scholarly journals Supply and Demand Matching of Financial Support Policies for Private Enterprises Based on Text Measurement

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Jun Gu ◽  
Rong Zhang ◽  
Yi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Financial Service ◽  
Private Enterprises ◽  
Training Set ◽  
Service Network ◽  
Financing Channels ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Computing Method ◽  
And Training

The degree of matching between supply and demand for financial support policies is a key factor for policy effectiveness. In this paper, we use policy text computing method that integrates topic mining, text classification, and training set predictions to study the supply and demand matching of China’s financial support policies for private enterprises. We find that supply and demand match for policies on diversified financing channels. However, there is mismatch in financial service facilitation policies and local subsidy policies. Our research implies that China’s development of a multiple-layer financial market has promoted the diversification of financing channels, which has improved the financing conditions for private enterprises. However, financial service network is still not convenient to facilitate private enterprises.

Innovative Techniques and Strategies of Skill Building for Human Resource Development in SMEs, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arti Awasthi
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Skill Development ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Skill Building ◽  
And Training

India has gradually evolved as knowledge based economy due to the abundance of capable, flexible and qualified human capital. With the constantly rising influence of globalization, India has immense opportunities to establish its distinctive position in the world. However, there is a need to further develop and empower the human capital to ensure the nations global competitiveness. Despite the empathetic stress laid on education and training in this country, there is still a shortage of skilled manpower to address the mounting needs and demands of the economy. Skill building can be viewed as an instrument to improve the effectiveness and contribution of labor to the overall production. It is as an important ingredient to push the production possibility frontier outward and to take growth rate of the economy to a higher trajectory. This paper focuses on skill development in Small and Medium Enterprise (SMEs) which contribute nearly 8 percent of the country's GDP, 45 percent of the manufacturing output and 40 percent of the exports. They provide the largest share of employment after agriculture. They are the nurseries for entrepreneurship and innovation. SMEs have been established in almost all-major sectors in the Indian industry. The main assets for any firm, especially small and medium sized enterprises are their human capital. This is even more important in the knowledge based economy, where intangible factors and services are of growing importance. The rapid obsolescence of knowledge is a key factor of the knowledge economy. However, we also know that for a small business it is very difficult to engage staff in education and training in order to update and upgrade their skills within continuous learning approach. Therefore there is a need to innovate new techniques and strategies of skill development to develop human capital in SME's.

scholarly journals Knowledge Economies: The Singapore Example

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravinder Sidhu
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Knowledge Economies ◽  
World Class ◽  
World Class Universities ◽  
And Training

Singapore's government formulated the Global Schoolhouse, a policy platform based on three pillars: investing financial support with an identified group of “world-class universities” to establish operations in Singapore; attracting 150,000 international students by 2015 to study in both private and state-run education institutions; and remodel all levels of Singaporean education. Its knowledge economy plans require Singapore's citizens to be self-reliant, to better themselves through education and training, and if necessary to relocate themselves regionally to exploit opportunities, rather than expecting their government to take responsibility for their employment.

Flat Minima

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepp Hochreiter ◽  
Jürgen Schmidhuber
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Error Function ◽  
Low Complexity ◽  
Generalization Error ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Generalization Capability ◽  
Training Set ◽  
Weight Decay ◽  
Optimal Brain Surgeon ◽  
And Training

We present a new algorithm for finding low-complexity neural networks with high generalization capability. The algorithm searches for a “flat” minimum of the error function. A flat minimum is a large connected region in weight space where the error remains approximately constant. An MDL-based, Bayesian argument suggests that flat minima correspond to “simple” networks and low expected overfitting. The argument is based on a Gibbs algorithm variant and a novel way of splitting generalization error into underfitting and overfitting error. Unlike many previous approaches, ours does not require gaussian assumptions and does not depend on a “good” weight prior. Instead we have a prior over input output functions, thus taking into account net architecture and training set. Although our algorithm requires the computation of second-order derivatives, it has backpropagation's order of complexity. Automatically, it effectively prunes units, weights, and input lines. Various experiments with feedforward and recurrent nets are described. In an application to stock market prediction, flat minimum search outperforms conventional backprop, weight decay, and “optimal brain surgeon/optimal brain damage.”

Location Guided System of Training Solutions and Learning Itineraries Based on Competences Adapted to Users’ Needs

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Jose López-Ruiz ◽  
Pablo Lara-Navarra ◽  
Enric Serradell-Lopez ◽  
Josep Antoni Martínez-Aceituno
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Learning Needs ◽  
Starting Position ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Model Of Competency ◽  
Market Needs ◽  
Training Expectations ◽  
The University ◽  
And Training

Competency design stands out among the methodological and educational model changes introduced by the EHEA (European Higher Education Area). This concept is a key factor when developing programs based on academic and professional profiles that respond to social and labour market needs. The UOC eLearning GPS is based on competences and is meant to reduce the gap between formal training and the reality of the labour market and social needs that traditionally has characterized the university. These aspects are the basis of this application. Using a language of competences, the application helps the students identify their main skills and capacities, as well as areas of improvement. Following the model of competency design, this tool helps the user detect and reduce the gap between a starting position of competence and his or her learning and training expectations. UOC eLearning GPS application offers solutions and learning itineraries closer to the user’s real learning needs.

