scholarly journals Central Obesity and Associated Factors among Adult Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in Armed Force Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Adnan Kemal ◽  
Mohammed Ahmed ◽  
Melese Sinaga Teshome ◽  
Kalkidan Hassen Abate
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Armed Force ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
World Health ◽  
Ratio Measurement ◽  
Specialized Hospital

Background. Similar to the general population, the prevalence of central obesity is increasing among HIV-infected persons. There are little data on the burden of abdominal obesity using the waist-to-hip ratio measurement in HIV-infected patients in resource-limited settings, including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of central obesity among HIV patients taking ART in an armed force comprehensive and specialized hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to April 2018. A systematic sampling method was used to select 353 study participants. Pretested World Health Organization stepwise questionnaire, document review, and anthropometric and biochemical measurements were used to collect data on different variables under the study. The collected data were entered into EpiData version 3 and analyzed by SPSS version 21. An adjusted odds ratio with 95% CI was considered to declare a statistically significant association. Results. The prevalence of central obesity in this study was 71.7% (95% CI: 67%–76.4%). Besides, the odds of central obesity were associated with being female (AOR: 85.6; 95% CI: 20.09, 364.6), among merchants (AOR: 18.8; 95% CI: 1.39, 255.7), CD4 count <200 cells/mm3 (AOR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.007, 0.160), among respondents taking AZT + 3TC + EFV-based ART regimen (AOR: 8.73; 95% CI: 1.33, 57.17), ABC + 3TC + ATV/r-based regimen (AOR: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.94), increased BMI (AOR: 3.50; 95% CI: 1.36, 3.89), and abnormal blood pressure (AOR: 2.53; 95%: 1.13, 5.67). Conclusion. It is possible to conclude that central obesity is a huge public health problem among the HIV-infected population in the study area. Being female, increased BMI, low CD4 count, AZT + 3TC + EFV, ABC + 3TC + ATV/r-based regimen, and abnormal blood pressure were associated with central obesity. Therefore, adequate attention must be paid to primary and secondary control of these factors to reduce the prevalence of abdominal obesity among HIV-infected patients.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among adults: A community based study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0248934
Author(s):  
Meseret Molla Asemu ◽  
Alemayehu Worku Yalew ◽  
Negussie Deyessa Kabeta ◽  
Desalew Mekonnen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
World Health ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Screening Programs

Background In all areas of the World Health Organization, the prevalence of hypertension was highest in Africa. High blood pressure is a significant risk factor for coronary and ischemic diseases, as well as hemorrhagic stroke. However, there were scarce data concerning the magnitude and risk factors of hypertension. Thus, this study aimed to identify the prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among adults in Addis Ababa city. Method A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June to October 2018 in Addis Ababa city. Participants aged 18 years and older recruited using a multi-stage random sampling technique. Data were collected by face-to-face interview technique. All three WHO STEPS instruments were applied. Additionally, participants’ weight, height, waist, hip, and blood pressure (BP) were measured according to standard procedures. Multiple logistic regressions were used and Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were also calculated to identify associated factors. Results In this study, a total of 3560 participants were included.The median age was 32 years (IQR 25, 45). More than half (57.3%) of the respondents were females. Almost all (96.2%) of participants consumed vegetables and or fruits less than five times per day. Eight hundred and sixty-five (24.3%) of respondents were overweight, while 287 (8.1%) were obese. One thousand forty-one 29.24% (95% CI: 27.75–30.74) were hypertensive, of whom two-thirds (61.95%) did not know that they had hypertension. Factors significantly associated with hypertension were age 30–49 and ≥50 years (AOR = 2.79, 95% CI: 1.39–5.56) and (AOR = 8.23, 95% CI: 4.09–16.55) respectively, being male (AOR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.18–2.99), consumed vegetables less than or equal to 3 days per week (AOR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.21–4.93), obesity (AOR = 2.05, 95%CI: 1.13–3.71), abdominal obesity (AOR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.10–2.64) and high triglyceride level (AOR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.38–3.07). Conclusion In Addis Ababa, around one in three adults are hypertensive. With a large proportion, unaware of their condition. We recommend integrating regular community-based screening programs as integral parts of the health promotion and disease prevention strategies. Lifestyle interventions shall target the modifiable risk factors associated with hypertension, such as weight loss and increased vegetable consumption.

