Entrepreneurial Success and Opportunities for Women and Female Youth in Pakistan

Entrepreneurship adventures and small business setups run and controlled by Pakistani youth and particularly students have a crucial economic and social impact. The white-collar professions are more preferred and pursued as compared to business models and trading opportunities. The factors considered for Pakistani entrepreneurs are entrepreneurial traits, development of creative leadership capabilities, overcoming the tyranny of fear, perfectionism and criticism, creative thinking, and development of business ideas. Role of women as entrepreneurs in Pakistan is central, and women's participation is vital for the prosperity of the economy of Pakistan. The collection of data and type of business involved demonstrate that the key factors and challenges are entrepreneurial characteristics and traits, employee requirements, motivation to become entrepreneurs, factors and challenges in development of business, profitability, sustainability, and success story.

The influence of gaming and non-gaming experience on customers’ response to the casino

The study examines how customers’ experiences with gaming and non-gaming services offered by casino resorts affect their response toward the casino with the primary visiting purpose being modelled as a moderator. The response opted for this study includes place attachment, customer spending within the casino premises during their trip, and willingness to revisit and spread word of mouth as loyalty indicators. The study was undertaken in Macau casino resorts. Data were collected from visitors who had gambled and consumed in at least one of the resorts. The results show that customer experience, place attachment, and spend were significantly related to customer loyalty. Place attachment accounts for customers’ spending at the casino. The moderation relationships are rather complex, dependent upon the influence of other variables. This research enriches experiential marketing, consumer behaviour, and loyalty research. The findings may also be utilised by casinos to develop more appropriate marketing strategies to maximise business profitability.

Exploring a circular business model: Insights from the institutional theory perspective and the business model lens

Circular entrepreneurship is becoming a new, promising reality, in the manner of needed radical paradigmatic change in the era of Anthropocene. Circular entrepreneurs intend to create social and environmental value while they build financially viable businesses. They are embedded in multiple institutionalised value systems that they are expected to adhere to. Those institutionalised systems provide circular entrepreneurs with different, in many cases, contradictory norms, values and guiding principles. Substantial amount of research has been done to date to examine the impact of institutions on entrepreneurial endeavours. And yet, research lacks sufficient insights into how circular entrepreneurs engage with the institutional structures in designing business models on a financially feasible ground while creating social and environmental value. To address this, this paper investigates how circular entrepreneurs respond to the value systems of surrounding institutions in business modelling and how two fundamental aspects of embeddedness, namely resource integration and value cocreation, are achieved within a circular business model that is coherent in itself and with the entrepreneur's ambitions. Both the institutional context and the institutional logics surrounding entrepreneurs are examined to comprehend the surrounding institutional systems more in-depth and extensively. By analysing a longitudinal in-depth case study, this article aims to develop better insights into circular business modelling and underlying mechanisms of embeddedness. The case is a born-circular small cidermaker in Cornwall (UK), namely Wasted Apple. The findings show that the circular entrepreneur is surrounded by dominant normative institutions forming the principles of business model design. circular entrepreneurs mark fidelity to the institutional norms to obtain a range of microcompetencies and to manage integrated hybrid tensions within the value creation system. And therefore, a circular business model is a more holistic and inclusive structure as compared to a typical conventional linear business model. And yet, paradoxically embeddedness facilitates business survival but hinders strategic business planning as well as business profitability and growth.

Intergenerational Differences in Family Business Management and Their Influence on Business Profitability

The generational change in the family business opens up expectations of strategies such as sustainability, professionalisation and internationalisation. Yet, there are gaps in current literature which fail to explain whether there are benefits in such strategies according to their management, their generational status, and their effects on performance. This paper compared first with second and later generation companies through the relevant characteristics. A regression analysis was applied to a sample that was identified by the Spanish Family Business Institute with information on growth strategy, corporate governance, professionalisation, and ownership, that is supported by financial data for the period of 2016–2020. The results showed that, although the differences in terms of profitability were small between generations, there were significant differences in management that affected performance. Growth tended to be lower in the second and subsequent generations, which also h a greater tendency to internationalise, being motivated by the professionalisation of management. Previous works in the literature have analysed differences in profitability between generations, however the analysis in this present work investigated the origin of these differences. The results showed disparities in management that allowed for the obtaining of different profitability indices, and therefore are of practical importance in the management of the internationalisation, growth, and sustainability of the family business in the face of intergenerational succession.

Strategies to Improve Financial Profitability in the Banking Industry

More than 50% of business failures in the United States are because of leaders’ inability to manage working capital. This qualitative, multiple case study is grounded in the cash conversion cycle theory. The purpose is to explore the strategies bank leaders have used to improve working capital management in three banks in Kentucky to increase bank profitability and improve financial stability. Data were collected using semistructured interviews with three different banking leaders who have implemented successful working capital strategies. Using methodological triangulation and Yin’s five-step data analysis resulted: (a) risk and liquidity, (b) top-down approach, and (c) investment approach. The findings from this study include strategies for improving the use of working capital, leading to business profitability and increases in employment opportunities.

FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF TILAPIA (O. niloticus) FRY BUSINESS ACTIVITY AT THE KLEMUNAN FISH FRY CENTER, BLITAR DISTRICT

<p><em>Tilapia (O. niloticus) fish hatchery activity is a fishery business unit developed at the Klemunan Fish Fry Center (BBI), Blitar Regency. The purpose of this study was to determine the financial value and profit of the tilapia (O. niloticus) hatchery at the Klemunan Fish Fry Center (BBI), Blitar Regency. The research method used in this research is a survey research method with research data collection in 3 ways : active participation interviews, and observations. The financial analysis indicators analyzed are business profitability variables, R/C Ratio, Rentabilitas, Break Event Point (BEP) units and BEP sales. Based on the results of the financial analysis, the business profit value is Rp. 11.170.000,-, R/C Ratio at 8.81, BEP Unit at 58.6, BEP Sales Rp. 2,349,290, -, and business profitability of 49.9%, where the value of these indicators is very feasible because the numbers meet the criteria for a profitable business. So, from this research it can be concluded that based on business financial analysis which includes profitability analysis, R/C Ratio, BEP Unit, BEP Sales, and rantabilitas business, tilapia (O. niloticus) hatchery business activities at BBI Klemunan are very profitable and prospective to be developed.</em></p>

Impact of Business Communication Determinants on Business Profitability: An Empirical Evidence of Citibank in Greece

The aim of this research was to assess the impact of business communication on business profitability using Citibank Greece as the case study. Communication has been for a long time a great tool of improved performance in organizations because it contributes in bridging the gap between the organstaion and its different stakeholders. However, little focus is normally given on how communication influences profitability of different businesses. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the link between business communication and business profitability by employing literature and contextual based research instrument. The research was conducted as a descriptive survey from where data were collected using an online survey questionnaire. The analysis of data was conducted using various expository statistical methods of analysis. Finally, the obtained results strongly suggest that effective communication in business has an obvious and indisputable influence on business profitability and performance.

Macro and microeconomic analysis of the impact of the covid-19 pandemic in Chile and the projections of the central bank's

This article offers a first approximation of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Chilean macro and microeconomic environment, using representative data from the latest formal surveys in the country. Here, the number of active firms plummeted in part due to the social crisis that began on October 18, 2019, and losses were felt in most industries due to the pandemic crisis that continues to generate job losses and low business profitability. These first results have implications for central bank policies and can predict medium and medium-term projections, especially for the country's economic and social growth.