scholarly journals On the utility of dreaming: A general model for how learning in artificial agents can benefit from data hallucination

2020 ◽  
pp. 105971231989648 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Windridge ◽  
Henrik Svensson ◽  
Serge Thill
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Artificial Agents ◽  
Learning Context ◽  
Training Set ◽  
Convergence Point ◽  
And Training ◽  
General Method

We consider the benefits of dream mechanisms – that is, the ability to simulate new experiences based on past ones – in a machine learning context. Specifically, we are interested in learning for artificial agents that act in the world, and operationalize “dreaming” as a mechanism by which such an agent can use its own model of the learning environment to generate new hypotheses and training data. We first show that it is not necessarily a given that such a data-hallucination process is useful, since it can easily lead to a training set dominated by spurious imagined data until an ill-defined convergence point is reached. We then analyse a notably successful implementation of a machine learning-based dreaming mechanism by Ha and Schmidhuber (Ha, D., & Schmidhuber, J. (2018). World models. arXiv e-prints, arXiv:1803.10122). On that basis, we then develop a general framework by which an agent can generate simulated data to learn from in a manner that is beneficial to the agent. This, we argue, then forms a general method for an operationalized dream-like mechanism. We finish by demonstrating the general conditions under which such mechanisms can be useful in machine learning, wherein the implicit simulator inference and extrapolation involved in dreaming act without reinforcing inference error even when inference is incomplete.

scholarly journals Inter-region planning and analysis of water resources by using WEAP model Seybouse (Annaba) and Coastal East of Constantine (El-Taref)

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarra Mansouri ◽  
Lahbassi Ouerdachi ◽  
Mohamed Remaoun
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Ecological Sustainability ◽  
Actual System ◽  
Weap Model ◽  
System Use ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Response To Water

Abstract Water is seen as key factor for development. Its scarcity raises concerns at all scales. In regards to water resources, Annaba and El-Taref are intimately connected, the different activities (groundwater and superficial), focused on increasing supply, have been considered as a response to water demand. The actual system use of water resources is not able to sustain water needs that are more and more growing in different expansion sectors. Consequently, a strategy should therefore be sought to integrate the various sectoral needs in available water resources in order to reach the economic and ecological sustainability. We will try to respond to this problem by use of Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model. This study is the first attempt to estimate water demand and analysis of multiple and competing uses of hydro-system in Seybouse’s Wadi basin and to make comparison with proposed water storage estimates. This model was applied according to five different scenarios which reflect the best and worst conditions of the supply and demand, not only to evaluate water demand deficit, but also to help planners to the alternative management. The model stimulation showed that the area study is sensitive to a serious water scarcity by 2030. It is possible to observe an improvement with integration of other management strategies for a best operating system.

scholarly journals Variance reduction trends on ‘boosted’ classifiers

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-154
Author(s):  
Virginia Wheway
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Variance Reduction ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Ensemble Classification ◽  
Classification Error ◽  
Ensemble Classifiers ◽  
Training Set ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Boosted Classifiers

Ensemble classification techniques such as bagging, (Breiman, 1996a), boosting (Freund & Schapire, 1997) and arcing algorithms (Breiman, 1997) have received much attention in recent literature. Such techniques have been shown to lead to reduced classification error on unseen cases. Even when the ensemble is trained well beyond zero training set error, the ensemble continues to exhibit improved classification error on unseen cases. Despite many studies and conjectures, the reasons behind this improved performance and understanding of the underlying probabilistic structures remain open and challenging problems. More recently, diagnostics such as edge and margin (Breiman, 1997; Freund & Schapire, 1997; Schapire et al., 1998) have been used to explain the improvements made when ensemble classifiers are built. This paper presents some interesting results from an empirical study performed on a set of representative datasets using the decision tree learner C4.5 (Quinlan, 1993). An exponential-like decay in the variance of the edge is observed as the number of boosting trials is increased. i.e. boosting appears to ‘homogenise’ the edge. Some initial theory is presented which indicates that a lack of correlation between the errors of individual classifiers is a key factor in this variance reduction.

Economic competencies and situation-specific commercial competencies: Reflections on conceptualization and measurement

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Seeber
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Vocational Education And Training ◽  
And Training

From a societal perspective, vocational education and training must enable young adults to meet the challenges of the labour market in a globalized world, reduce the mismatch of supply and demand of qualifications (e.g. youth unemployment leading to disadvantages for individuals, society and national economies) and improve social cohesion. From an individual perspective, vocational education and training should develop young adults’ vocational competencies, support their individual personality development and their integration into the labour market and society, help secure their livelihood and enable them to lead self-determined lives as citizens. Therefore, the assessment of competencies obtained in vocational education and training programmes has emerged as a critical issue to develop workforces and the capacity for life-long learning and to foster civic participation as a responsible citizen. This article provides some insights into the modelling and measurement of competencies in vocational education and training, where occupational and cross-occupational competencies are necessary to cope with the requirements of workplaces, as a responsible citizen and in private life. In this article, cross-occupational economic competencies and occupation-specific commercial competencies in the area of business and administration are discussed. Both constructs are based on economic theories, concepts and central terms; nevertheless, the situation-specific context and requirements may vary substantially. Thus, different approaches to define and measure both constructs seem to be necessary.

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