scholarly journals Prevalence of active tuberculosis and associated factors among people with chronic psychotic disorders at St. Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital and Gergesenon Mental Rehabilitation center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eshetu Temesgen ◽  
Yerega Belete ◽  
Kibrom Haile ◽  
Solomon Ali
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Active Tuberculosis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rehabilitation Center ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne chronic infectious disease mainly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacteria. Currently, about 1.7 billion (26%) of the world’s population are considered to be infected with M. tuberculosis. The risk of acquiring tuberculosis is higher on some segments of societies including people with severe mental illness. As a result, World health organization (WHO) strongly recommends screening for tuberculosis in such risk groups and setting. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence of active tuberculosis and associated factors among patients with chronic psychotic disorders admitted at St. Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital and Gergesenon Mental rehabilitation center from February to June, 2020. All admitted patients were screened for any sign of TB as recommended by WHO. Presumptive TB cases were identified. Sputum samples were collected and tested by Xpert MTB/RIF assay. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0 statistical software and Chi square analysis was used to test the statistical association. Results From a total 3600 pschotic patients screened for TB, 250 (6.94%) presumptive tuberculosis cases were detected. From these, 27 (10.8%) were positive by Xpert MTB/RIF assay. Most of the patients were males (68.4%). The mean ± SD age of the participant was 36.5 ± 9.7 years. The overall prevalence of tuberculosis was found to be 750 per 100,000 population. The number of patients per room (p = 0.039) was associated with Xpert MTB/RIF positive active tuberculosis. Conclusion The prevalence of active tuberculosis among chronic psychotic patients was high. Number of admitted patients per room was identified as risk factors for Xpert MTB/RIF positive active tuberculosis. Therefore, to control TB transmission in chronic mental health treatment facilities, efforts should be directed to periodic screening for early case detection and improving the number of patients per room.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Laboratory Performance, Associated Factors and Staff Awareness Towards Achieving Turnaround Time in Tertiary Hospitals, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mebrat Gebreyes ◽  
Abay Sisay ◽  
Dilargachew Tegen ◽  
Abushet Asnake ◽  
Mistire Wolde
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Armed Force ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Laboratory Performance ◽  
Specialized Hospital

BACKGROUND: WHO recommends that each laboratory should establish turnaround time (TAT) to monitor and evaluate performance throughout processes. The status of established TAT was not yet assessed in Ethiopian Armed Force Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. The aim of this study was to evaluate the laboratory performance and associated factors towards achieving TAT in clinical chemistry and hematology tests at Armed Force Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.METHODS: Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2019 to June 2019. Standardized questionnaire was designed to collected data on awareness of laboratory staffs about TAT. The data was entered, cleaned and analyzed using SPSS version 24.0 Software. Logistic regression analysis was done to find out statistically significant association and strength of association between dependent and independent variables at pvalue <0.05.RESULT: A total of 422 test results were systematically selected with 100% response rates. Of these, 253(59.9%) were chemistry tests. From the expected < 90min TAT clinical chemistry tests, only 41(16.2%) and from < 60min TAT time for hematology tests, 37(21.9%) met the target. The laboratory TAT was affected by factors including high work load, laboratory information system problem, power interruption and sample collection time. Moreover, the level of knowledge, attitude and practices of laboratory staffs towards laboratory TAT were 60%, 85.7% and62.9% respectively.CONCLUSION: Overall achievement of clinical Chemistry and hematology tests TAT was poor. The finding might reflect other public hospital situation in Addis Ababa. Thus, additional large scale studies need to conduct.

scholarly journals Dyslipidemia and Associated Factors Among Adult Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Armed Force Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol Volume 12 ◽  
pp. 221-231
Author(s):  
Adnan Kemal ◽  
Melese Sinaga Teshome ◽  
Mohammed Ahmed ◽  
Meseret Molla ◽  
Tabarak Malik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Armed Force ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Specialized Hospital

scholarly journals Magnitude of internalised stigma and associated factors among people with bipolar disorder at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e044824
Author(s):  
Shegaye Shumet ◽  
Bethlehem W/Michele ◽  
Dessie Angaw ◽  
Temesgen Ergete ◽  
Nigus Alemnew
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Poor Social Support

ObjectivesTo assess the magnitude of internalised stigma and associated factors among patients with bipolar disorder attending the outpatient department of Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.DesignInstitution-based cross-sectional study design.SettingAmanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.ParticipantsWe recruited about 418 participants using systematic sampling technique for an interview during the study period.MeasurementData were collected by face-to-face interviews. Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness scale was used to measure internalised stigma. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Oslo-3 Social Support were instruments used to assess the associated factors. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to identify factors associated with the outcome variable. ORs with 95% CI were computed to determine the level of significance.ResultsThe magnitude of internalised stigma was 24.9% (95% CI: 21.2% to 28.9%). In the multivariate analysis, unemployed (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.3, 95% CI: 1.0 to 5.0), unable to read and write (AOR=3.3, 95% CI: 1.05 to 10.7), poor social support (AOR=5.3, 95% CI: 1.9 to 15.0), ≥4 previous hospitalisations due to bipolar disorder (AOR=2.6, 95% CI: 1.1 to 6.1) and low self-esteem (AOR=2.4, 95% CI: 1.1 to 5.1) had a significant association with internalised stigma.ConclusionsOne in four patients with bipolar disorder reported high internalised stigma. Unemployment, low educational status, low self-esteem, poor social support and being hospitalised more than three times before were significantly associated with internalised stigma. Thus, a stigma-reduction programme focusing on self-esteem improvement and psychological health of patients to increase their stigma resistance to counteracting effects of internalised stigma is essential.

