◽  
Lihong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Tnf Α

Abstract To investigate the effect of puerarin on insulin resistance and inflammation in rats with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Gestational diabetic model rats were established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (25 mg/kg) combined with high-fat feeding and were randomly assigned to three groups: the control group, the GDM group, and the puerarin-treated group. Puerarin was intragastrically administered to rats daily until the offspring were born. The rats in both the GDM group and control group were administered the same volume of normal saline. Serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in all groups of rats were measured. Haematoxylin and eosin staining was used to evaluate morphological changes in the liver, pancreas, and adipose tissues around the reproductive organs. Western blotting was carried out to measure the protein expression of IRS-1 and inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, TLR4, MyD88 and phosphorylated NF-κB, in the adipose tissues around the reproductive organs. Puerarin had preventive effects on GDM-induced pathological changes and ameliorated glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in GDM rats. Puerarin upregulated IRS-1 expression and decreased the protein expression of TNF-α, TLR4, and MyD88 as well as the levels of phosphorylated NF-κB in adipose tissues around the reproductive organs in GDM rats. This study indicated that puerarin exerts anti-inflammatory effects by downregulating the important TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB inflammatory signalling pathway. Therefore, puerarin can decrease the expression of TNF-α and ameliorate insulin resistance in GDM rats, suggesting the potential efficacy of puerarin in GDM treatment.

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