scholarly journals Sleep Quality and Associated Factors among Peoples with Epilepsy Who Have a Follow-Up at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019: An Institutional Based Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kemeriya Adem ◽  
Tilahun Kassew ◽  
Addis Birhanu ◽  
Ayalew Abate
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Sleep Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Specialized Hospital

Background. Sleep is an active cyclic biological phenomenon and necessary for survival. Individuals who suffer from sleep disturbance are less productive, decreased performance, and negative effects on mental health. Despite there are different studies on sleep quality in Ethiopia, no studies have been conducted on magnitude and predictors of sleep quality among people with epilepsy in the study setting. Objective. To assess sleep quality and associated factors among people with epilepsy who have a follow-up at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019. Method. An institution-based cross-sectional study was employed from May-June 2019. Systematic random sampling following face to face interview technique was employed. Epi-data version 3.1 and SPSS version 25 statistical packages were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. Frequencies, proportions, means, SDs, and cross-tabulations were used to summarize descriptive statistics of the data and tables, texts, and graphs were used for data presentation. To identify association and significant predictor with the outcome variable, binary logistic regression was fitted. The variable which has statistical significance was identified on the basis of p values ≤ 0.05 and AOR with 95% confident intervals. Results. A total of 423 participants have been enrolled to the study with a response rate of 98.1%. The prevalence of poor sleep quality among peoples live with epilepsy was found 65.4% (95% CI: 61.0, 69.9). Being female (AOR=2.94; (95% CI; 1.79, 4.85)), having stress full life events (AOR=2.38; (95% CI; 1.43, 3.97)), nonadherent to AED medication (AOR=1.86; (95% CI; 1.05, 2.78), poly-therapy treatment (AOR=2.24; (95% CI; 1.05, 2.78)), poor seizer control (AOR=2.4; (95% CI; 2.21, 12.46)), comorbid medical illness (AOR=2.6; (95% CI; 1.18, 5.61)), and anxiety (AOR=2.54; (95% CI; 1.52,4.24)) were factors significantly associated with poor sleep quality. Conclusion. This study revealed that more than half of the study participants were found to have poor sleep quality. So, considering the regular assessment of sleep quality and factors associated followed with appropriate intervention is recommended among peoples living with epilepsy.

scholarly journals High Baseline CD4 Count and Exclusive Breastfeeding Are Associated with Lower Rates of Mother to Child HIV Transmission in Northwestern Uganda: A Two-Year Retrospective Cohort Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Izudi ◽  
Pontius Apangu ◽  
Francis Bajunirwe ◽  
Edgar Mulogo ◽  
Vincent Batwala
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
World Health ◽  
High Baseline ◽  
Health Organization

Background. Under Option B plus, the transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) along the Early Infant Diagnosis (EID) of HIV cascade remains unknown. We described HIV transmission along the EID cascade and determined associated factors at Arua Regional Referral Hospital, Northwestern Uganda. Methods. Data on 295 mother-baby pairs in EID care (January 2014 and April 2015) was extracted, cleaned, and analysed in STATA. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were performed. Independently associated factors were stated in adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 95% confidence interval (CI), and p-values. Results. 233 (89.0%) mothers were above 30 years, 251 (85.1%) were in World Health Organization (WHO) clinical stages I/II at enrolment, 170 (57.6%) attended antenatal care (ANC) visits during recent pregnancy, and 204 (69.1%) delivered in a health facility. Meanwhile, 257 (87.1%) HIV Exposed Infants (HEIs) received Nevirapine prophylaxis from birth up to 6 weeks and 245 (83.0%) were exclusively breastfed during the first 6 months. Of 295 mother-baby pairs, 25 (8.5%) HEIs turned HIV-positive along the EID cascade. Baseline maternal CD4 count of more than 500 cells/ul compared to less than 500 cells/ul (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.29; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.10–0.85; p = 0.024) and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in the first 6 months of delivery in contrast to not EBF in the first 6 months (AOR = 0.17; 95% CI: 0.52–0.55; p = 0.003) reduced HIV transmission. Meanwhile, ANC visits, place of delivery, time of Nevirapine initiation, and maternal antiretroviral therapy use were not significantly associated with infant HIV transmission. Conclusion. HIV transmission was high. High baseline CD4 count and exclusive breastfeeding reduced HIV transmission.

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